Adolescent and Adult Devel. Final – Flashcards
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Anne is a teenager attending junior high school in Washington, D.C. Anne attends a school where all her teachers have high expectations for student conduct. If Anne is typical of students in research conducted on this subject, we may expect Anne to have ___________ compared to students in other schools.
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a higher level of achievement
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A study that compared two types of junior high schools - a team-organized and a traditional school - found that adolescents?
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adjusted better to the transition when the school was team-organized
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According to the text, the key to success for intervention programs designed to help potential dropouts is?
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all of the above
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Repeating a grade, having a history of school difficulties, and scoring low on achievement tests are all factors that predict?
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dropping out
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School attendance for adolescents in non-industrialized societies is?
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Rare
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According to the text, school reform in the 1950s and early 1960s focussed on the need for ______ education.
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science
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Which of the following academic areas is the most common source of difficulties for adolescents with a learning disability?
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Reading
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For recent veterans, military service has been found to?
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increase self-confidence and leadership skills
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According to research, which cultural group has the lowest educational attainment?
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Latino Americans
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In traditional farming cultures, who is typically responsible for the livestock and farm land?
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fathers and sons
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What benefit do adolescents and their families in traditional cultures derive from adolescents working?
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Improves basic necessities like food and clothing
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What is the term used to define substances that adolescents may try before they may go on to try "harder" substances?
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gateway drugs
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In America, the most common approach to treating ADHD is?
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medication
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Which statement concerning gender differences and school achievement differences is most accurate?
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Girls achieve higher grades than boys
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Suppose you were a participant in a study about high school dropout. You are one of the children who has the risk of dropping out. According to surest research, what factor in your life is a strong predictor of your potential dropping out?
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Your parents' low income
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As of the year 2000, the proportion of non-traditional college students (older than 18-23) was approximately?
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43%
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Carson is an adolescent in a large urban high school. There are more than 35 students in all of his classes. According to research, how might the large class sizes affect Carson?
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scholars are unable to agree on the effect of class size
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Beverly attends a community college and works 30 hours per week in a veterinarian's office to pay her tuition and bills. According to the text, Beverly could best be described as a member of the _____ subculture.
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vocational
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In contrast to traditional cultures, adolescents in industrialized economies?
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Have to decide on an achievable career choice
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Rudyard is a young boy living in Germany. In terms of research conducted on adolescents in Wester Europe, we can conclude that?
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Rudyard's work is in an apprenticeship program connected his schooling.
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One implication that follows from adolescent community service is that, in contrast to adolescents who don't volunteer, those who do are?
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More likely to be conscious of themselves citizens
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What percentage of American emerging adults attend college after graduation from high school? Approximately
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60%
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Imagine you bought an Indian rug with a Rugmark lab. This means that the rug is?
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not made with child labor
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Susanna is an emerging adult who has to think about what career she wants to pursue. She is also acutely aware of the possibility that she may have to leave her work to raise a family and be a mother. According to research, if Susanna is typical of most girls she?
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Realizes that motherhood may affect her career choices
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According to research, what work factor is positively related to psychological well-being and self esteem? A job that involves?
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learning new skills
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According to the text, one disadvantage of increased globalization is?
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Brutal working conditions in countries from a preindustrial to global economy.
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Carl is a young man who is introspective, imaginative, and sensitive. Most people would think of carl as an unconventional person who loves unstructured activity. According to Holland's personality theory, what "type" is Carl?
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Artistic
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Ward (1995) found that young men and women in popular shows are often portrayed as having a ______ attitude towards sex.
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recreational
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Olaf is 13 years old. Like all his other friends, Olaf loves to text message his friends. Olaf and his friends represent about 80% of adolescents in what country?
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Norway
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Which of the following is NOT specified as one of the five common uses of media by adolescents?
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Cognitive development
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Airin lives in Malaysia and Craig lives in Manhattan. Thay are both fifteen years old and have met over the internet. Airin and Craig both love the same television shows and music. The scenario is most illustrative of which of the following concepts?
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Globalization
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Studies finding that heavier exposure to sexual content on TV related to earlier initiation of sexual intercourse are guided by which of the following theoretical frameworks?
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Social Learning Theory
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One recent study of adolescents aged 11-15 found that adolescents' preference for violent video games was related to?
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anxiety and depression
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Legal prohibition of music and lyrics that promote hate is not likely in the United States because of the?
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Protection of free speech via the First Amendment
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The most important result of the 20th century media such as television and radio was the creation of a new source of?
