question

Nicole's mother is terribly afraid of snakes. Although Nicole has never actually seen a snake, she has an intense fear of snakes and refuses to walk in the grass because of how much her mother has warned her about them.

answer

vicarious conditioning of a phobia

question

Which of the following is one of benefits that those with GAD commonly believe they derive from worrying?

answer

if i worry about it now, i won't be as upset when it happens

question

neuroticism

answer

is a tendency to feel anxious

question

Why do many people with panic disorder continue to believe they are having a heart attack despite the fact that they never have?

answer

they tend to engage in "safety behaviors" that they believe are the reason the catastrophe didn't happen

question

persistent and recurrent thoughts are

answer

obsessions

question

Derek's moods have always seemed to be unpredictable and irrational. Nancy has been diagnosed with GAD, and never knows when he is going to come home and yell at her and the kids. Family therapy has revealed moods are not irrational, but a reflection of sales at his work. Which of the following would reduce Nancy's anxiety?

answer

Derek could call home each day and let Nancy know how the day went

question

Kayla has just started college and wants to make friends. She refuses to go to large parties because she is afraid she will blush and sweat. She is fine talking to people in one-on-one settings.

answer

social phobia

question

Which of the following have studies of control in humans and monkeys provided support for?

answer

Early experiences may serve as protective factors, decreasing likelihood of developing GAD

question

Which of the following is necessary for a diagnosis of OCD?

answer

symptomatic behavior causes distress

question

What disorder does GAD appear to be most related to

answer

major depression

question

The fact that bright light may be an effective treatment for seasonal affective disorder suggests

answer

this form of depression is produced by a malfunctioning biological clock that needs resetting

question

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

answer

may lead to sexual problems

question

Drugs that alter availability of norepinephrine and serotonin are not clinically effective in the treatment of depression for several weeks. What does this suggest?

answer

Changes in neurotransmitter function, as opposed to neurotransmitter level, cause depression

question

John's erratic behavior finally ruined his marriage. What kind of life event would this be described as?

answer

dependent

question

Mania and depression may reflect defensive strategies for coping with severe stress. This is a theory associated with

answer

psychodynamic approach

question

When Jill experienced her first panic attack, she felt as if she were outside of herself...

answer

depersonalization

question

Which of the following is associated with a unique physiological response pattern?

answer

blood-injection-injury phobia

question

which of the following reactions to poor test performance suggests a cognitive diathesis for depression?

answer

I'll never understand this

question

When Kenneth was a young boy he went to a dentist who treated him uncaringly and inflicted a good deal of pain. Now, he is afraid of dentists and physicians. This is

answer

generalization of classical conditioning

question

In order to meet criteria for a major depressive episode, a person must have

answer

significant distress or impairment

question

Tara believes it is extremely important to be clean. She cleans her kitchen and bathroom daily, and the rest of the house at least once every few days. She says she wants people to be able to eat off her floors. She

answer

Has no disorder

question

neurobiological factors involved in panic disorder and GAD provide evidence for the hypothesis that

answer

Both disorders are caused by an excess of the GABA neurotransmitter

question

Anxiety disorders

answer

probably exists in all societies, but take different forms in different cultures

question

Quentin is seeking medication to treat his panic disorder. Due to his history of substance abuse, his doctor hesitates. He will most likely write a prescription for

answer

SSRI

question

Cognitive approaches to social phobia focus on

answer

challenging automatic thoughts

question

Evolutionary preparedness explains

answer

Why some types of phobias are much more common than others

question

Which of the following is necessary for a diagnosis of cyclothymia?

answer

Clinically significant distress or impairment

question

Which of the following is supported by research on the role of genetic influences in unipolar disorders?

answer

The more severe the depressive disorder, the greater the genetic contribution

question

Why is it not wise to treat an individual who has a bipolar disorder with an antidepressant?

