question

A power struggle between Pope Boniface and King Philip IV over taxes and authority; a root of the reformation

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The Great Schism

question

The belief that the Catholic Church should be led by councils of cardinals rather than popes, and that the council of cardinals can override papal authority

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Conciliar Movement

question

Who were John Wyclif and Jan Huns?

answer

Heretics

question

List the 4 clerical abuses

answer

Indulgences, simony, Pluralism, Absenteeism

question

Papers you can buy that reduced the time one suffered in purgatory based on the price; one of the first items on the printing press.

answer

Indulgences

question

The sale of church offices or positions

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Simony

question

Having more than one clerical office

answer

Pluralism

question

Pluralism resulted in this, the unavailability of a member of the clergy to provide spiritual guidance to his church goers

answer

Absenteeism

question

Before the reformation, the papacy was becoming more ________.

answer

Secular

question

Receiving sacraments in order to go to heaven was called the __________ _____ __ _____________

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Mechanical path to salvation

question

Renaissance ideas outside of Italy were called th e __________

answer

Northern/Christian Renaissance

question

The people who wanted a purer and more moral Christianity in a reform of the church, did NOT want to end the church.

answer

Northern/Christian Humanists

question

The belief in selfless love and piety in religion

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Desiderius Erasmus (The Philosophy of Christ)

question

A German catholic monk who was unsatisfied with the church's path to salvation and uncertain about his own salvation

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Martin Luther

question

A list of grievances with the church that Martin Luther posted

answer

95 Theses

question

Salvation achieved by faith ALONE, without clergy, indulgences, sacraments, etc....; one of Martin Luthers 95 theses.

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Justification of Faith

question

The idea that the pope was always right and could never fail

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Papal Infallibility

question

Martin Luther believed the bible should be

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Written in vernacular and the sole authority

question

Martin Luther strongly opposed these two church ideals regarding clerical behavior and purgatory

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Clerical celibacy and indulgences

question

Martin Luther was _______________ from the Catholic church and denounced a heretic, so he started his own form of Christianity called __________

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Excommunicated; Lutheranism

question

This leader of Spain and the Holy Roman Empire wanted to stop Lutheranism and make the Holy Roman Emperor a powerful position.

answer

Charles V

question

Luther received much support from ___________ so that they may enhance their own power by leading Lutheran churches

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German Princes

question

Was Luther for or against the peasant revolts to gain social and economic freedoms? Why?

answer

Against; Because his power lies in the German nobility whom the peasants are revolting against.

question

This man from Geneva Switzerland began the form of Christianity known as Calvinism.

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John Calvin

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The theory that God has determined the fate of your soul even before you are born, it is believed in ______(religion)

answer

Predestination; Calvinism

question

The Calvinists were strongly against the concept of _________ in the church, believing all members of the church were equal and all believers should participate, not just the clergy

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Hierarchy/Episcopal Model

question

What group of Christians were militant/willing to fight for their religion?

answer

Calvinists

question

French Calvinists were known as __________

answer

Hugenots

question

Scottish Calvinists were known as _________

answer

Presbyterians

question

English Calvinists were known as __________ (Because they believed they were PURE of hierarchy in the church. This group would later migrate to America in search of religious freedom and become known as what we call Pilgrims today)

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Puritans

question

This English king began the Anglican church so he could divorce his wife Catherine of Aragon and marry Anne Boleyn, the woman he impregnated,

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Henry VIII

question

The Anglican church is similar to the Catholic church in all ways except the authority lies in _________ in Anglicanism

answer

The monarch, as opposed to the pope

question

The Catholic Reformation was a ______________ movement

answer

Reactionary

question

This doctrine reaffirmed the authority of the pope

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Council of Trent

question

A New Catholic Order of evangelical missionaries who spread Catholicism in America and Asia

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Jesuits

question

These wars between the Hugenots fighting against the absolutist kings for "religious" freedom start the Catholic Bourbon dynasty of France.

answer

French Wars of Religion

question

This is the French edict in which the king converts to Catholicism but allows Protestants, Calvinists, and others to freely practice their own faiths.

answer

Edict of Nantes

question

The war fought on Germanic lands between the German and Spanish Protestants and Catholics

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Thirty Years War

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The Germans lost ____% of their population in the Thirty Years War

answer

60

question

A treaty stating that the Germanic rulers in the Holy Roman Empire can choose the religion practiced in their own separate areas rather than a united Holy Roman Empire religion. It also gives Holland independence from Spain.

answer

Treaty of Westphalia

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Protestants usually lived North or South? (Consider the position of the Vatican, center of the Catholic church. would they want to be close or far from it?)

