question

New France was characterized by

answer

more peaceful European-Indian relations than existed in New Spain.

question

The repartimiento system established by the Spanish in the mid-1500s

answer

recognized Indians as free but required them to perform a fixed amount of labor.

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According to Bartolomé de Las Casas

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Spain had caused the deaths of millions of innocent people in the New World

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In 1517, the German priest _______________ began the Protestant Reformation by posting his Ninety-Five Theses, which accused the Catholic Church of worldliness and corruption

answer

Martin Luther

question

Which of the following was NOT a technique that Spanish conquistadores used to conquer Native American empires

answer

Negotiating treaties

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Which one of the following statements about African slavery within Africa is FALSE

answer

Only men were taken for the slave trade

question

Europeans generally believed all of the following about Indians EXCEPT that

answer

Indians had enormous potential to assimilate European ways.

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Anne Hutchinson:

answer

opposed Puritan ministers who promised salvation through church attendance and moral behavior rather than through divine grace

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Patroonship in New Netherland

answer

meant that shareholders received large estates for transporting tenants for agricultural labor

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In their relations with Native Americans, the Dutch

answer

concentrated more on economics than religious conversion

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How did the Dutch manifest their devotion to liberty

answer

They supported freedom of religion in their colony

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Which European country dominated international commerce in the early seventeenth century?

answer

The Netherlands

question

The Spanish set up outposts from Florida to South Carolina in part because

answer

Spanish missionaries hoped to convert local Native Americans to Christianity

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The New Laws of 1542:

answer

commanded that Indians no longer be enslaved in Spanish possessions.

question

Which one of the following statements about Spanish America is true

answer

Over time, Spanish America evolved into a hybrid culture—part Spanish, part Indian, and, in some areas, part African

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Alarmed by the destructiveness of the conquistadores, the Spanish crown replaced them with a more stable system of government headed by

answer

lawyers and bureaucrats

question

The Coumbian Exchange was:

answer

the transatlantic flow of plants, animals, and germs that began after Christopher Columbus reached the New World.

question

Why did European exploration of the New World proceed so rapidly after Columbus's discoveries?

answer

Gutenberg's invention of the printing press enabled the rapid dissemination of information.

question

What motivated the Portuguese to begin exploration to find a water route to India, China, and the East Indies?

answer

To eliminate the Muslim "middlemen" in the luxury goods trade

question

Slavery in Africa:

answer

involved the enslavement of criminals, debtors, and war captives.

question

Under English law in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, women

answer

surrendered their legal identities when they married.

question

In England, social inequality

answer

was part of a hierarchical society

question

Which one of the following is true of religion in seventeenth-century Europe

answer

Religious uniformity was thought to be essential to public order

question

In Europe on the eve of colonization, one conception of freedom, called "Christian liberty,"

answer

mingled ideas of freedom with servitude to Jesus Christ—concepts that were seen as mutually reinforcing, not contradictory.

question

Which statement about gender relations is FALSE for most Native American societies

answer

Tribal leaders were almost always women

question

Native American religious ceremonies

answer

were related to the Native American belief that sacred spirits could be found in living and inanimate things.

question

When Europeans arrived, many Native Americans

answer

tried to use them to enhance their standing with other Native Americans

question

Before the arrival of Columbus, Native North Americans

answer

had elaborate trade networks

question

Which one of the following statements is true of the Aztec capital, Tenochtitlán

answer

It had a complex system of canals, bridges, and dams, with the Great Temple at the center.

question

Adam Smith recorded in 1776 that the "two greatest and most important" events in the history of mankind were the

answer

discovery of America and the Portuguese sea route around Africa to Asia

question

The marriage between John Rolfe and Pocahontas:

answer

was seen in England as a sign of Anglo-Indian harmony and missionary success

question

Which one of the following is true of indentured servants:

answer

Their masters could determine whether they could marry

question

A consequence of the English Civil War was

answer

an English belief that England was the world's guardian of liberty

question

As a prelude to the English Civil War, leaders of the House of Commons

answer

accused the king of imposing taxes without parliamentary consent

question

The Magna Carta

answer

granted many liberties, but mainly to lords and barons

question

The Half-Way covenant of 1662

answer

did not require evidence of conversion to receive a kind of church membership

question

Boston merchants

answer

challenged the subordination of economic activity to Puritan control

question

In the seventeenth century, New England's economy

answer

centered on family farms and also involved the export of fish and timber

question

The Massachusetts General Court

answer

reflected the Puritans' desire to govern the colony without outside interference

question

New England towns

answer

much of the land remained for collective use or to be divided among later settlers

question

In early seventeenth-century Massachusetts, freeman status was granted to adult males who

answer

were landowning church members

question

The Mayflower Compact established

answer

a civil government for the Plymouth colony

question

What was Puritan leader and Massachusetts Bay Governor John Winthrop's attitude toward liberty

answer

He saw two kinds of liberty: natural liberty, the ability to do evil, and moral liberty, the ability to do good

question

Why did Puritans decide to emigrate from England

answer

The Church of England was firing their ministers and censoring their writings

question

Puritans followed the religious ideas of:

answer

John Calvin

question

What was Virginia's "gold," which ensured its survival and prosperity

answer

tobacco

question

It can be argued that conflict between the English settlers and local Indians in Virginia became inevitable when

answer

the Native Americans realized that England wanted to establish a permanent and constantly expanding colony, not just a trading post.