answer

the drug may trigger rapid cycling

question

A study of poor women in London found that ______ increased the likelihood of developing depression after experiencing sever stress

answer

Having more than three children still at home

question

What is the most important characteristic used to distinguish dysthymia from major depression?

answer

Whether or not there are occasional brief periods of normal moods during the disorder

question

Which of the following is most likely to attempt suicide?

answer

A 25 year old divorced woman

question

Postpartum blues are

answer

common, usually brief, and not a disorder

question

Stressful life events

answer

appear to increase the time to recovery from a manic episode

question

Joanne tends to blow up at people and then feel guilty. She worries a lot. She complains that she just doesn't really find anything exciting and life is boring.

answer

The evidence of neuroticism and low positive affectivity, and has a high risk of developing depression

question

Childhood suicide

answer

is one of top 10 causes of death for children in United States

question

Which of the following is NOT an existing piece of evidence that provides support for role of cognitions in panic?

answer

only individuals who tend to catastrophize develop panic disorder

question

Which of the following explanations for Diana's scissors phobia would Freud be most likely to offer?

answer

Diana's mother is a seamstress and Diana unconsciously wants to kill her

question

Which of the following is most characteristic of anxiety?

answer

Avoidant behavior

question

The new DSM classification which omits the concept of neurosis is an improvement because

answer

Diagnostic criteria are now based on shared, observable symptoms and are more clearly defined

question

What is meant by the phrase "double depression"?

answer

An individual with dysthymia later develops major depressive disorder as well

question

Knowing what we know about neurotransmitter imbalances in bipolar disorder, a physician should give which advice?

answer

Don't take drugs that increase dopamine levels because they can produce manic-like behavior

question

Which of the following is true of OCD

answer

disorder tends to begin in adolescence or early adulthood, but is not uncommon in children

question

depression during adolescence

answer

Can effect a person into young adulthood

question

The fact that dirt and contamination were threats to our ancestors suggest

answer

that preparedness theory may help explain OCD

question

Most people with OCD

answer

experience both obsessions and compulsions

question

Panic disorder is best described as a _________ condition

answer

Chronic

question

which of the following provides evidence against a role for inherited factors in development of phobias?

answer

Impact of nonshared environmental factors

question

Which is not a common type of obsession seen in OCD?

answer

fear of discrimination

question

If a pharmaceutical company were looking for a drug that would maximally treat GAD, they would want one that

answer

Increased GABA levels while regulating serotonin

question

The effectiveness of Valium in treating GAD supports hypothesis that

answer

A GABA deficiency underlies GAD

question

A relationship between depression and marital violence

answer

is well-established, as is the contributory role of depressive symptoms in both participants

question

Which is true?

answer

Most first time episodes of depression are preceded by a very stressful life event but that is not as true for recurrent episodes

question

Which would eliminate a potential diagnosis for cyclothymia?

answer

Carol was absolutely convinced her mother wanted to kill her, although there was no evidence for this

question

Cross-cultural studies of mood disorders are made difficult due to

answer

differences in diagnostic practices

question

_______ was once thought to be a fear of crowded places, but now is seen as a complication of having panic attacks in public

answer

agoraphobia

question

According to the behavioral viewpoint, compulsions are repeated ecause

answer

they serve to reduce anxiety

question

which is true about suicide

answer

about half of people who complete suicide do so during or in the recovery phase of a depressive episode

question

Lauren is phobic of birds. Her therapist shows her how to approach birds in a cage. Then the bird is taken out, petted, and fed. Therapist then encourages Lauren to do the same. This is

answer

participant modeling

question

The prognosis for bipolar disorder is

answer

guarded, most people continue to have some symptoms

question

an individual with a high stress tolerance

answer

can function well in the face of a high level of stress

question

The Life Event and Difficulty Schedule

answer

Includes cognitive factors in its examination of the impact of life events

question

Which of the following is a characteristic of an adjustment disorder?

