Living Environment Chapter 15 – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Which of the following has the disadvantage of possibly bringing two recessive alleles together and causing a genetic defect? a. transformation b. hybridization c. inbreeding d. genetic engineering
answer
inbreeding
question
Which of the following explains how teosinte may have been selectively bred to produce corn? a. Teosinte plants were hybridized with corn plants, and the resulting hybrids with the desired traits were inbred. b. Teosinte plants with the desired traits were hybridized until the best trait combination appeared, then the offspring were inbred. c. Teosinte plants were randomly bred until the desired traits appeared, then the offspring were hybridized. d. Teosinte plants with similar characteristics were inbred until the desired traits were produced.
answer
Teosinte plants with the desired traits were hybridized until the best trait combination appeared, then the offspring were inbred.
question
To create animals that have the characteristics of both species, some people have bred buffalo and cattle together. This is an example of a. inbreeding b. hybridization c. genetic engineering d. transformation
answer
hybridization
question
To produce animals with certain desirable characteristics by selective breeding, humans take advantage of a. the ideal traits produced by genetic engineering. b. drugs and radiation that can cause new mutations to arise. c. recombinant plasmids with foreign DNA. d. the natural variations that exist among individuals.
answer
the natural variations that exist among individuals
question
Which of the following could include all the others? a. selective breeding b. induced mutations c. hybridization d. inbreeding
answer
selective breeding
question
Certain drugs can be used in plant breeding to make polyploid plants. These drugs a. change the number of chromosomes found in cells. b. change eukaryotic plants into prokaryotic plants. c. frequently cause mutations, which create new alleles and genes. d. insert foreign DNA into plant chromosomes.
answer
change the number of chromosomes found in cells.
question
Suppose a bacterial culture was transformed with recombinant plasmids containing a gene for resistance to penicillin. The bacterial culture was then treated with penicillin. Which of the following statements will happen to the transformed bacteria? a. They will under go PCR. b. They will live. c. They will become polyploid. d. They will die
answer
They will live.
question
During transformation, a. the chromosome of a bacterium is mutated. b. a prokaryote is changed into a eukaryote. c. foreign DNA is inserted into a plasmid. d. a cell takes in DNA from outside the cell.
answer
a cell takes in DNA from outside the cell.
question
Which protein creates DNA fragments with sticky ends? a. DNA polymerase b. DNA ligase c. restriction enzyme d. lysozyme
answer
restriction enzyme
question
A gene that makes it possible to distinguish bacteria that have been transformed by a plasmid from those that have not is called a. a resistance gene. b. a genetic marker. c. a clone. d. an antibiotic.
answer
a genetic marker.
question
Which of the following joins two pieces of DNA together? a. plasmid b. DNA ligase c. restriction enzyme d. genetic marker
answer
DNA ligase
question
What does Figure 15-1 represent? a. polymerase chain reaction being used to copy DNA b. gel electrophoresis being used to sequence DNA c. an enzyme being used to cut DNA d. hybridization being used to manipulate DNA
answer
an enzyme being used to cut DNA
question
Which of the following correctly describes the polymerase chain reaction? a. DNA is heated to separate the strand, then primers are added. DNA polymerase then builds new strands in the region between the primers. b. A piece of DNA is cut with restriction enzymes into smaller pieces. DNA ligase is then used to join the pieces together. c. A restriction enzyme cuts a plasmid, and an antibiotic resistance gene is added. The plasmid is then used to transform bacteria. d. The gene for the GFP protein is inserted into a bacterial genome. The bacteria then make the protein and pass the gene to their offspring.
answer
DNA is heated to separate the strand, then primers are added. DNA polymerase then builds new strands in the region between the primers.
question
The process of making changes in the DNA code of a living organism is called a. genetic engineering. b. selective breeding. c. hybridization. d. inbreeding.
answer
genetic engineering.
