American History Final Exam Study Guide – Flashcards
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Great Compromise
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proposed by Roger Sherman and House of Congress, House of Representatives based on population, Upper House, Senate, solve conflict between VA and NJ plan
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Reasons Antifederalists opposed the Constitution
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*Weakened the States *No bill of Rights *President/King
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Hamilton's Financial Plan
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*U.S. government will pay all federal and state debts *create a national bank *tax on imports
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Republicans and Federalists
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Two political parties and their beliefs that developed in the first half of the 1790's.
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French Revolution
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called the blood thirsty monster killed 17,000 including King and Queen
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George Washington's Accomplisments
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*US had functioning federal government *economy was improving *avoided war *British forced to leave forts in NW Territory, safe for settlement
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XYZ Affair
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French government demanded the US pay a bribe of $250,000 to not be attacked. Agents in affair were known as X,Y,Z
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Revolution of 1800
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Jefferson referred to his election as
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Laissez-faire
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Means that the government should not interfere in the economy
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Election of 1800
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was decided by House of Representatives
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Napolean Bonaparte
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French ruler who tried to conquer Europe
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Louisiana Territory
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brought from France for $15 million
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Lewis and Clark's Expedition Goals:
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*make contact with Native Americans *find a waterway between Mississippi River and Pacific *report on geography, plants, animals, and natural features
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Barbary Pirates
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pirates raiding European and American ships, taking property, and enslaving soldiers, and holding them for ransom
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Embargo Act
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total ban on American ships trading with any foreign country. people turned to smuggling repealed except with Britain and France
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War Hawks
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members of Congress who called for war with Britain prior to war of 1812
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Impressment
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practice of seizing sailors on American ships and forcing them to serve in the British army
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"Old Ironsiders"
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USS Constitution nickname because British artillery fire boured off the ships thick wooden hull
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Francis Scott Key
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wrote the Star Spangled Banner-national anthem
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Era of Good Feeling
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period of national unity after the war of 1812
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Daniel Webster
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spokesperson for NE supported high tariffs as a way of protecting industry
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Henry Clay
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spokesperson for the West. country needed better roads and canals to transport goods from one region to another
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John C. Calhoun
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spokesperson for the South. emphasized states rights
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American System
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proposed by Henry Clay-high tariffs and a federal program of public works
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Adams-Onis Treaty
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Spain gave FL to US because they couldn't protect it
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Monroe Doctorine
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issued a message to Congress that the US would not allow European nations to create American colonies or interfere with free nations of Latin America
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Andrew Jackson
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President from 1829-1837, said to be tough as a hickory, called the "bank a monster"
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"corrupt bargain"
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John Adams appointed Henry Clay as secretary of state which was considered the stepping stone to presidency
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Sequoyah
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Cherokee leader who created their alphabet
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Panic of 1837
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Martin Van Buren took office when the economy was beginning a severe slump
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Industrial Revolution
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period when machines took the place of many hand tools
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Examples of Harsh working conditions
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*poorly lit *little fresh air *machines lacked protection causing injury *long hours
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Telegraph
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device that used electrical signals to send messages quickly over long distances, invented by Samuel Morse
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The Great Hunger
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fungus that destroyed a potato chip in Ireland forcing immigrants to flee to the U.S.
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Missouri Compromise
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proposal by Henry Clay that persuaded Congress to add Maine as a free state, and Missouri as a slave state
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Horace Mann
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head of the MA Board of Education who trained teachers, raised salaries, and extended school year
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Underground Railroad
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network of people who secretly led slaves to the North
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Manifest Destiny
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extending the nation beyond it's existing borders from sea to shining sea
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Rio Grande
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border between US and Mexico
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Forty-niners
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name given to people who troubled to CA in search of gold
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Mormons
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members of the church of Jesus Christ of later day saints
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Tariffs of 1828 and 1832
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South Carolina threatened to secede
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William Henry Harrison
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elected in 1840 but died a month later due to pneumonia
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John Jay
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first supreme court justice
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"We the people" means
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that the Constitution gets its power from the people
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1st state to approve the Constitution
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Delaware
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1st amendment includes
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freedom of speech, press, religion
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Neutral
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not favoring either side of a dispute
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smuggling
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the act of illegally importing or exporting goods
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The Prophet
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Tenskwatawa
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Nicholas Biddle
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Bank president
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interchangeable parts
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invented by Eli Whitney
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Clerrmont
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first steamboat
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Joseph Smith
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founded mormons
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Daniel Boone
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famous early pioneer
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Harriet Tubman
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underground railroad conductor
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Nat Turner
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led famous slave revolt
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Harriet Beecher Stowe
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Uncle Tom's Cabin
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Utopia
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New Harmony Indiana
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Turnpike
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tollroad
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Ralph Waldo Emerson
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trancandentalist
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Seneca Falls Convention
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women's rights movement