answer

symptoms may lessen when the individual has learned to cope

question

choosing between two equally attractive alternatives is

answer

double approach

question

which of the following is likely to maintain or strengthen fears over time

answer

overestimating the likelihood that the event will reoccur

question

which are amongst most common obsessive thoughts in people with OCD?

answer

fear of contamination and fear of harming other

question

which of the following would be expected during the first phase of personality decompensation

answer

Julia struggled to control her emotions

question

PTSD

answer

May develop in the recovery stage of "disaster syndrome"

question

Adjustment disorder

answer

occurs within 6 months of a stressor

question

The fight or flight response

answer

involves activation of the sympathetic nervous system

question

Which of the following would be an example of direct therapeutic exposure?

answer

Mandy visited the accident site

question

In DSM-IV-TR, psychosocial stressors are

answer

specified on Axis IV

question

Which is a criticism of the Social Readjustment Rating Scale

answer

It places too much emphasis on the role of cognitive factors

question

Which of the following statements about Mineka, Cook, and colleagues' animal studies is NOT true?

answer

Observationally conditioned fear response were acquired quickly, but did not last more than a day or two

question

James began having panic attacks immediately after his mother died suddenly. Then, he began to fear going into public situations. Now he will not leave his apartment. What is unusual?

answer

it is unusual for a person with severe agoraphobia to be a man

question

mower's two-process theory of avoidance learning provides a theoretical rationale for an effective treatment for OCD. What is the treatment?

answer

exposure therapy with response prevention

question

social phobics are likely to

answer

Attribute events in their lives to external factors

question

Which of the following provides a unique challenge when trying to eliminate obsessions seen in OCD?

answer

attempting to not think about something may lead to thinking about it more

question

neurotic behavior

answer

may involve exaggerated use of avoidance behaviors

question

which of the following is NOT one of 5 primary compulsive acts seen in people with OCD?

answer

scanning

question

panic disorders are often misdianosed because

answer

symptoms are so somatic they are treated by physicians for medical problems

question

Which of the following would Freud most likely say about a man with OCD?

answer

He is fixated in the anal stage

question

Studies of preparedness and social phobia

answer

Reveal that an explicit perception of threat is necessary to evoke a sympathetic response

question

The pituitary gland

answer

releases hormones that regulate many bodily functions

question

dissociative and somatoform disorders

answer

do not involve some obvious anxiety symptoms

question

All of the following involve psychological disturbances that occur in response to an identifiable experience except

answer

depression

question

prolonged stress leads to suppression of the immune system. What might explain evolution of such a seemingly flawed reaction?

answer

such immune suppression might prevent the development of autoimmune illness

question

What has research on the preparedness theory of phobias found?

answer

Acquired fear responses can be elicited with subliminal exposure to fear-relevant stimuli

question

Virtual reality environments

answer

allow exposure therapy to be conducted in a simulated setting

question

Which of the following is necessary for a diagnosis of panic disorder?

answer

uncued panic attacks

question

Holmes and Rahe

answer

developed an objective tool for measure stress

question

Which of the following is an example of interoceptive avoidance?

answer

mark no longer views sexually explicit films

question

What is the thought to explain the effectiveness of the SSRIs in treating panic disorder

answer

they decrease noradrenergic activity

question

Fear or panic is a basic emotion that involves

answer

activation of the fight or flight response

question

the individual with generalized social phobia

answer

exhibits a fear of most social situations

question

Wendy went swimming in the ocean last week and became mildly fearful when she swallowed a lot of water. Yesterday someone told her a shark was seen in the water. Now she is petrified of going into the ocean. This illustrates

answer

the inflation effect

question

Harold's panic attacks have become so severe that he has finally sought treatment. He sees a psychiatrist who writer Harold a prescription that should offer him some immediate relief. The drug is

answer

benzodiozepines

question

high levels of anxiety sensitivity

answer

are a diathesis for panic attacks

question

which of the following are the antidepressants most widely prescribed today for the treatment of panic attacks?

