ABO Study set – Flashcards
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metric conversion
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1 meter =39.37inches 1DM= 1/10 of a meter 1cm=1/100th of a meter 1mm= 1/1000th of a meter 1 nm(nanometer) 1 billionth of a meter
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visible light spectrum or "white light"
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between 380nm and 750nm
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ROY G BIV
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colors of the visible light spectrum red, orange, yellow, blue, green, indigo, violet
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Red
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650 to 750nm
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Orange
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590 to 650 nm
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yellow
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560 to 590 nm
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blue
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500 to 560 nm
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green
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470 to 500nm
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violet
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380 470nm
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dispersion
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The term that refers to the breaking up of light into its component colors
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chromatic abberation
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dispersion is a characteristic of this common lens aberration
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invisible light spectrum
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ultraviolet light below 380nm (harmful) infra red light above 750nm (not harmful)
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UVA
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330 to 380nm harmful to they eye
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UVB
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275 to 330nm sunburn
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UVC
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200 to 275nm very dangerous
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Infrared
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Infrared is experienced by the wearer as heat energy. While no specific harmful effect has been proven, unprotected eyes in the bright sunlight can be fatigued easily. Above 750nm, long waves/low energy/ not harmful
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light ray
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unless interrupted it will travel in a straight line
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angle of incedence
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angle at which an incoming light ray strikes a surface
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normal
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an imaginary line that is perpendicular to the reflecting surface
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angle of reflection
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the angle a which a light ray leaves the reflecting surface
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in-phase
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When two waves are vibrating in a parallel peak-peak / trough-trough pattern. When two waves are in-phase, constructive interference takes place. Like 1 + 1 = 2, the two smaller waves combine to form one larger one that is equal to the sum of the two.
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out-of-phase
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When waves are vibrating in a parallel peak-trough pattern,The waves are equal, but opposite, so they cancel one another out.
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out-of-phase A/R
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An AR coating is formulated to create an out of phase alignment between the 4% front reflection loss and the 4% back reflection loss. The result is 99.5% transmission, virtually no reflection, thus an invisible lens.
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Light/ refraction A.
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the particulars of refraction are explained by Snell's Law. 1. When light strikes a clear medium around 8% is reflected 2. Less than 1% is absorbed 3. approx 92% of light passes through. the path a ray of light will take trough a medium depends on the angle of incidence and the index of refraction of the medium.
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Light/ refraction B.
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From a less dense medium to a more dense medium the speed of light will be slowed. The path of the light will bend towards the normal. From a more dense medium to a less dense medium the speed of light will increase and return to 186,000 miles per sec. the path will move away from the normal. The incidence path and the exiting path will be parallel
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Light/ refraction C.
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when light strikes a transparent medium in a perpendicular manner no bending or refraction takes place. Angle of refraction: exists between normal and the ray path inside the medium. Angle of deviation: exists between the ray path and the imaginary extension of the undeviated ray.
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Factors that affect the amount of refraction
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1. as angle of incidence gets greater the refraction that will take place gets greater. 2. great the index of refraction of the medium the greater the refraction of light 3. rays that strike the medium on a perpendicular path will not be refracted
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Light schematic
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A light ray enters a denser medium and it bends down towards the normal. The angle between the incoming ray and the normal is the angle of incidence. The angle between the imaginary path that the ray would have taken had it been un-deviated and where it actually ends up is the angle of deviation. The angle between the actual refracted ray and the normal is the angle of refraction
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index of refraction
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speed of light in air divided by the speed of light in the medium. Ex:186,000/124,832=1.49(CR-39)
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diamond
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2.41
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thindex glass
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1.80
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Hi-lite glass
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1.74
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flint glass
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1.69
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polyurethane plastic
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1.60
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polycarbonate
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1.59
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crown glass
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1.53
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cr-39
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1.49
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water
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1.33
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surface lab standard
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1.53
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Characteristics of a plus lens
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1. convergeses 2. "real focal point" 3. magnifies 4. against motion 5 Center thicker than the edge 6. Weakens as vertex shortens
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Characteristics of a minus lens
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1. Diverges 2. "virtual image" 3 minifies 4 with motion 5 center thinner than edge 6 strengthens as vertex shortens
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Focal length
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can be defined as the distance a lens takes to focus parallel beams of light. Stronger lenses have shorter focal lengths and weaker lenses have longer focal lengths
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focal length pt. 2
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. Remember that if a one-diopter lens focuses at a distance of one meter, a two-diopter lens (since it is twice as strong) will focus in half that distance, or one-half of a meter. A .50-diopter lens (since it is half as strong ) will focus at twice the distance, or two meters.
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formula: focal length in meters
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1 divided by dioptric power Ex: 1/10= 1/10 of a meter or 10cm or 100mm
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formula: dioptric power
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1 divided by focal length in meters Ex: what is the dioptric power of a lens whose focal length is 2 meters? 1/2 or .50 diopter
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abbe Value of Crown glass
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60
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abbe value of Cr-39
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57
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abbe value of polyurethane plastic
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37
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abbe value of flint glass
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36
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abbe value of polycarbonate
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30
