A People’s History of the United States- Chapters 1-4 – Flashcards
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Explorer financed by Spain. Originally looking for trade route to the Far east as well as sources of gold.
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Christopher Columbus
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The need for sea routes was prompted by the thought that their was _________
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"Gold in Asia"
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Previously unknown continents
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The Americas
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33 days after their departure from Europe, Rodrido, a sailor, spots land in __________
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October, 1492
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Natives of Islands (Bahamas) that Columbus landed on
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Arawak Indians
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The two resources that was presented by America
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"Slaves and Gold"
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Large estates that used slaves as slave labor
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Encomiendas
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The ____________, was considered his skill as a navigator and explorer.
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"Heroism of Columbus"
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Civilization that Cortes Ran into, they were very religious, even mistaking Cortes for a religious figure.
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Aztec Civilization
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Man god of the Aztecs
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Quetzalcoatl
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Leader of the Aztec Nations
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Montezuma
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the primitive accumulation of capital
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In ____________ Richard Greenville (of England) arrived in No. America with 7 ships.
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1585
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Colonial Settlement, set inside Indian territory
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Jamestown
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Leader of the Indian Confederacy that occupied the area around Jamestown. Later refused to give up defected settlers after the Winter of 1610 (led to armed conflict).
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Powhatan
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Winter of 1610- food shortages, many settlers ran off and joined Indians
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"the starving time"
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Helped found and govern Jamestown. His leadership and strict discipline helped the Virginia colony get through the difficult first winter. In 1607 a plea went out to him from Powhatan to find a peaceful solution to armed conflicts.
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John Smith
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Settlers that settled in Massachusetts Bay, left England for religious reasons.
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Pilgrims
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Governor of Mass Bay (City on Hill to spread Puritan thought).Declared area around the Mass Bay colony to be a vacuum, declaring that he had a natural right to it, and thus didn't have to subdue the Indians on it.
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John Winthrop
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Occupied the area around Puritan settlements. Fought a war with the Puritans after being accused of murdering a trader and Indian kidnapper.
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Pequot Indians
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attacked by bostonians on block island
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Narragansett Indians
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Puritan Theologian
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Cotton Mather
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Chief of the Wampanoag Indians who led an attack on villages throughout New England. This was the largest conflict in 1675. English launched war against him on the grounds of muder committed by him, English claimed the war was preventative.
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Metacom
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Tactic of the British, Total War-like
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Annihilation
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Population decline of Indians in North America after Wars
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10 million to 1 million
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Population decline of Wampanoag Indians due only to European diseases
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3000 to 313
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Connected Asia to North America/
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Bering Straight Land Bridge
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Thee number of Indians in the Americas when Columbus came
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75 million
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Indians in the Ohio River Valley, declined in 500 AD
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Moundbuilders
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Confederation of Indian tribes
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League of the Iroquois
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Mohawk Chief, a leader of the Iroquois
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Hiawatha
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In Iroquois society they chose the 49 chiefs for the Ruling Council
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Women
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Groups of families, 12 or more groups to a tribe
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Clans
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First slaves ship brings 20 slaves
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1619
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Division between blacks and whites
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"the color line"
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First settlement of about 100, little food, many lived in caves/holes in the ground.
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Jamestown Colony
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the first elected legislative assembly in the New World established in the Colony of Virginia in 1619, representative colony set up by England to make laws and levy taxes but England could veto its legistlative acts.
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House of Burgesses
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Need for this was required to avoid another period of starvation
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labor in Virginia
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No private property- as in African Society
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Communal life
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Number of blacks transported to America to be slaves
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10-15 million
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Developed as blacks and whites (esp. those in servitude). Became "practical" as the need arose for black to stay separate from whites to prevent united uprising.
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Racism
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considered foul in general, maybe another cause of racism
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the color black
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Slavers could double their investment in a single trip to Africa. Cheap labor.
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Profitability of slavery
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As blacks' heritage was destroyed they were reduced to a "society of helpless dependents" -know as this
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Sambos
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Slave code that eventually came together in 1705 and served as an example for other colonies. Children were not born free, Christian baptisms did not free slaves, and masters could inflict life-threatening violence.
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Virginia Slave code
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(1712) Uprising of approximately two dozen slaves that resulted in the deaths of nine whites and the brutal execution of 21 participating blacks
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New York Slave Revolt
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An uprising of 20 slaves who attacked plantation owners. This caused plantation owners to be stricter on slaves.