answer

SSRI's

question

according to the fear of fear model of agoraphobia

answer

minimal signs of sympathetic arousal come to signal more intense levels of arousal such that slight changes in autonomic activity become triggers for panic attacks

question

Which is false

answer

the response an individual may have to a stressor can be easily predicted

question

agoraphobics are highly likely to have all of the following except

answer

neurotic personality disorder

question

one way in which phobic individuals differ from nonphobics is that

answer

phobics have a tendency to be constantly on alert for phobic stimuli

question

prepared fears are

answer

fears that are especially easily acquired and/or especially resistant to extinction

question

it is easier to be afraid of pictures of snakes and crocodiles than mushrooms and flowers, which is evidence of

answer

preparedness theory

question

fear of negative evaluation by others is a hallmark

answer

social phobia

question

the most common specific social phobia is a fear of

answer

public speaking

question

individuals exposed to the same types of traumatic social experiences differ as to whether they will develop a social phobia because

answer

preexisting differences in individuals' temperament and experience

question

Some things seem to be consistent across all the different forms that obsessive-compulsive disorder takes. These include:

answer

an overwhelming fear that something terrible will happen to the person or to others for which they are responsible

question

Amber feels anxious almost all the time. She finds herself worrying that her husband will leave her (although he has never shown any indication that he would), that she chose the wrong job, that her children might not be safe at their school and that she might get sick and leave her family in financial ruin. She calls her husband almost everyday to find out when he will be home. She complains to her physician that she is always tired by cannot sleep or relax. Amber's most likely diagnosis is

answer

generalized anxiety disorder

question

Which of the following is true of obsessive-compulsive disorder?

answer

This disorder tends to begin in adolescence or early adulthood, but is not uncommon in children

question

It is fairly easy to condition monkeys and humans to fear snakes but almost impossible to condition either to fear a flower. This supports the ____theory of phobias

answer

preparedness

question

Which of the following provides a unique challenge when trying to eliminate the obsessions seen in OCD?

answer

attempting to not think about something may lead to thinking about it more

question

fear or panic is a basic emotion that involves

answer

the activation of the "fight or flight" response

question

Which of the following is most characteristic of anxiety

answer

avoidant behavior

question

When Charissa was young child, she stepped on a bee and was stung. Since that time, she has been terrified of flying insects and runs away if she sees any. According to the classical conditioning model, the bee was

answer

a conditioned stimulus

question

Martin is afraid to fly. He knows his boss wants him to take a trip for the business. Marin feels miserable, because he wants to keep his job but cannot even imagine getting on a plane. The most likely diagnosis for Martin is

answer

specific phobia, situation type

question

neuroticism

answer

is a tendency to experience negative mood states

question

the fact that bright light may be an effective treatment for seasonal affective disorder suggests that

answer

this form of depression is produced by a malfunctioning biological clock that needs resetting

question

although bipolar I disorder is described as "bipolar,"

answer

a depressed episode is not necessary for a diagnosis

question

a recurrent depressive episode

answer

is preceded by one or more previous episodes

question

abramson revised the learned helplessness theory to suggest that

answer

hopelessness is needed in addition to helplessness in order to produce depression

question

according to Hammen's stress-generation model of depression,

answer

marital distress can lead to depression and depression can lead to marital distress

question

the new DSM classification which omits the concept of neurosis is an improvement because

answer

diagnostic criteria are now based on shared, observable symptoms and are more clearly defined

question

which of the following is one of the seven primary types of anxiety disorders recognized in the DSM-IV-TR?

answer

obsessive compulsive disorder

question

which of the following is a true statement about rapid cycling?

answer

it is seen in 5-10 percent of those with bipolar disorder

question

one of the main functions that worry seems to serve in generalized anxiety disorder is

answer

it keeps people from feeling the emotional and physiological consequences of anxiety

question

transcranial magnetic stimulation

answer

is a noninvasive biological treatment for depression.