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North

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Catholics usually lived North or South? (Consider the position of the Vatican, center of the Catholic church. would they want to be close or far from it?)

answer

South

question

These wars were fought between the Anglican, Catholic, and Calvinist churches for economic and political (parliament vs monarch) reasons as well as religious

answer

English Civil Wars

question

Name some impacts of the Religious Wars and Reformation

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Religion and god were being questioned, papal authority crumbled, science begins to take over

question

Which three groups feared the scientific revolution? The _______ feared religious explanation being overturned. The ________ feared biblical explanation would be overturned. The _______ feared Divine right of kings would be overturned.

answer

Catholics, Lutherans, Absolute Monarchs

question

The most frequently used method of legitimization of power by Absolute Monarchs, the idea that they had god given right to rule

answer

Divine Right of Kings

question

The reasons given for an individuals right to rule (Diving right of kings, mandate of heaven, etc....)

answer

Legitimation of Power

question

By the scientific revolution, the role of churches in political and social affairs __________ (decreased or increased?)

answer

Decreased

question

The belief that the Earth is the center of the universe.

answer

Geocentrism

question

The belief that the sun is the center of the universe.

answer

Heliocentrism

question

The outer circle of the universe where God resides.

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Empyrean Heaven

question

This Polish astronomer first discovered and proposed the Heliocenric model.

answer

Nicolaus Copernicus

question

This Italian astronomer/physicist invented the modern telescope and gathered evidence to support the Copernican Heliocentric model.

answer

Galileo Galilei

question

This man discovered that planets have not round, but elliptical orbits.

answer

Johannes Kepler

question

This English scientist explained gravity and how the universe was a machine, and so humans could understand how it worked.

answer

Isaac Newton

question

The belief that God is the creator of the universe, but s/he doesn't impact human events

answer

Deism

question

Blood, Yellow Bile, Black Bile, and Phlegm

answer

The Four Humors

question

Name the four humors.

answer

Blood, Yellow Bile, Black Bile, and Phlegm

question

The French intellectual movement based on social studies, the use of knowledge to improve society, and rationality.

answer

The Enlightenment

question

Intellectuals of the Enlightenment who criticized the old order.

answer

Philisophes

question

This Scottish writer wrote "Wealth of Nations", supporting Laissez-Fair economics

answer

Adam Smith

question

A French word meaning a policy based on the idea that government should play as small a role as possible in the economy, literally meaning "let them do", meaning let the people do what they want.

answer

Laissez-Faire

question

A form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by checks and balances)

answer

Absolutism

question

The name of the French parliament not allowed to meet by an absolutist monarch

answer

Estates General

question

The middle class was called the ___________

answer

Bourgeoisie

question

The monarch with a grand palace at Versailles in which nobles resided and stayed out of political affairs.

answer

King Louis XIV

question

The French imposed high ________ ( a form of taxes) on incoming goods to keep money in France.

answer

Tariffs

question

This edict basically reverses the Edict of Nantes, making Calvinism illegal which leads to the emigration of Hugenots to the Holy roman Empire.

answer

Edict of Fontainebleau

question

The name for the army of 400,000 of King Louis XIV that was ready to fight at any minute

answer

Standing Army

question

What country tries to imitate France in its absolutism?

answer

Spain

question

A leading German state in the Holy Roman Empire that struggled with non contiguous lands and decentralization.

answer

Prussia

question

The family that ruled Prussia.

answer

Hohenzollern

question

A leading German state that assumed control of Hungarian and Slavic nations and struggled with the nationalism of the Slavs, leading into World War I

answer

Austria

question

This Austrian treaty pushed back the Ottoman invasion into Europe and led it out of Europe (must know date)

answer

Treaty of Karlowitz (1699)

question

The 2 non absolutist parliament/monarch based states that were both strong commercial powers in Europe.

answer

Netherlands and Britain

question

This revolution ends the English civil wars and leads into a peaceful take over by William and Mary of Holland.

answer

Glorious Revolution

question

Grants basic civil liberties to the people of England.

answer

Bill of Rights

question

The dynasty that begun in England with the war of the roses

answer

Tudor Dynasty

question

This renaissance thinker argued that it is better to be feared than loved and that the ends justified the means.

answer

Niccolo Machiavelli

question

The wars between Parliament (led by Oliver Cromwell) and the Monarch over his absolutist policies, the parliament wins and beheads the king (radical movement)

answer

English Civil War

question

The Glorious revolution eliminates the possibility of a _______/_______ monarchy in England with a constitution and bill or rights.

answer

Catholic/absolute monarchy

question

A group of people with a common language and culture

answer

Nation-State

question

The European name for the war between France and Britain over colonial lands

answer

The 7 Years War

question

The Indian name for the war between France and Britain over colonial lands

answer

Great War for Empire

question

The American name for the war between France and Britain over colonial lands

answer

French-Indian War

question

Who won the 7 years war? (If all else fails, take a guess. France never wins. EVER. Militarily, France absolutely sucks.)

answer

Britain

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