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Stono Rebellion
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Awareness of belonging to a particular socioeconomic class whose interests are different from those of others
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Class Consciousness
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Planter who led a rebellion in 1676 against the governor of the Virginia Colony
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Nathaniel Bacon
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an uprising in 1676 in the Virginia Colony, led by Nathaniel Bacon. It was the first rebellion in the American colonies in which discontented frontiersmen took part; a similar uprising in Maryland occurred later that year. The uprising was a protest against the governor of Virginia, William Berkeley.
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Bacon's Rebellion
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a Governor of Virginia, appointed by King Charles I, of whom he was a favorite. He was governor from 1641-1652 and 1660-1677. Berkeley enacted friendly policies towards the Indians that led to Bacon's Rebellion in 1676.
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William Berkeley
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Suggested that their was a class in society that was better off during the Hard Times of 1676
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"Six parts of seaven"
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populist resentment against rich, hatred of indians and unjust taxes
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Bacon's Declaration of the People
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colonists who received free passage to North America in exchange for working without pay for a certain number of years
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Indentured servants
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class lines
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Fundamental Constitutions
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John Locke
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John Winthrop
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New York Feudalism
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Primary nationality of new immigrants
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Scottish, Irish, German
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British practice of taking American sailors from American ships and forcing them into the British navy; a factor in the War of 1812.
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Impressment
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Thomas Hutchinson
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Carolina Indian Tribes
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Biracial children
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Racism was practice
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The Seven Years War
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an act passed by the British parliment in 1756 that raised revenue from the American colonies by a duty in the form of a stamp required on all newspapers and legal or commercial documents
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Stamp Act
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It was a movement during the 1760's by western North Carolinians, mainly Scots-Irish, that resented the way that the Eastern part of the state dominated political affairs. They believed that the tax money was being unevenly distributed. Many of its members joined the American Revolutionists.
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Regulator Movement
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Sons of Liberty
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political group in boston. merchants distillers master craftsmen shipowners who opposed the stamp act. made a procession in 1765 to protest it. 2-3 thousand protestors(no negroes) burned stampmasters effigy. when the loyal nine leaders left the crowd destroyed masters property. loyal nine denounced this
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Loyal Nine
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Town Meetings
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March 5, 1770
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Boston Massacre
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John Adams
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Coercive Acts
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Organization founded by Samuel Adams consisting of a system of communication between patriot leaders in New England and throughout the colonies
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Committees of Correspondence
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Patrick Henery
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Edmund Randolph
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Thomas Paine
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Common Sense
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1066
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time for independence
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Tis time to part
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Robert Morris
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The Declaration of Independence
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laws passed in 1767 that taxed goods such as glass, paper, paint, lead, and tea
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Townshend Acts
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Continental Congress
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first "battles"; meant to get suppies from militia, but shots exchanged between minutemen and the british as the british continued to concord.
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Lexington and Concord
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John Locke
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Second Treatise on Government
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a 1739 uprising of slaves in South Carolina, leading to the tightening of already harsh slave laws
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Stono Rebellion
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Conscription
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French Alliance
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Yorktown
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Loyalists
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Pontiac's Conspiracy
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Treaty of Greenville
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African-American scientist who taught himself math and astronomy. He also helped design the capitol in Washington D.C.
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Benjamin Banneker
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The 55 men
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Men without land, Women, Slaves, Indentured Servants
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this conflict in Massachusetts caused many to criticize the Articles of Confederation and admit the weak central government was not working; uprising led by Daniel Shays in an effort to prevent courts from foreclosing on the farms of those who could not pay the taxes
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Shays' Rebellion
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Alexander Hamilton
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Federalist Paper #10
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Federalist Paper #63
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33% and 3%
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a statement of fundamental rights and privileges (especially the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution)
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Bill of Rights
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The constitutional amendment that establishes the four great liberties: freedom of the press, of speech, of religion, and of assembly.
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First Amendment
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Made it a crime to criticize the government or government officials. Opponents claimed that it violated citizens' rights to freedom of speech and freedom of the press, gauranteed by the First Amednment.
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Sedition Act
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Congress passed a tax on American-made whiskey in March 1791, this was part of Hamilton's plan to try and raise money to help pay off the national debt (and raise money for Bond refunds, those bonds were held by the wealthy)
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Whiskey Tax
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the Invisible half of America. Not included in the declaration of independence or the constitution.
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Women
