Abnormal Psychology Set 1 – Flashcards
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What is abnormal psychology?
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the study of emotions, thoughts, and behaviors that can be considered a state of psychopathology, maladjustment, emotional disturbance, or mental illness
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How is abnormal psychology used in the modern world?
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to diagnose and treat various mental illnesses
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what are workers in the field of abnormal psychology called?
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clinical scientists and practitioners
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What are the 4 D's
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Deviance, distress, dysfunction, and danger
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What is deviant behavior?
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behavior that is different, extreme, unusual, or bizarre
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what is distressing behavior?
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unpleasant and upsetting to the person
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what is dysfunctional behavior?
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behavior that interferes with the persons ability to conduct daily activities in a constructive way
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what is dangerous behavior?
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behavior that may result in the harm of self or others
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how does deviant behavior interact with societal norms?
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behavior that does not seem appropriate psychologically given certain situations is considered deviant.
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Johanne cries herself to sleep and thinks there's no hope for the future. list an example of this being deviant and not deviant behavior.
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Deviant: she is a successful businesswoman with a respectable reputation and family life. Non deviant: Haitian earthquake victim
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how does culture influence behavior and deviant behavior
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a society that values competition and assertiveness may be more accepting of aggressive behavior whereas one that emphasizes cooperation and gentleness would not.
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Alberto hears voices. list an example of this being distressing behavior and it not
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Distressing, the feeling of going insane. not distressing, feels called to a higher purpose.
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why isn't college drinking considered abnormal?
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it is a culture that has existed for quite some time, even though it fits all 4 D's
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what is the difference between eccentric and abnormal
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eccentricity is only deviance whereas abnormality causes distresss, dysfunction, or danger
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what is therapy?
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the process of turning an abnormal behavior into a slightly more normal one.
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What does jerome franks definition of therapy contain?
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1) sufferer seeks relief from healer 2) trained healer whose expertise is acknowledged by sufferer/society 3) series of contacts between the healer and the sufferer which the healer tries to help the sufferer
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what does carl rogers note about therapists?
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therapists are not in agreement as to their goals or aims, what constitutes a successful outcome to their work and what constitutes a failure
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what percent of adults show psychological abnormalities?
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30%
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what percent of children show psychological abnormalities?
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19%
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how has psychological abnormality typically been viewed in the past?
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as "evil" winning in a fight against good and evil within ones soul
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how far back does the supernatural veiw of abnormality go?
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the stone age
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what is trephination?
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when a stone instrument called a trephine was used to cut away a portion of the skull to "release bad spirits.
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how does the bible incorporate abnormal behavior?
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an evil spirit from the lord affected king saul and david feigned madness to convince his enemies he was visited by divine forces
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what was treatment for these abnormal behaviors in early society
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exorcisms
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who carry out exorcisms?
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Shamans and priests
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what was the greco-roman philosophy on mental illness?
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imbalance of the 4 humors: yellow bile, black bile, blood, and phlegm
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who caame up with this theory and what was his view
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Hippocrates viewed that all illnesses had natural causes
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what does an excess of yellow bile indicate?
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mania
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what does an excess of black bile indicate?
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melancholia
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when did exorcisms start their second rise?
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500 to 1350 AD aka the Middle ages
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What were two examples of "mass madness" that occured during the middle ages?
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lycanthropy and tarantism
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who is the father of modern psychopathology?
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German physician Johann Weyer
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what did johann weyer believe about mental illness?
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the mind was susceptible to illness just as the body was.
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where was the forerunner of todays community mental health programs located?
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Gheel england
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how were asylums formed?
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mass housing for mentally ill in converted monostaries or hospitals
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what was asylum reform referred to as?
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Moral Treatment
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What is moral treatment?
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treatment of asylum patients that used a moral compass and involved humane and respectful techniiques
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who was the primary source of asylum reform in the US and what was the result?
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Boston school teacher Dorothea Dix, and founding of state hospitals: hospitals equipped to deal with mental patients in a safe and humane way.
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what were the two perspectives on mental illness that arose with the decline of moral treatment
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Somatogenic and psychogenic perspectives
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what is the somatogenic perspective?
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that mental illness has physical causes
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what is the psychogenic perspective?
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that mental illness has psychological causes
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who started the first asylum reform, when, and where?
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Philippe Pinel, 1793, Paris
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which philosopher does the somatogenic perspective most correlate with?
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Hippocrates
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What were the 2 key factors in the rise of the somatogenic perspective?
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Emil Kraeplin published an influential textbook in 1883 saying factors such as fatigue contribute to mental illness and that biologists discovered a connection between syphillis and general paresis
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what is general paresis?
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an irreversible syndrome accompanied by delusions of grandeur and paralysis
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what was an unintended consequence of the somatogenic perspective?
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tonsillectomies, lobotomies, and other forms of surgical treatments that were highly unethical or did not work arose.
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when did the somatogenic perspective finally pay off and why?
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1950s, the arrival of effective medications began the reform
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how did hypnotism contribute to the psychogenic perspective?
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helped calm those with hysterical disorders
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what is shown about hypnotic suggestion
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it has the power to both create and remove symptoms or memories
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who was the first known person to practice hypnotism?
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Frank antoine mesmer
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who was greatly influenced by mesmer's work and what did they practice?
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Josef Breuer, talk therapy where people would talk about problems and then they would get better
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Which big name in psychology was influenced by Breuer's work and what happened as a result?
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Sigmund Freud; Psychoanalysis, which believes that abnormal behavior has an unconscious root
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what does the technique of psychoanalysis often help with?
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disorders such as anxiety or depression
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what do surveys say about the public view of mental disorders?
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43% believe people bring mental disorders on themselves and 35% believe it is a result of sinful behavior
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how are people with severe disturbances cared for
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psychotropic medications, community mental health approach, and outpatient care
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what types of psychotropic medications are there?
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antipsychotic, which correct extremely confused and distorted thinking; antidepressant, which lift or stabilize moods; and antianxiety, which reduces tension and worry
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what led to deinstitutionalization
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psychotropic medication
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what is outpatient therapy?
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the practice of therapy at a patients place of living
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what is a community mental health approach?
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mental patients exist in a community with other mental patients
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what is private psychotherapy?
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form of outpatient therapy that involves counseling
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how are less severe patients treated?
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with outpatient therapy
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what is just as important as treating mental disorders?
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prevention of mental disorders via positive psychology
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what is positive psychology?
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study of how to promote happiness and mental health
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what is multicultural psychology?
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the study of the impact that culture, race, ethnicity, and gender have on behavior and thought
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what is a managed care program?
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health care coverage in which the insurance company controls the nature, scope, and cost of medical or psychological services
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what do therapists and clients typically think about managed care programs?
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they cut into the therapy side of things and prefer drug treatments
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what is todays leading theory about mental illness
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until 1950s was psychoanalysis, now is a bio-social-psycho approach
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what career came as a result of increasing demand for mental health in the 1950s?
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clinical psychologists
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what relation does technology have to mental health
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as it increases in our lives it's impact becomes greater on our mental health
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what is cybertherapy?
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treatment that involves the use of the internet (skype, avatars, etc) to provide treatment to people across large distances
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what is one consequence of increased technology in the mental health field?
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emergence of mental health apps