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Socialization
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Heavy metal fans interviewed by Arnett (1991, 1996), reported that listening to heavy metal tends to?
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Calm them down
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Rates of smoking are particularly high among young people in?
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Eastern and Southern Europe
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One factor that may contribute to the failure of driver education programs to reduce accidents is that they?
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enables adolescents to obtain a driver's license more quickly
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The idea that religious participation may make it less likely that an adolescent take part in risk behavior best refers to?
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protective factor
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Young people with externalizing problems are sometimes referred to as?
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undercontrolled
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Which of the following is NOT described in the textbook as one of the purposes for which young people use substances?
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Peer acceptance
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Leaving home without parental or guardian consent is considered a(n)?
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status offense
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According to the text, approximately what percentage of American high school seniors reported smoking cigarettes at least once in the past month?
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20%
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In Western countries other than the United States, a higher minimum driving age and less access to automobiles is associated with?
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fewer car accidents and fatalities among young people
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The Glueck's longitudinal research found that the key to delinquency lay in an interaction between?
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constitutional factors and family environments.
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Imagine you were a researcher in the 1980s studying the documents from educational experts hired by the National Commission on Excellence in Education. What message would you most likely uncover from these documents?
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"Back to basics"
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Theo works at a fast food restaurant. His boss has asked Theo if he is willing to take more shifts. If Theo decides to take on the extra work he will be trying to juggle 20 hours of part-time work and full-time high school. According to research, if Theo is a typical adolescent, what might we conclude about the potential effects of the increased hours?
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A drop in grades
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Which statement concerning gifted students is most accurate?
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Many schools have advanced placement classes for gifted students
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Halee is a young girl just entering college. According to research, what program is Halee LEAST likely to enter?
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Engineering
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According to the text, what best explains girls' superior performance in school and the relatively poor performance of boys?
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All of the above
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According to the text, adolescents' academic achievement tends to be worst when they have _____________ parents.
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Disengaged
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According to the text, _____ of poor girls in rural India cannot read and write.
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40%
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One implication that follows from the European system of different types of secondary schools is that?
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adolescents must decide early about their educational direction
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Hunting, fishing, and farming are occupational pursuits most common in?
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Traditional cultures
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What Vocational Interest Inventory used for matching a person with a prospective occupation was based on Holland's theory of personality? The?
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Strong-Campbell inventory
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Renata is considering an apprenticeship program. She lives in Dusseldorf, Germany. According to the text, what options does Renata have in terms of potential apprenticeship placements? Renata can choose placements?
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all of the above
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According to the text, technologically-driven changes in work are likely to?
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allow an increasing proportion of work to be done at home.
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According to the text, all of the U.S. school-to-work and job training programs tried thus far have?
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only been implemented on a limited scale
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According to the text, adolescents who become cynical about their part-time work are potentially justifying their?
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occupational deviance
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Which of the following is NOT one of the theories of media influence discussed in this chapter?
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The Cognitive Developmental Approach
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Much of the existing research on media has focused on its?
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effects on the consumer
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When Nand feels angry, he goes home and listens to heavy metal music. According to research, if Nand is typical of adolescent heavy metal fans, which of the following may we predict is the most likely effect? After listening to the music for a while, Nand?
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calms down
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A recent study related to sex on television analyzed the top 15 television programs watched by American adolescents. Around _______ percent of the programs analyzed contained sexual content.
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80
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Which of the following trends is most likely associated with the widespread international distribution of MTV?
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Globalization
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The extent to which a person enjoys novelty and intensity of sensation best describes the personality characteristic known as?
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sensation seeking
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The words of William Congreve (1697), "Music has charms to soothe the savage breast," best reflect?
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the potential cathartic effect of music
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Which of the following age groups has the highest rate of automobile accidents, fatalities and injuries?
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16-24
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Which of the following is a common characteristic of people considered to be "overcontrolled"?
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Overly self-punishing
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Mika rarely goes to parties or smokes marijuana anymore because she is too busy working and looking after family responsibilities. Based on research, it could be predicted that Mika is approximately what age?
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25-30
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According to the law of the majority of states, juvenile is defined as a person under the age of?
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18
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According to a recent survey, American adolescents were shown to experiment with other substances such as amphetamines, inhalants, hallucinogens, and cocaine. What percentage of American adolescents tried Ecstasy?