question

To entice settlers to Virginia, the Virginia Company established the headright system, which

answer

provided land to settlers who paid their own passage

question

The Virginia House of Burgesses

answer

was the first elected legislative body in the English colonies

question

As leader of the Jamestown colony, John Smith

answer

alienated many of the colonists with his autocratic rule

question

Which of the following statements is true about the early history of Jamestown

answer

The death rate was extraordinarily high

question

Which English group did the most to reshape Native American society and culture in the seventeenth century

answer

the settlers farming the land

question

What did English settlers in North America believe was the basis of liberty?

answer

land

question

As a result of British landowners evicting peasants from their lands in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries

answer

efforts were made to persuade or even force those who had been evicted to settle in the New World, thereby easing the British population crisis

question

Which one of the following spurred increased European interest in colonizing North America

answer

national and religious rivalries

question

Why did England consider Spain its enemy by the late 1500s

answer

because of religious differences: England had officially broken with the Roman Catholic Church, while Spain was devoutly Catholic

question

Queen Mary of England, predecessor of Elizabeth I

answer

temporarily restored Catholicism as the state religion of England.

question

Which of the following was true of agriculture in the colonies during the eighteenth century

answer

Because New York's landlords had taken over so much land, agriculture grew more slowly in New York than in other colonies.

question

What role did Native Americans play in British imperial wars during the eighteenth century?

answer

They did much of the fighting in the wars.

question

Once Massachusetts became a royal colony in 1691

answer

it was required to abide by the English Act of Toleration, which displeased many Puritan leaders

question

Bacon's Rebellion was a response to

answer

worsening economic conditions in Virginia

question

Carolina grew slowly until

answer

rice as a staple crop was discovered to be extremely profitable

question

As English colonial society became more structured in the eighteenth century, what were the effects on women

answer

Women's work became more clearly defined as tied closely to the home

question

By the eighteenth century, colonial farm families

answer

almost always owned at least three slaves

question

Which of the following was true of the colonial elite

answer

they controlled colonial government

question

By the eighteenth century, consumer goods such as books and ceramic plates

answer

were increasingly available in the colonies

question

According to laws in the seventeenth-century Chesapeake

answer

free blacks had the right to sue and testify in court.

question

Ideas of race and racism in seventeenth-century England

answer

had not fully developed as modern concepts

question

The Scottish and Scotch-Irish immigrants to the colonies

answer

were often physicians, merchants, and teachers

question

The German migration to the English colonies

answer

led to the formation of many farming communities

question

Which of the following fits the description of a person most likely to have been accused of witchcraft in seventeenth-century New England

answer

a woman beyond childbearing age who was outspoken, economically independent, or estranged from her husband

question

In what ways did England reduce colonial autonomy during the 1680s

answer

A royal governor actually held power under the Dominion of New England

question

The Glorious Revolution of 1688

answer

resulted mainly from the fears of English aristocrats that the birth of James II's son would lead to a Catholic succession

question

Bacon's Rebellion contributed to which of the following in Virginia

answer

the replacing of indentured servants with African slaves on Virginia's plantations

question

Which of the following was true of small farmers in 1670s Virginia

answer

The lack of good land, high taxes on tobacco, and falling prices reduced their prospects

question

What ironic consequence did William Penn's generous policies, such as religious toleration and inexpensive land, have

answer

They contributed to the increasing reliance of Virginia and Maryland on African slave labor

question

To Quakers, liberty was:

answer

a universal entitlement

question

How did English rule affect the Iroquois Confederacy

answer

After a series of complex negotiations, both groups aided each other's imperial ambitions

question

"enumerate" goods:

answer

were colonial products, such as tobacco and sugar, that could only be exported to English ports.

question

According to the economic theory known as mercantilism

answer

the government should regulate colonial exports to promote national power

question

What was the impact of King Philip's War

answer

Native Americans war tactics caused them to be viewed as brutal savages by most New Englanders.

question

Deists shared the ideas of eighteenth-century European Enlightenment thinkers, namely that

answer

science could uncover God's laws that governed the natural order

question

Which of the following was a consequence of the Seven Years' War

answer

strengthened pride among American colonists about being part of the British empire

question

What was the primary purpose of the Proclamation of 1763

answer

to bring stability to the colonial frontier

question

What did Neolin, a Delaware Indian and religious prophet, tell his people they must reject?

