question

PTSD

answer

Consequence of experienceing extreme stressor (trauma)

question

Trauma

answer

Actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violation

question

What are several ways of obtaining Trauma?

answer

1. Direct experience/witness 2. Learned event happened to someone they are close to 3. Repeted/extreme exposure to details of trauma

question

What are the symptoms of PTSD?

answer

1. Re-experienced 2. Avoidance 3. Negative thoughts/moods 4. Chronic arousal

question

What are the intrusive symptoms needed (one or more) of re-experiencing for PTSD?

answer

a. Recurrent, involuntary, intrusive memories of event b. Recurrent distressing dreams w/ content related to trauma c. Dissociative reactions d. Intense/prolonged distress at exposure to internal or external cues of trauma e. Marked physiological reactions to internal or external cues of trauma

question

Avoidance

answer

Persistent avoidance of stimuli associated with traumatic event (begins after event occurs)

question

What are the Symptoms of Avoidance for PTSD?

answer

1. Avoidance of distressing memories thoughts or feelings of things associated with trauma 2. Avoidance of external reminders that arouse distressing thoughts, feelings, or memories of trauma

question

Negative thoughts/moods

answer

Negative alternation in cognitions & mood associated with trauma

question

What are the sympotoms needed (two or more) of negative thoughts/moods for PTSD?

answer

a. Inability to remember imporant aspects of trauma (dissociative amnesia) b. Persistent, exaggerated, negative beliefs ot ecpevtations about oneself, others, or the world ("I'm bad," "No one can be trusted") c. Persistent distorted cognitions about causes.consequences of trauma - lead person to blame themselves or others d. Persistent negative emotional state (e.g. fear, horror, anger, guilt, shame, etc....) e. Markedly diminished interest/participation in significant activities f. Feelings of detachment or estrangement from others g. Persistent inability to experience positive emotions

question

Chronic Arousal

answer

Marked changes in arousal and reactivirt associated with trauma

question

What are the symptoms needed (two or more) of chronic arousal for PTSD?

answer

a. Irritable behavior or angry outbursts b. Reckless or self-destructive behavior c. Hypervigilance d. Exaggerated startle response e. Difficulty concentrating f. Sleep disturbances

question

Other criteria for PTSD

answer

a. Symptom duration > 1 month b. Significant impairment c. Not due to substance or other medical condition

question

Specific Phobia

answer

Marked fear/anxiety of specific object/situation

question

What are the specific phobia specifiers?

answer

a. Animal b. Natural Event c. Blood-injection-injury d. Situational e. Other

question

Criteria for Specific Phobia

answer

a. Phobic object/situation almost always provokes immediate fear/anxiety b. Phobic object/situation actively avoided or endured w/intense fear/anxiety c. Fear/anxiety out of proportion to actual danger d. Fear/anxiety/avoidance lasts > 6 months e. Significant distress or impairment f. Symptoms not better explained by another disorder

question

Agoraphobia

answer

Fear of not being able to escape/get help (if they have a panic attack)

question

Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD)

answer

Marked fear of social situations a. Social interactions (e.g. meeting new people) b. Being observed (e.g. restaurant) c. Performance (e.g. speech)

question

Criteria for Social Anxiety Disorder

answer

a. Fear/anxiety out of proportion to actual threat b. Fear/anxiety/avoidance > 6 months c. Fear of acting in way or showing anxiety that will be negatively evaluated

question

What are the Social Anxiety Disorder specifiers?

answer

Performance only

question

Panic Disorder

answer

Recurrent unexpected panic attacks

question

What are the symptoms needed (4 or more) to be diagnosed with Panic Disorder?

answer

a. Palpitations/accelerated heart rate b. Sweating c. Trembling/shaking d. Shortness of breath/smothering e. Feelings of choking f. Chest pain/discomfort g. Nausea/abdominal distress h. Dizzy/faint i. Chills/heat j. Numbness/tingling k. Derealization/depersonalization l. Fear of losing control/"going crazy" m. Fear of dying

question

At least 1 attack followed by > 1 month of:

answer

a. Persistent concern/worry about another panic attack b. Significant maladaptive change in behavior related to attacks

question

OCD

answer

Presence of obsessions, compulsions, or both

question

Obsessions:

answer

a. Recurrent, persistent thoughts, urges, or images - cuase marked distress or anxiety b. Try to ignore or suppress or neutralize thoughts, urges, or images (may use compulsions)

