question

Psychiatrists and psychologists label behavior as disordered when it is: A) aggressive, persistent, and intentional. B) selfish, habitual, and avoidable. C) deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional. D) biologically influenced, unconsciously motivated, and difficult to change.

answer

C) deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional

question

Inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity are major symptoms of: A) OCD. B) PTSD. C) ADHD. D) DID.

answer

C) ADHD

question

According to the medical model, psychological disorders are: A) sicknesses that need to be diagnosed and cured. B) maladaptive responses to a troubling environment. C) purely imaginary symptoms of distress. D) learned habits that need to be extinguished.

answer

A) sicknesses that need to be diagnosed and cured

question

The DSM-IV does not: A) include a classification of personality disorders. B) explain the causes of the various psychological disorders. C) include a very broad range of psychological disorders. D) provide reliable guidelines for diagnosing psychological disorders.

answer

B) explain the causes of the various psychological disorders

question

A generalized anxiety disorder is characterized by: A) offensive and unwanted thoughts that persistently preoccupy a person. B) a continuous state of tension, apprehension, and autonomic nervous system arousal. C) hyperactive, wildly optimistic states of emotion. D) alternations between extreme hopelessness and unrealistic optimism.

answer

B) a continuous state of tension, apprehension, and autonomic nervous system arousal

question

While he was studying, Matthew was suddenly overwhelmed by feelings of intense apprehension. For several minutes he felt so agitated that he could not catch his breath. Matthew was most likely suffering from: A) bipolar disorder. B) a panic attack. C) obsessive-compulsive disorder. D) a delusion.

answer

B) a panic attack

question

Kaylee is so afraid of spiders and insects that she avoids most outdoor activities and even refuses to go to the basement of her own house alone. Kaylee appears to suffer from: A) obsessive-compulsive disorder. B) a dissociative disorder. C) bipolar disorder. D) a phobia.

answer

D) a phobia

question

Mrs. Swift is alarmed by her own intrusive and irrational thoughts that her house is contaminated by germs. Her experience best illustrates the agitating effects of: A) mania. B) an obsession. C) agoraphobia. D) panic disorder.

answer

B) an obsession

question

The billionaire aviator Howard Hughes insisted that his assistants carry out elaborate hand-washing rituals and wear white gloves when handling any document he would later touch. His behavior best illustrated the symptoms of: A) antisocial personality disorder. B) obsessive-compulsive disorder. C) bipolar disease. D) schizophrenia.

answer

B) obsessive-compulsive disorder

question

Repeatedly washing your hands is to ________ as repeatedly thinking about your own death is to ________. A) dissociation; schizophrenia B) mania; depression C) phobia; delusion D) compulsion; obsession

answer

D) compulsion; obsession

question

Melissa is fearful of men and refuses to go out on dates. Her therapist suggests that she is fearful because she was sexually abused by her father when she was young. The therapist's suggestion most clearly reflects a ________ perspective. A) humanistic B) learning C) biological D) psychoanalytic

answer

B) learning

question

Luke suffers from acrophobia, a fear of high places. Luke's therapist suggests that his reaction to heights is a generalization of the fear triggered by a childhood playground accident in which he fell off a sliding board. The therapist's suggestion reflects a ________ perspective. A) learning B) psychoanalytic C) humanistic D) biological

answer

A_ learning

question

Disruptions in conscious awareness and sense of identity are most characteristic of ________ disorders. A) bipolar B) obsessive-compulsive C) generalized anxiety D) dissociative

answer

D) dissociative

question

Evidence that symptoms of dissociative identity disorder are triggered by the suggestions and leading questions of therapists most clearly points out the importance of ________ in the onset of this disorder. A) learned helplessness B) repression C) childhood sexual trauma D) role-playing

answer

D) role-playing

question

The distinctive features used to identify the three clusters of personality disorders are: A) obsessions, compulsions, and delusions. B) genetics, culture, and self-awareness. C) optimism, pessimism, and perfectionism. D) anxiety, eccentricity, and impulsivity.

answer

D) anxiety, eccentricity, and impulsivity

question

A major depressive disorder is most likely to be characterized by: A) delusions of persecution. B) alternations between extreme hopelessness and unrealistic optimism. C) a persistent irrational fear of other people. D) feelings of personal worthlessness.