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6%
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According to research by Shedler and Block (1990), which of the following groups of adolescents were found to be the most psychologically healthy?
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Experimental substance users
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Which of the following is a leading researcher in the area of resilience?
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Masten
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According to some scholars, tracking creates a disadvantage for _____________ students?
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Latino
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School attendance for adolescents in non-industrialized societies is?
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Rare
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Larger high schools have some advantages over smaller schools. One advantage of larger school is?
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A more diverse range of classes
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Angela is in her first year at Westmount Junior High School. According to research, what is Angela likely to experience that is different from elementary school?
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All of the above
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In the Arab countries of North Africa, ______ is an enduring influence in educational contexts and content.
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Islam
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Researchers have revisited the 1988 study "The Forgotten Half" to see if the plight of high school graduates who do not attend college was the same 10 years later. The current study found that?
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Young people who didn't attend college still face declining earnings
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According to Murname & Levy (2004), high schools are failing to connect to the new economy by not providing adolescents with what?
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Computer Skills
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Samantha is 16 years old and works after school at the local gas station. If Samantha is typical of other high students, working more than 10 hours a week will affect her?
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all of the above
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Carl works for a delivery company. He works most weekdays after school and long shifts on the weekends. Most of his pay periods he has banked over 25 hours a week. From this we can conclude that Carl?
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may be more anxious than his classmates
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According to the text, in contrast to adolescents who don't work, those who work more than 10 hours per week are more likely to?
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use alcohol and smoke cigarettes
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Generally, adolescents view their part-time job as?
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none of the above
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Many defenders of "gangsta rap" argue that the violent lyrics reflect?
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Grim realities of inner city life for Black American youth.
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According to U.S. Department of Health and Human Services statistics, what percentage of smokers began smoking by age 18?
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90
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Basima is an adolescent girl who lives in rural Morocco. Her brother, Mohan is allowed to go to movies at the local theatre. Basima's parents told her that she is not allowed to go to movies because they don't want to subject her to shame. This situation best illustrates which of the following?
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Narrower gender socialization for girls is reflected in differential gender access to media
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Sheldon is a huge fan of heavy metal music. His bedroom walls are plastered with posters of Slayer, Metallica, and Led Zeppelin. Sheldon practices guitar daily and hopes to have a career in music - if not as a "guitar god," then as a studio musician. Which of the following uses of media is best represented in this scenario?
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Identity formation
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Is is difficult for parents to impose restrictions on adolescents' media consumption because?
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parents and adolescents spend a lot of time away from each other
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A concern associated with adolescents' use of internet chat rooms is the potential for?
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all of the above
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The uses and gratification approach emphasizes that consumers?
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are active participants in their use of media
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Which of the following researchers conducted an ethnographic study of adolescents in Nepal?
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Liechty
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Sixteen-year-old Joaquin's parents work out of town several days a week and he is often alone in the house. His parents agree that he is old enough to make his own decisions and they do not check up on him and rarely monitor his whereabouts or activities. Based on research, it could be predicted that Joaquin has a(n)?
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increased likelihood of engaging in delinquent acts
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According to research, what percentage of American adolescents have reported having suicidal thoughts?
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24%
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Scholars distinguish between two types of problems
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internalizing and externalizing
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Which of the following parenting styles is associated with less risk behavior in adolescents?
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authoritative
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The Add Health study found that risk behavior was significantly related to?
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all of the above
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A study conducted by Simmons and Blyth (1987) over five years with students from grades 6-10 concluded that students who attended an 8-4 plan versus a 6-3-3 plan were more likely to?
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higher self-esteem
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According to the text, the comprehensive high school system was designed to?
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all of the above
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According to the text, the key to success for intervention programs designed to help potential dropouts is?
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all of the above
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Bianca and Melanie attend high schools in Thunder Bay, Ontario. Bianca attends a large high school with 3,000 students, while Melanie only goes to school with 200 students. According to research, who is more likely to participate in extracurricular activities based on the soze of the schools?
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Melanie
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School climate refers to the?
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quality of interaction between students and teachers
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Julie lives with her mom and dad in Pittsburgh. Julie is an only child and just celebrated her 15th birthday. Her father is a lawyer and her mother volunteers at the YMCA. According to research, what factor in Julie's life is most likely to predict the fact that Julie engages in community service? The fact that
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her mothers volunteers
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According to Holland's theory (1993) of personality, "conventional" personalities are best suited to be in occupations such as?