question

Compulsions:

answer

a. Repetitive behaviors (e.g. checking, ordering) or mental acts (e.g. counting praying) done in response to obsession - rigid b. Behaviors or mental acts aimed at preventing or reducing anxiety/distress (Not realistically connected with dreaded event or situation or are clearly excessive)

question

Criteria of OCD

answer

a. Obsessions/compulsions are time consuming or cause significant impairment b. Not result of substance abuse c. Not caused by another mental disorder

question

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

answer

Excessive anxiety/worry more days than not for at least 6 months about a number of different events/activities (work, school, future, unlikely events)

question

Criteria of GAD

answer

a. Worry difficult to control b. Anxiety/worry has more than three of six symptoms c. Significant distress/impairment d. Not result of substance abuse e. Not caused by another medical condition

question

What are the symptoms needed (3 or more) of anxiety/worry for a diagnosis of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)?

answer

a. Reslessness/feeling keyed up or on edge b. Easily fatigued c. Difficulty concentrating d. Irritability e. Muscle tension f. Sleep disturbance

question

Depressive Disorders

answer

Core - depressed mood out of proportion to any causes

question

What are the symptoms of Depressive Disorders?

answer

a. Either depressed mood or anhedonia b. Four other symptoms c. Significant impairment d. Can be caused by substance abuse or other medical condition *** e. Comorbids f. Lack of manic and/or hypomanic episode g. Longer than two weeks - more often than not, change from previous functioning

question

Depressed Mood

answer

Most of the day, nearly every day as indicated by either subjective report (feels sad, empty, hopless) or observer report (appears tearful)

question

Anhedonia

answer

Diminished interest or pleasure in activities

question

What are the Comorbids of Depressive Disorders?

answer

Other mental disorders (Schizoaffective Disorder, Anxiety Disorders, etc. . .)

question

What are the other symptoms (at least 4 needed) for a Depressive Disorder?

answer

a. Weight - Change (5% body weight), or decrease/increase in appetite b. Sleep - insomnia or hypersomnia nearly everyday c. Behavioral tempo - psychomotor agitation or retardation (observable by others, not just your own impression) d. Fatigue - loss of engery e. Worthlessness/inappropriate guilt f. Concentration - diminished ability to think/concentrate, indecisiveness g. Suicidal ideation - recurrent ideation w/o specific plan, or suicide attempt or a specific plan to commit suicide

question

What are the 8 subtypes of Depressive Disorders?

answer

1. Anxious disress - Prominent anxiety symptoms 2. Mixed features - Presence of at least 3 manic/hypomanic symptoms, but does not meet criteria for manic episode 3. Melancholic features - Inability to experience pleasure, distinct depressed mood, depression regurlarly worse in the morning, early morning awakening, marked psychomotor retardation or agitation, significant anorexia or weight loss, excessive guilt 4. Psychotic features - Presence of mood-congruent or mood-incongruent delusions or hallucinations 5. Catatonic features - Catatonic behaviors: not actively relating to environment, mutism, posturing, agitation, mimicking another's speech or movements 6. Atypical features - Positive mood reactions to some events, significant weight gain or increase in appetite, hypersomnia, heavy or leaden feelings in arms or legs, long-standing pattern of sensitivity to interpersonal rejection 7. Seasonal pattern - History of at least 2 years in which major depressive episodes occur during one season of the year (usually the winter) and remit when the season is over 8. Peripartum onset - Onset of major depressive episode during pregnancy or in the 4 weeks following delivery

question

Emotion context insensitivity - Jonathan Rottenberg

answer

a. Attenuated reaction to positive and negative cues in environment b. Flattened behavioral responses acress a variety of contexts

question

Suicide

answer

Self-inflicted death (90/day is US)

question

What are the methods of Suicide?

answer

Various - poisoning, drowning, gunshot, cutting, etc...

question

What are the categories of Suicide?

answer

a. Completed - death b. Attempted - tried to complete suicide c. Ideation - thoughts (may include plans) - most people fall into this category

question

Non Suicidal Self Injury (NSSI)

answer

Seperate to Suicide, but related - raises tolerance/threshold for injurious behaviors (mostly found in Adolescence)

question

What are the Suicide Outbreaks?