question
A DNA molecule produced by combining DNA from different sources is known as a. a hybrid. b. a polyploid. c. a mutant. d. recombinant DNA.
answer
recombinant DNA.
question
What is the role of primers in PCR? a. They allow for the insertion of antibiotic resistance genes, so scientists can select the bacteria that have been transformed. b. They separate the DNA strands and hold them apart, to create room for DNA polymerase molecules. c. They add new nucleotides to build complementary strands of DNA based on the original template. d. They create a place for DNA polymerase to start its work building new DNA strands.
answer
They create a place for DNA polymerase to start its work building new DNA strands.
question
Which of the following would require the use of recombinant DNA? a. Crossing two apple trees to create better apples. b. Creating a polyploid banana tree. c. Breeding a donkey and a horse to make a mule. d. Engineering bacteria that produce human insulin.
answer
Engineering bacteria that produce human insulin.
question
Why are plasmids so widely used in recombinant DNA studies? a. because it is difficult to insert new genes into them b. because they can be used to transform bacteria c. because they naturally contain much foreign DNA d. because they cannot be cut with restriction enzymes
answer
because they can be used to transform bacteria
question
Why is inserting plasmids in yeast more complex than inserting them into bacteria? a. Yeasts are inbred. b. Yeasts are prokaryotes. c. Yeasts are hybrids. d. Yeasts are eukaryotes.
answer
Yeasts are eukaryotes.
question
A plant cell is successfully transformed if a. a plasmid enters the cell and the cell breaks down the plasmid. b. the cell integrates foreign DNA into one of its chromosomes. c. the cell reproduces normal offspring, which also produce offspring. d. a plasmid is unable to enter the cell.
answer
the cell integrates foreign DNA into one of its chromosomes
question
Which of the following is a pair of transgenic organisms? a. a Bt corn plant and a polyploid banana tree b. bacteria that make human insulin and a Bt corn plant c. a hybridized peach tree and a polyploid banana tree d. a hybridized peach tree and bacteria that
answer
bacteria that make human insulin and a Bt corn plant
question
Dolly is a sheep produced by cloning. Which of the following is a difference between Dolly and animals produced by sexual reproduction? a. The DNA molecules in each of Dolly's cells are identical. b. The source of Dolly's DNA is a single cell taken from an adult individual. c. Dolly has a mix of genes from her foster mother and the sheep that donated a nucleus of one of its cells. d. Dolly is genetically identical to her offspring.
answer
The source of Dolly's DNA is a single cell taken from an adult individual.
question
What kind of technique do scientists use to make transgenic organisms? a. genetic engineering b. inbreeding c. hybridization d. inducing of mutations
answer
genetic engineering
question
What is an advantage of using transgenic bacteria to produce human proteins? a. The human proteins produced by transgenic bacteria last longer than those produced by humans. b. Transgenic bacteria can produce human proteins in large amounts. c. Transgenic bacteria can produce human proteins used to make plastics. d. The human proteins produced by transgenic bacteria work better than those produced by humans.
answer
Transgenic bacteria can produce human proteins in large amounts.
question
To produce transgenic bacteria that make insulin, which of the steps listed below would a scientist do FIRST? a. Transform bacteria with the recombinant plasmid. b. Cut out the insulin gene from human DNA. c. Insert the human insulin gene into a plasmid. d. Extract the insulin from the bacterial culture.
answer
Cut out the insulin gene from human DNA.
question
Which of the following is made with recombinant DNA technology and helps farmers use less insecticide? a. Ht cotton b. selectively bred cotton c. hybridized cotton d. Bt cotton
answer
Bt cotton
question
Which of these is NOT a way in which a GM animals contribute to an increased food supply? a. Cows have increased milk production because they have been injected with hormones made by recombinant bacteria. b. Genetically modified pigs have been engineered, and they produce more lean meat than non-GM pigs. c. Bacteria are engineered to produce human insulin, which is administered to people with diabetes. d. Growth hormone genes have been used to make transgenic salmon, which grow much more quickly than wild salmon.