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bank tellers
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Jenny lives in Alabama and volunteers with the Red Cross four times a month. According to research, when Jenny becomes a young adult, compared to others who haven't she is?
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more likely to be politically active
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Who is most likely to serve in the Peace Corp?
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A recent university graduate
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According to research conducted on Job Corps results over four years, researchers found that?
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participants were more likely to earn a GED.
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The most important result of 20th century media such as television and radio was the creation of a new source of?
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socialization
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It is difficult for parents to impose restriction on adolescents' media consumption because?
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parents and adolescents spend a lot of time away from each other
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The criticism of heavy metal music generally focusses on the issues of?
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suicide and violence
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Because most studies on adolescents and television violence are correlational, it is?
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not possible to prove from these studies that television cause aggressive behavior
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According to research, for Japanese adolescents who own cell phones, how many sent at least 10 text messages a day to their friends? Approximately?
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half
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Some delinquency prevention interventions have been found to increase delinquency because they?
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bring high-risk adolescents together to form a clique
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D.J. responds to problems by focusing distress inwards. Based on research, it could be predicted that D.J. is most likely?
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Female
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From the late1970s to the early 1990s, adolescent substance use generally?
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declined
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According to her mom, 33-year-old Shara had no problems during childhood. Shara is now a school teacher and has a child of her own. During her adolescent years, however, Shara "ran with a crowd" that smoked pot, shoplifted, and occasionally vandalized buildings. During her youth, Shara's behavior could best be described as
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Adolescent-limited delinquency
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Which of the following is a protective factor associated with reliance?
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all of the above
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Terrie Moffitt's (1993, 2003) provocative proposes a distinction between two types of delinquency.
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adolescence-limited and life-course-persistant
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The ADORE study was a large scale trial involving over 1,500 children and adolescents with ADHD conducted in?
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Europe
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Ramon is a young boy in grade 6 who is attending P.S. 182 in New York City. Ramon is part of a program where if he graduates high school with a B average, he will have all his expenses paid for in college. What program is Ramon a part of?
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"I Have A Dream."
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According to the text, in most European countries how many adolescents attend vocational schools? Approximately?
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25%
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Britt is a member of an environmental activist organization and has helped organize peaceful protests on campus. She is deeply involved in her Sociology studies and admires the instructor in that course, yet feels that most of her professors have outdated ideas. According to the text, Britt could be best described as a member of the _________________ subculture.
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Rebel
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According to the text, _____ of poor girls in rural India cannot read and write.
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40%
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Suppose you were an adolescent girl in a study about costs and benefits of employment. When asked about the benefits of working, you would likely agree that _______________________ is one positive factor.
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gaining a sense of responsibility
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How do the Peace Corps and AmeriCorps differ?
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AmeriCorps does not administer a volunteer program
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A recent study reported that AmeriCorps volunteers were higher than a comparison group on the following?
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all of the above
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According to research, approximately how many adolescents participate in community service at least once a year?
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Two-Thirds
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A recent related to sex on television analyzed to the top 15 television programs watched by American adolescents. Around _____ percent of the programs analyzed contained sexual content.
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80
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Much "gangsta" rap is criticized for?
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all of the above
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Adolescents have greater control over their socialization from media than they do over socialization from family or school because the media are?
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largely market-driven
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What year did MTV hit the airwaves?
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1981
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Vanessa does not use drugs or alcohol. She refuses to smoke cigarettes. Vanessa most likely defines herself as?
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Straight-edge
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In the United Stated the leading cause of death among people aged 16-24 is?
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automobile accidents
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Kris is 14 years old. The assessment done by the school psychologist refers to Kris as "undercontrolled." Based upon research, which of the following predictions is most likely accurate?
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Kris likely comes from a family with little parental control
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Which of the following individual factors is found to be related to risk-behavior?
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aggressiveness
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Which of the following best explains the ineffectiveness of some delinquency prevention programs from the perspective of adolescent participants and programmers respectively?
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" I don't want to be there," and "We should have caught the problem earlier."
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According to some research, in contrast to the benefits of an 8-4 educational plan, a 6-3-3 educational plan was rated positively by seventh graders as being more positive with regard to?
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all of the above
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Larger high schools have some advantages over smaller schools. One advantage of larger schools is?
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a more diverse range of classes
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According to Murnane & Levy (2004), high schools are failing to connect to the new economy by not providing adolescents with what?
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Computer skills
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A concern associated with adolescents' use of internet chat rooms is the potential for?
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all of the above