answer

1. Suicide Cluster 2. Suicide Contagion

question

Suicide Cluster

answer

a. Primarily among adolescents b. Mass suicides - single time/place

question

Suicide Contagion

answer

a. Attempts to model behavior of friend or celebrity b. Idea of suicide more acceptable c. Lower inhibitions against suicide

question

Egoistic Suicide

answer

Committed by people who feel alienated from others, empty of social contacts, and alone in an unsupportive world

question

Anomic Suicide

answer

Committed by people who experience severe disorientation because of a major change in their relationship to society

question

Altruistic Suicide

answer

Committed by people who believe that taking their life will benefit society

question

Somatic Disorders

answer

Core: significant physical symptoms w/o physical cause

question

What are three Somatic Disorders?

answer

1. Somatic Symptom Disorder 2. Illness Anxiety Disorder 3. Factitious Disorder

question

What is the criteria of Somantic Symptom Disorder?

answer

a. Distressing or result in significant disruption of daily life b. Excessive thoughts, feelings, or behaviors related to somatic symptoms c. Symptomatic > 6 months

question

Illness Anxiety Disorder

answer

Somatic symptom disorder w/o somatic symptoms

question

Factitious Disorder

answer

a. Faking - deliberately playing "sick role" to gain medical attention b. Factitious Disorder imposed on another - individual fakes disorder on another (usually under their care) to gain attention for themselves

question

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)

answer

Two or more distinct personalities (alters) - marked discontinuity in sense of self (Related alterations in thoughts, feelings, & behaviors)

question

What is the criteria of Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)?

answer

a. 2 or more distinct personalities (alters) b. Recurrent gaps in recall of important information c. Significant impairment of daily life d. Symptoms not part of accepted cultural practice e. Not due to other medical/psychological condition or substances

question

Dissociative Amnesia

answer

Impaired recall - Inability to recall important autobiographical information

question

What is the criteria of Dissociative Amnesia?

answer

a. Usual trauma/stressful event related information b. Inconsisent with ordinary forgetting c. Significant impairment d. Not due to other medical condition e. Not better accounted for by other psychological disorder

question

Psychogenic Amnesia

answer

- Caused by psychological factor - Sledom involves anterograde amnesia (inability to learn new information acquired since onset of amnesia) - Can involve retrograde amnesia (inabillity to remember events from the past) - Retrograde amnesia often only for personal information, not for gerneral information

question

Organic Amnesia

answer

- Caused by biological factors (such as disease, drugs, and blows to head) - Often involves anterograde amnesia - Can involve retrograde amnesia - Retrograde amnesia usually for both personal and general information

question

(T/F) An individual can be diagnosed with PTSD if their symptoms are caused by drinking too much alcohol.

answer

False

question

Panic disorder requires a panic attack to be followed by at least one month of _____________.

answer

Persistent concern about having another panic attack

question

The obsessions and compulsions of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) _____________.

answer

- May not be realistically connected witht he dreaded situation - Are time consuming - Cause significant impairment

question

(T/F) The following are symptoms of depression: - Anhedonia - Hypersomnia - Psychomotor retardation

answer

True

question

Continuum Model of Abnormality

answer

The continuum model of normality suggests that all behavior falls along a continuum from normal to abnormal and that we make subjective judgments of where to draw the line between normality and abnormality

question

Categorical Model of Abnormality

answer

Diagnostic criteria defined where normality ends and psychopathology begins

question

Latent Measurement Models

answer

Symptoms of a mental disorder are present but not visible, apparent, or actualized; existing as potential - "Mental illness" implies biological origins or disease process - No biological test available to diagnose - No common biological origin identified yet

question

Emergent Measurement Models

answer

Psychopathology as collections of problems in cognition, emotional dysregulation, and social behavior - Other influences on labeling of behavior as "abnormal" a. Quality b. Quantity c. Culture

question

Culture Relativism

answer

The view that there are no universal standards or rules for labeling a behavior abnormal; instead, behaviors can be labeled abnormal only relative to cultural norms - No objective truth - "Normality" and "Abnormality" defined by culture

question

Szasz

answer

Societies throughout history use label of "abnormality" to control - Hitler labeled Jewish individuals as abnormal - Cartwright (1851) - drapetomania

question

Drapetomania

answer

A supposed mental illness described by physician Samuel A. Cartwright in 1851 that caused black slaves to flee captivity.