question

All of the following are explanations for the increased prevalence of DID EXCEPT

answer

the increased incidence of sexual abuse

question

somatization disorder

answer

involves multiple symptoms of at lease four different types

question

all of the following are associated with DID except

answer

psychosis

question

Dan's various medical complaints and hospital stays finally led him to a psychiatrist. After a thorough medical and psychological evaluation, the twenty-eighty-year-old teacher and father of two was diagnosed with both depression and somatization disorder. What is atypical about this case summary?

answer

somatization disorder is seen much more commonly in women

question

Ryan has diabetes but has no trouble functioning. One day, his wife informs him that she is leaving him. Ryan suddenly develops terrible pain in his back, to the point he is unable to get out of bed. His wife agrees to stay for "a while" to take care of him. Ryan probably has

answer

pain disorder associated with psychological factors

question

Which of the following is the most commonly true of the host identity in DID?

answer

it is not the original identity

question

the most common quality of parents' interactions with their daughters who have eating disorders is

answer

control

question

families of people with anorexia

answer

exhibit tendencies towards perfectionism

question

which of the following characterizes most anorexia nervosa patients in Asia?

answer

dear of stomach bleeding

question

after her dentist commented on the damage her practice of vomiting had caused to her teeth, Hilda realized that she had a problem. After seeing a psychiatrist, Hilda was diagnosed with anorexia, binge-eating/purging sub-type. Due to the severity of her condition, her doctor suggested that she be hospitalized. Hilda immediately entered an inpatient treatment program and embraced all aspects of the treatment regimen. What is unique about Hilda's case?

answer

Hilda's lack of ambivalence about treatment

question

all of the following people have had one heart attack. Which of the following has the best chance of living longest?

answer

Reuben, who is unmarried and has lots of close friends

question

T cells

answer

are a type of leukocyte

question

no association has been found between nonfatal heart attacks and

answer

anxiety

question

what would be most helpful to a person with pain disorder

answer

staying physically active despite the pain

question

which of the following has been demonstrated about the effects of psychogenic amnesias on memory

answer

implicit memory is generally in tact

question

family therapy for anorexia appears to be most effective when it is used to treat

answer

adolescents

question

Chronic fatigue syndrome

answer

has an unknown cause, but may have something to do with the immune system

question

The German man, in the study mentioned in the text, who had dissociative fugue denied that he could speak German. However, he learned German-English word pairs much faster that control words. This supports that

answer

mainly episodic memory is lost, implicit memory stays intact

question

someone who binges and purges and is severely underweight is diagnosed as anorexic, not bulimic. This is because

answer

anorexia has a much higher rate than bulimia

question

which of the following is true

answer

negative emotions make an individual susceptible to disease and positive emotions seem to produce a certain immunity.

question

which is unique about OCD, as compared to other anxiety disorders

answer

the incidence is about equal for men and women

question

which is a disadvantage of treating GAD with benzodiazepine?

answer

such drugs are frequently misused

question

studies of preparedness and social phobia

answer

find that angry faces act as fear relevant stimuli

question

most first panic attacks

answer

follow some distressing event

question

social phobia

answer

involves a fear of one or more specific social situations

question

Which is characteristic of the obsessions seen in OCD

answer

the individual with OCD knows that their obsessions are irrational

question

agoraphobia is best described as a fear of

answer

experiencing a panic attack

question

what brain structure is recognized as playing a central role in panic attacks

answer

amygdala

question

recent research on relapse among bipolar patients suggest that

answer

personality styles interact with stress to increase the likelihood of relapse

question

seasonal affective disorder is best described as a _______ depressive disorder

answer

recurrent

question

margaret has been suffering with dysthymia for several years...

answer

double depression

question

selective abstraction

answer

is a tendency to focus on one negative detail of a situation while ignoring other aspects

question

which statement about gender difference in unipolar depression is true?

answer

as a biological basis for the gender differences has not been established, researchers have sought a psychosocial explanation

question

independent life events are those that

answer

are out of the client's control

question

depression

answer

can occur even in infants and very young children

question

Britany came to a therapist complaining that she just doesn't enjoy life lately...