answer
Bacteria are engineered to produce human insulin, which is administered to people with diabetes
question
GM crops that produce a higher yield per plant than unmodified crops would a. produce less food and require more land. b. produce less food for the same acreage. c. produce more food but would use more land. d. produce more food for the same acreage.
answer
produce more food for the same acreage.
question
What has been an advantage of producing transgenic plants? a. studying human genes b. increasing the food supply c. using more pesticides d. producing clones
answer
increasing the food supply
question
Scientists have used genes from spiders to genetically engineer goats that produce silk strands along with their milk. Which of the following is true of the silk made by the goats? a. It is slightly different than the silk made by the spiders because the genes are read differently by the goat's cells. b. It is very different from the silk made by the spiders because goat cells are very different from spider cells. c. It is identical to silk produced by the spiders because the genetic code is universal. d. It is heavier than the silk made the spiders because goats are larger animals than spiders.
answer
It is identical to silk produced by the spiders because the genetic code is universal.
question
Why would the procedure in Figure 15-2 be performed? a. to identify a parent b. to treat a genetic disease c. to clone an animal d. to identify active genes
answer
to treat a genetic disease
question
The procedure illustrated in Figure 15-2 is an example of a. gene therapy. b. DNA finger printing. c. cloning. d. genetic testing
answer
gene therapy.
question
Imagine that you are scientist studying skin cancer cells. Which biotechnology technique could you use if you wanted to compare the activity levels of hundreds of genes in skin cancer cells to their activity levels in normal skin cells? a. genetic testing b. DNA fingerprinting c. DNA microarray d. gene therapy
answer
DNA microarray
question
Gene therapy is successful if the a. replacement gene is expressed in the person's cells. b. viruses carrying the replacement gene infect the person's cells. c. replacement gene is successfully spliced to viral DNA. d. replacement gene is replicated in the person's cells.
answer
replacement gene is expressed in the person's cells
question
What process can prospective parents use to determine if they are carrying recessive alleles for disease? a. gene therapy b. Agrobacterium transformation. c. genetic testing d. DNA fingerprinting
answer
genetic testing
question
The use of DNA fingerprinting relies on the fact that a. the most important genes are different among most people. b. DNA fingerprints from different people can look very similar. c. no two people, except identical twins, have exactly the same DNA. d. most genes used for identification are dominant.
answer
no two people, except identical twins, have exactly the same DNA.
question
What conclusion CANNOT be made from two DNA fingerprints that show identical patterns of bands? a. The corresponding bands on the fingerprints are made of DNA fragments that are the same length. b. The DNA fragments in both fingerprints were separated by their sizes. c. The DNA in both fingerprints almost certainly came from the same person. d. The DNA in both fingerprints definitely came from two different people.
answer
The DNA in both fingerprints definitely came from two different people.
question
What is shown in Figure 15-3? a. recombinant plasmids b. DNA fingerprints c. microarrays d. engineered viruses
answer
DNA fingerprints
question
Which of the following correctly describes how DNA fingerprinting of certain genes can be used to establish familial relationships? a. Plasmid DNA is used to look for links from a girl to her mother, and the Y chromosome is used to look for links to her father. b. Mitochondrial DNA is used to look for links from a girl to her mother, and plasmid DNA is used to look for links to her father. c. The Y chromosome is used to look for links from a son to his mother, and mitochondrial DNA is used to look for links to his father. d. Mitochondrial DNA is used to look for links from a son to his mother, and the Y chromosome is used to look for links to his father.
answer
Mitochondrial DNA is used to look for links from a son to his mother, and the Y chromosome is used to look for links to his father.
question
Farmers growing Bt corn can use more insecticide than farmers growing the same amount of non-GM corn. a. True b. False
answer
False
question
Transgenic plants are often used to simulate humans in medical tests. a. True b. False
answer
False