question

Critical Realism

answer

Absence of absolute truth, there are better options

question

4 D's of Abnormality

answer

Dysfunctional Distress Deviant Dangerous (Framing)

question

Dysfunctional

answer

In defining abnormality, there is functional impairment/interference with everyday life

question

Distress

answer

In defining abnormality, symptoms cause emotional or physical pain to themselves or others

question

Deviant

answer

In defining abnormality, depart markedly from expected social behavior

question

Dangerous

answer

In defining abnormality, there is a potential for harm

question

Framing

answer

In defining abnormality, all symptoms can be framed by quality, quantity, and culture

question

Testing

answer

Some assessment tools (tests) are based on the assumption that behaviors or feelings lie along a continuum--the task is to determine where an individual's experiences fall along that continuum

question

Assessment

answer

Systematic methods of gathering/incorporating information about a person to arrive at a diagnosis a. Background (previous medical and psychiatric history) b. Current life situation i. Living situation ii. Stressors iii. What makes them seek assessment now? c. Nature/course of current symptoms i. Onset/duration ii. Impairment/severity iii. Quantity/frequency iv. Cognitions/affect OR thoughts/feelings

question

Diagnosis

answer

- A label for a set of symptoms that often occur together - Meaningful descriptor that conveys information about a person's mental disorder/illness

question

Symptom Inventories

answer

Checklists of symptoms associated with disorders - BDI-II, BAI - ASEBA

question

BDI-II

answer

Beck Depression Inventory

question

BAI

answer

Beck Anxiety Inventory

question

ASEBA

answer

Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment

question

Personality Inventories

answer

Assess people's typical ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving (personality)

question

Intelligence Tests

answer

Measure intellectual strengths and weaknesses

question

Neuropsychological Tests

answer

Detect specific cognitive deficits (i.e. visual-spatial ability)

question

Imaging Techniques (fMRI, CT, PET, SPECT)

answer

Identify specific organic abnormality - Caveat is that there is no singular identified organic abnormality associated with most traditionally identified mental disorders

question

Projective Tests

answer

Present ambiguous stimuli and have person interpret according to their own current concerns, feelings, and underlying desires - Example is the Rorschach Inkblot Test

question

Validity

answer

Accuracy of measure

question

Construct Validity

answer

Does the test measure what it is supposed to measure

question

Content Validity

answer

Test assess all important aspects of a phenomenon

question

Predictive Validity

answer

Test predicts the behavior it was suppose to measure

question

Concurrent Validity

answer

Test yields the same results as other measures of the same behaviors, thoughts, or feelings

question

Discriminant Validity

answer

Test yields different results as other measures of different behaviors, thoughts, or feelings

question

Reliability

answer

Precision; does measure provide consistent information about a person

question

Test-Retest Reliability

answer

Test produces similar results when given at two points in time - More information for trait-like measurement models

question

Alternate Form Reliability

answer

Two versions of same test produce similar results

question

Internal Reliability

answer

Different parts of same test produce similar results

question

Inter-Rater Reliability

answer

Two or more raters or judges who administer and score a test come to similar conclusions

question

Clinical Interviews

answer

Gather information about individual a. Mental Status i. Dress ii. Behavior iii. Orientation (inforGathermally: 3 spheres - person, place, time, formally - Mini-Mental Status Exam) iv. Thought content/organization

question

Three Types of Clinical Interviews

answer

1. Unstructured 2. Semi-Structured 3. Structured - Standardized format (SCID - Structured Clinical Interview for DSM)

question

Incorporating Multiple Informants in Assessments

answer

1. Traditional use - populations with impaired ability to self-report i. Children ii. Psychosis iii. Dementia 2. See chart on slide 6 i. Validity/Insight - question accuracy of self-report ii. Generalizability/Context - question reliability of self-report across time/situations

question

What is the goal of incorporating multiple informants in assessments?

answer

To improve assessments regardless of DSM criteria

question

Scientific Method

answer

Series of steps designed to obtain and evaluate information relevant to a problem in a systematic way

question

Hypothesis

answer

Testable statement of what we predict will happen in the study i. Null (H0) ii. Alternate (H1)

question

Experiment/Methods

answer

Makes implications about the phenomena under study Ex. Using self-report vs. fMRI to study depression therapy efficacy

question

What is the difference between a cross- sectional study and a longitudinal study?

answer

Cross-sectional studies assess a sample at one point in time, while longitudinal studies assess a sample at multiple points in time. A longitudinal study assesses a sample that is expected to have some future key event both before and after the event, then examines changes that occurred in the sample

question

What is linear change in longitudinal research?