answer

major depressive disorder

question

Mark feels the need to tap everything within his arms reach twice

answer

he has OCD

question

why do people with phobias continue to avoid the thing they fear

answer

avoidance is reinforced by anxiety reduction

question

what do all mood disorders have in common?

answer

they are characterized by emotional extremes

question

Debbie receives her paper back from her instructor...

answer

selective abstraction

question

which illusrates how cognitive variables may act to maintain acquired fears?

answer

ryan's fear of heights caused him to always wonder just how high up he was in a building.

question

"Repeated stimulation of the limbic system by discharges from the locus coeruleus may lower the threshold for later experiences of anxiety"

answer

panic disorders with agoraphobia

question

An evolutionary psychologist might say, "The unique physiological response in this disorder, involving fainting at the sight of the feared object, may have evolved because fainting might inhibit further attack from a predator." What disorder is being discussed?

answer

blood-injection-injury phobia

question

the cognitive model does not account for

answer

nocturnal panic attacks

question

Mrs. B tells her psychologist, "I cannot leave a certain region around my home without having terrible fears. I am terribly worried when I am in a car or in a bus. I am afraid I will have another one of those terrifying experiences." What disorder does Mrs. B probably have and what experience is she talking about?

answer

the disorder is agoraphobia, the experience is a panic attack

question

which of the following is a sociocultural explanation for the higher incidence of anxiety disorders in women?

answer

it is more acceptable for women to exhibit fear

question

the main well to tell someone is having an uncued panic attack rather than is in a state of fear is

answer

if they have a subjective belief that something awful is about to happen

question

which of the following is a true statement about the recurrence of a depressive symptom

answer

most individuals diagnosed with major depression will exhibit a recurrence

question

efforts to find the gene or genes that underlie bipolar disorder suggest that

answer

multiple genes are involved

question

one factor that is especially likely to produce depression relapse is

answer

behavior by a spouse that can be interpretted as criticism

question

a diagnosis of bipolar I disorder is best described as a _____ depressive disorder

answer

recurrent

question

according to Freud, depression

answer

is a consequence of loss

question

which of the following is a hormonal abnormality associated with both bipolar disorder and unipolar depression

answer

increased cortisol levels

question

george, a twenty-two-year-old mechanic, always seems to have a cloud over his head. For the past three years...

answer

major depressive disorder

question

Nadia has been depressed for several months. She is considering cognitive therapy. What advice would you give her?

answer

"many studies have shown the usefulness of cognitive therapy and it seems to prevent relapse."

question

the majority of individuals who ATTEMPT suicide are _____ and the majority of those who COMPLETE suicide are ____.

answer

women and people between 18 and 24; men and people over the age of 65

question

which of the following is true

answer

bipolar disorder is more strongly inherited that unipolar disorder

question

which of the following is not a symptom of major depressive disorder

answer

bouts of anxiety

question

compared to anxiety, panic is

answer

more intense

question

as discussed in your text, much evidence now suggests a number of biological causal factors in obsessive-compulsive disorder including all of the following EXCEPT

answer

decreased activity in the orbital frontal cortex

question

"Fear of fear," fear of anger and depression, and fear of internal bodily sensations are all cognitive causal explanations for

answer

agoraphobia

question

which of the following neurochemical profiles has been associated with manic episodes?

answer

low serotonin, high norepinephrine, high dopamine

question

a review of several studies found that ________ increased the likelihood of developing a more severe depression.

answer

experiencing a stressful life event

question

angela has had several periods of extremely "up" moods. They last for a couple of weeks and she has gotten into trouble several times. During those times she doesn't sleep, spends way too much money, gets involved in bad business decisions, talks quickly and thinks even more quickly and believes she can do anything. The best diagnosis for Angela is

answer

bipolar I disorder

question

gradual exposure to feared cues is

answer

common component of treatment for all anxiety disorders

question

according to the psychoanalytic view, what makes generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) different from specific phobias?