answer

European technology and material goods

question

The French and Indian War began because some American colonists felt that

answer

France was encroaching on land claimed by the Ohio Company

question

By the eighteenth century, the Spanish empire in North America

answer

rested economically on trading with and extracting labor from surviving Native Americans

question

Revivalist preachers during the Great Awakening frequently

answer

criticized commercial society

question

The most famous Great Awakening revivalist minister was

answer

George Whitefield

question

John Peter Zenger's libel trial

answer

probably would not have ended in his acquittal if he had attacked someone other than the colonial governor

question

Which one of the following did NOT contribute to the expansion of the public sphere during the eighteenth century?

answer

the founding of the California missions

question

During the eighteenth century, colonial assemblies

answer

became more assertive

question

"salutary neglect" meant

answer

British governments left the colonies largely alone to govern themselves

question

How did colonial politics compare with British politics

answer

Colonists tended to agree with the British that owning property was related to having the right to vote

question

How did John Locke reconcile his belief in natural rights and his support for slavery

answer

He believed that the free individual in liberal thought was the propertied white man

question

John Locke's political philosophy stressed

answer

a contract system between the people and the government

question

"Republicanism" in the eighteenth-century Anglo-American political world emphasized the importance of ____________ as the essence of liberty

answer

active participation in public life by property-owning citizens

question

Slave resistance in the eighteenth century

answer

included rebellions in both northern and southern colonies that led to the deaths of several of those involved in planning the conspiracies

question

Which of the following is true of eighteenth-century slavery in South Carolina and Georgia

answer

Plantation slaves enjoyed far more autonomy than they did in other colonies, allowing them to maintain more of their African culture.

question

In the northern colonies, slaves

answer

were relatively few in number and dispersed among the white population in small holdings

question

Georgia was established by James Oglethorpe, whose causes included improved conditions for imprisoned debtors and the abolition of

answer

slavery

question

the tack system

answer

assigned slaves daily jobs and allowed them free time upon completion of those jobs.

question

The early South Carolina economy focused on the export of deerskins and furs to England as well as on

answer

the export of Indian slaves to the Caribbean.

question

Tobacco plantations in the Chesapeake region

answer

helped make the Chesapeake colonies models of mercantilism.

question

Which of the following is a true statement about the Atlantic slave trade's effect in West Africa

answer

It helped lead to the rise of militarized states in West Africa, whose large armies preyed upon their neighbors in order to capture slaves.

question

The Boston Massacre occurred when British soldiers

answer

fired into a mob and killed a number of Boston residents.

question

Why did colonists object to the Tea Act

answer

By paying it, they would be acknowledging Great Britain's right to tax the colonists without their consent

question

The Committees of Safety

answer

were part of a series of efforts by the Continental Congress to promote unity and to take action against enemies of liberty

question

Washington's defeat of Cornwallis at Yorktown

answer

destroyed British public support for the war

question

Cornwallis was defeated at Yorktown because

answer

he had no land or water escape route

question

During the Revolutionary War, tensions between backcountry farmers and wealthy planters

answer

gave the British hope that they might be able to enlist the support of southern Loyalists

question

After the Battle of Saratoga, the focus of the war shifted

answer

to the South, where the British captured Savannah that year

question

A key consequence of the Battle of Saratoga was

answer

France became an ally to the United States

question

The Olive Branch Petition

answer

was addressed to King George III and reaffirmed American loyalty to the crown

question

John Adams recommended George Washington as commander of the Continental army because

answer

the fact that Washington was from Virginia could help unify the colonists

question

What were the Suffolk Resolves

answer

a set of resolutions, urging Massachusetts citizens to prepare for war

question

Crispus Attucks:

answer

has been called the first martyr of the American Revolution

question

The "Daughters of Liberty" was the name given to

answer

women who spun and wove to create their own clothing rather than buy British goods.

question

The Declaratory Act

answer

rejected Americans' claims that only their elected representatives could levy taxes

question

The Sons of Liberty

answer

was the creation of several ambitious but not-too-wealthy New York merchants

question

What contribution did the Stamp Act episode make to the colonists' concept of liberty

answer

The Stamp Act Congress insisted that the right to consent to taxation was essential to people's freedom.

question

The Stamp Act created such a stir in the colonies because

answer

it was the first direct tax Parliament imposed on the colonies

question

The Sugar Act alarmed colonists, in part because it

answer

threatened the profits of colonial merchants already in economic trouble

question

Virtual representation was the idea

answer

that each member of Britain's House of Commons represented the entire empire, not just his own district

question

What major event first led the British government to seek ways to make the colonies bear part of the cost of the empire

answer

The Seven Years' War

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