answer

Stable trajectory over time (looks like line), change is same across whole study period

question

What is nonlinear change in longitudinal research?

answer

Non-stable trajectory over time (all over the place), change differs across whole study period

question

Discontinuous

answer

Change is 0 before and after event

question

Case Studies

answer

In-depth histories of the experiences of individuals

question

Benefits of case studies

answer

1. Capture uniqueness of individual 2. Study rare disorders

question

Limitations of case studies

answer

1. Generalizability - uniqueness may not apply to others 2. Lack of objectivity - both person with disorder & clinician may selectively attend to information

question

Correlational Study

answer

Examines the relationship between two variables without manipulating either variable - Correlation DOES NOT equal causation

question

Magnitude/Strength

answer

Degree to which variables move in tandem with one another

question

Correlation Coefficient

answer

Statistic used to indicate the degree of relationship between two variables (-1.00 to +1.00)

question

Epidemiological Studies

answer

Study frequency and distribution of disorder in populations

question

What 3 types of data epidemiological studies focus on?

answer

1. Prevalence - Proportion of population with disorder 2. Incidence - Number of new cases of disorder during specific time 3. Risk Factors - Conditions/variables that are associated with a higher risk of having a disorder

question

Meta-Analysis

answer

Statistical technique for summarizing results across several studies

question

Effect Size

answer

How big the differences are between two groups (Cohen's d)

question

Psychosis

answer

Unable to tell difference between real & unreal

question

What is the prevalence of psychotic disorder?

answer

1-2% of the population

question

What is the stigma/popular portrayal of people with psychotic disorder?

answer

That they are much more likely to be victims rather than perpetrators of crime

question

Schizophrenia Spectrum

answer

DSM-5 recognized continuum of psychotic disorders by listing of disorders

question

Schizophrenia Spectrum 5 domains of symptoms

answer

i. Quality (severity) & quantity (frequency) of symptoms distinguish these disorders ii. Positive symptoms (4 types) - represent overt expressions of unusual perceptions, thought, & behaviors 1. Delusions 2. Hallucinations 3. Disorganized thoughts/speech 4. Disorganized/abnormal behavior (catatonia) iii. Negative symptoms (1 type) 1. Restricted emotional expression/affect

question

What is the core definition of delusions?

answer

Beliefs or ideas an individual believes are true, but they are highly unlikely or impossible - Continuum (self-deceptions --> delusions)

question

Self-deceptions

answer

- Unlikely, but possible (e.g. winning lottery) - Think about them occasionally - Can acknowledge you are wrong

question

Delusions

answer

- Impossible (e.g. died 7 years ago) - Preoccupied with delusional thoughts - Look for evidence to support their beliefs - Try to convince others of beliefs - Take actions based on beliefs - Highly resistant to acknowledging beliefs are wrong

question

Hallucinations

answer

Unreal perceptual experiences a. 15% healthy college students b. Psychotic disorders - hallucinations more frequent, bizarre, complex, persistent

question

Auditory Hallucinations

answer

Hearing things that aren't really there - Most common - Origin is either outside or inside a person's head

question

Visual Hallucinations

answer

Seeing things that aren't really there - Usual accompanies by auditory hallucinations

question

Tactile Hallucinations

answer

Feeling things that aren't there - Origin is either outside or inside body (bugs on skin, worms in stomach)

question

Smell/Taste Hallucinations

answer

Less common - usually associated with content of other sensations (e.g. bugs on skin crawling into mouth & having bad taste)

question

Formal Thought Disorder

answer

Official name of disorganized thoughts/speech

question

Word Salad

answer

Speech so disorganized it is incoherent to the listener

question

Neologisms

answer

Make up words that mean something only to the person

question

Clangs

answer

Associate words based on sound of words rather than content

question

Catatonia

answer

Disorganized behavior that reflects unresponsiveness to environment a. Negativism - not responding to instructions b. Posture - rigid, inappropriate, bizarre c. Mutism - not making verbal or motor responses

question

Negativism

answer

- Restricted affect and avolition/asociality - "Negative symptoms" - loss of certain qualities of person

question

Restricted affect

answer

Severe reduction/absence of emotional expression i. Fewer facial expressions ii. Poor eye contact iii. Fewer gestures to communicate iv. Flat tone of voice

question

Avolition

answer

Inability to initiate or persist at common, goal-directed activities i. Physical slowness ii. Compromised personal hygiene iii. Asociality - lack of desire to interact with other people