answer

defense mechanisms are not functional in GAD

question

jessica spends much of her day or saying certain words to herself. When she is not doing this, she is checking whether she left her doors unlocked. These symptoms illustrate

answer

compulsions

question

which of the following is true of unipolar major depression

answer

it is the most prevalent mood disorder

question

betty is hyper-aware of such bodily sensations as heart rate and respiration rate. When she perceives heart or breathing as getting faster she becomes afraid that she is having a heart attack. These thoughts make her symptoms worse and she has a panic attack. Betty's pattern of thinking best illustrates

answer

cognitive theory of panic

question

melissa is severly depressed and wants to commit suicide. If she is typical of most individuals who commit suicide

answer

she is ambivalent about committing suicide

question

jacob and matt both flunk their math test. Jacob says to his friends that there is no point in his continuing in the course because the teacher just doesn't like him. Matt says he is going to drop the course because he is just stupid in math. According to the reformulated learned helplessness theory,

answer

Matt is more likely to become depressed than Jacob

question

fear is a basic emotion that involves

answer

the activation of the "fight or flight" response

question

parental loss only results in a vulnerability to depression when

answer

poor parental care is a consequence of the loss

question

what are the two key moods involved in mood disorders

answer

mania and depression

question

individuals who do not show a decrease in cortisol levels in response to an injection of dexamethasone

answer

have an HPA axis that is not functioning normally

question

which of the following is not a brain area that has been found to exhibit abnormalities in depressed patients?

answer

basal ganglia

question

Diane's treatment for depression included training in meditation techniques that helped her become aware of her unwanted negative thoughts and to accept them as just thoughts. She was undergoing

answer

mindfulness based cognitive therapy

question

Over the past two years, Kelly has experienced depressive episodes three different times. Two of the three episodes occurred in the winter and the third occurred last spring. It is now winter and Kelly's depressive symptoms once again are consistent with major depressive disorder. Which of the following diagnoses should she be given?

answer

recurrent major depressive disorder

question

Reynaldo has been diagnosed with bipolar disorder. The most effective drug for him is

answer

lithium

question

the average duration of an untreated episode of depression is

answer

6 to 9 months

question

the main difference between a manic episode and a hypomanic episode is

answer

the amount of social and occupational impairment

question

what is one of the major ways the anxiety disorders differ from each other

answer

whether there are more fear/panic symptoms or anxiety symptoms involved

question

a rapid return of symptoms immediately after drug treatment is terminated is a common example of ________; a return to depressive symptoms after a period of spontaneous remission of symptoms is called a ________.

answer

relapse; recurrence

question

childhood depression

answer

is more likely in children with a depressed parent

question

a hypomanic episode is best described as a

answer

mild manic episode

question

while in treatment for panic disorder, Leroy is asked to engage in behaviors that activate the sympathetic nervous system. In other words, Leroy is engaging in behaviors that produce the physical sensation of fear. What type of treatment does this appear to be?

answer

interoceptive exposure

question

two months after her husband's death, Connie was still not herself. She often forgot to feed the dog, was late for work on a regular basis, and had not yet thrown out his clothes. Which of the following diagnoses would apply to Connie?

answer

connie does not have a disorder

question

which statement about the risk of statement is true?

answer

about hald of people who complete suicide do so during or in the recovery phase of a depressive episode

question

research on the role of genetics in the development of OCD suggests that

answer

there may be "neurotic" personality factors that increase susceptibility to OCD

question

which of the following might explain why rates of depression are low in China and Japan?

answer

symptoms of depression tend to be discussed as somatic

question

which of the following is a research finding that is inconsistent with the monoamine hypothesis of depression?

answer

increases in noradrenergic activity have been seen in the brains of depressed patients

question

individuals who suffer from phobias

answer

avoid the feared stimulus

question

which of the following seems to be the best treatment for phobias

answer

exposure therapy

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