question

Criteria for Schizophrenia

answer

1. Two or more of the following present for a significant portion of time during a 1-month period (at least 1 must be a, b, or c) a. Delusions b. Hallucination c. Disorganized thought/speech d. Disorganized/abnormal behavior (catatonia) e. Negative symptoms 2. Significant impairment (representing change from previous functioning) 3. Symptoms last at least 6 months a. At least 1 month active phase (symptoms) b. Possible prodromal & residual symptoms - negative symptoms + milder/fewer positive symptoms i. Prodromal (before acute phase) ii. Residual (after acute phase) 4. Symptoms not better explained by other disorder 5. Not due to substance or other medical condition

question

Schizoaffective Disorder

answer

Schizophrenia + major mood episode (major depressive or manic episode)

question

Schizophreniform Disorder

answer

Schizophrenia symptoms for 1-6 months

question

Brief Psychotic Disorder

answer

Schizophrenia symptoms for at least 1 day to 1 month, eventually full return to premorbid functioning levels

question

Personality

answer

Relatively stable, enduring patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behavior

question

Personality traits/dispositions are:

answer

a. latent - can only be inferred from behaviors b. relatively stable, highly consistent (consistency coefficients) c. exert widely generalized causal effects on behavior 1. lead to consistency in person's behavior across situations d. variability of behavior across situations = error 1. error addressed using aggregation of large # of observations 2. finding a person's "true" personality requires you to take out "error" of situation e. used people's rank-order in situation vs. absolute levels of a trait to counter situational influences

question

Situationalists

answer

Situation is a fundamental unit of personality science ("personalityless" view of man)

question

Traits

answer

Descriptive summary of observed behavior a. Extension of "trait" term to other situations based purely on actuarial/statistical probabilities 1. "trait" is causally neutral 2. NOT underlying psychic property of person

question

Attribution Bias

answer

Research shows people believe traits are responsible for behavior when they are not (tripping example)

question

Confirmation Bias

answer

People persist with initial impression, even when it's wrong

question

Self-fulfilling Prophecy

answer

People elicit expected behaviors in individuals

question

If...Then Contingencies

answer

Conditional frequency of behavior is a fundamental unit of personality

question

Cluster A

answer

Odd-Eccentric PDs

question

Cluster B

answer

Dramatic-Emotional PDs

question

Cluster C

answer

Anxious-Fearful PDs

question

Five-Factor Model

answer

A dimensional perspective that posits that everyone's personality is organized along five broad personality traits, or factors.

question

PDs of Cluster A

answer

- Paranoid PD - Schizoid PD - Schizotypal PD

question

Paranoid PD

answer

Pattern of pervasive distrust and suspiciousness in others

question

Schizoid PD

answer

Pervasive detachment from social relationships & restricted range of emotional expression when interacting with others

question

Schizotypal PD

answer

Personality disorder with symptoms similar to schizophrenia

question

PDs of Cluster B

answer

- Antisocial PD - Borderline PD - Histrionic PD - Narcissistic PD

question

Antisocial PD

answer

Pervasive pattern - disregard for & violation of rights of others (since age 15)

question

Borderline PD

answer

Pervasive pattern - instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, affect, & marked impulsivity

question

Histrionic PD

answer

Pervasive pattern - excessive emotionality and attention seeking

question

Narcissistic PD

answer

Pervasive pattern - grandiosity, need for admiration, & lack of empathy

question

PDs of Cluster C

answer

- Avoidant PD - Dependent PD - Obsessive Compulsive PD

question

Avoidant PD

answer

Pervasive pattern - social inhibition, feelings or inadequacy, & hypersensitivity to negative emotion

question

Dependent PD

answer

Pervasive pattern - need to be taken care of; leads to submissive/clingy behavior & fears of seperation

question

Obsessive Compulsive PD

answer

Pervasive pattern - preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, & mental/interpersonal control at expense of flexibility, openness, & efficiency

question

Autism Spectrum Disorder

answer

- No more Asperger's Syndrome - Symptoms must be present in early developmental period (may not be present until social demands increase later in life or may be masked by learned strategies later in life) - Persistent social deficits - deficits in social communication and social interactions between/within multiple contexts (all symptoms must be present) a. Social-emotional reciprocity b. Nonverbal behaviors used for social interactions c. Developing, maintaining, & understanding relationships

Abnormal Psychology – Final Exam – Cumulative – Flashcards

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