answer

D) feelings of personal worthlessness

question

A disorder in which an individual is overexcited, hyperactive, and wildly optimistic is known as: A) paranoia. B) mania. C) a panic attack. D) catatonia.

answer

B) mania

question

George Frideric Handel composed his Messiah during three weeks of intense, creative energy. Many believe Handel suffered a mild form of: A) agoraphobia. B) a dissociative disorder. C) bipolar disorder. D) schizophrenia.

answer

C) bipolar disorder

question

Laura's husband died three years ago, but she is still depressed. Her therapist suggests that she is really angry at her husband for abandoning her. The therapist's interpretation reflects the ________ perspective. A) social-cognitive B) psychoanalytic C) learning D) biological

answer

B) psychoanalytic

question

Abnormally low levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin are associated with: A) panic attacks. B) schizophrenia. C) depression. D) dissociative disorders.

answer

C) depression

question

The social-cognitive perspective has emphasized that depression is perpetuated by: A) motivational conflict. B) self-blaming attributions. C) egocentrism. D) conscious role playing.

answer

B) self-blaming

question

Positive symptoms of schizophrenia are the ________ of inappropriate behaviors, and negative symptoms are the ________ of appropriate behaviors. A) absence; absence B) presence; presence C) absence; presence D) presence; absence

answer

D) presence; absence

question

One of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia is: A) an expressionless face. B) loud and meaningless talking. C) inappropriate laughter. D) uncontrollable outbursts of rage.

answer

A) an expressionless face

question

In which type of disorder is a person's speech likely to be so full of unrelated words and phrases that it could be characterized as a "word salad"? A) panic disorder B) obsessive-compulsive disorder C) schizophrenia D) dissociative disorder

answer

C) schizophrenia

question

Flat affect and catatonia are symptoms most closely associated with: A) schizophrenia. B) obsessive-compulsive disorder. C) bipolar disorder. D) antisocial personality disorder.

answer

A) schizophrenia

question

Those with ________ symptoms of schizophrenia more often have a(n) ________ condition that responds to drug therapy. A) positive; chronic B) negative; reactive C) positive; reactive D) negative; acute

answer

C) positive; reactive

question

Schizophrenia is associated with an excess of receptors for: A) norepinephrine. B) dopamine. C) serotonin. D) acetylcholine.

answer

B) dopmine

question

Which of the following therapists would most likely try to understand an adult's psychological disorder by exploring that person's childhood experiences? A) a psychoanalyst B) a behavior therapist C) a humanistic therapist D) a cognitive therapist

answer

A) a psychoanalyst

question

Mr. Choi's therapist wants to help him become aware of his conflicting childhood feelings of love and hate for his parents. The therapist's goal best reflects a primary aim of: A) client-centered therapy. B) cognitive therapy. C) psychoanalysis. D) systematic desensitization.

answer

C) psychoanalysis

question

Which form of therapy would most likely help depressed patients by teaching them how to resolve disagreements with their friends? A) systematic desensitization B) interpersonal psychotherapy C) humanistic therapy D) cognitive therapy

answer

B) interpersonal psychotherapy

question

Unlike psychoanalytic therapists, humanistic therapists tend to focus on the ________ more than the ________. A) present; future B) past; present C) present; past D) past; future

answer

C) present; past

question

Which therapeutic approach relies most heavily on patients' discovering their own ways of effectively dealing with their difficulties? A) psychoanalysis B) cognitive therapy C) systematic desensitization D) client-centered therapy

answer

D) client-centered therapy

question

Psychological research on the principles of learning has most directly influenced the development of: A) behavior therapy. B) humanistic therapy. C) psychodynamic therapy. D) cognitive therapy.

answer

A) behavior therapy

question

A procedure that trains people to make new responses to stimuli that currently trigger unwanted responses is called: A) light exposure therapy. B) transference. C) counterconditioning. D) unconditional positive regard.

answer

C) counterconditioning

question

Systematic desensitization is a form of: A) biomedical therapy. B) counterconditioning. C) cognitive therapy. D) humanistic therapy.

answer

B) counterconditioning

question

Systematic desensitization involves: A) depriving a client access to an addictive drug. B) associating unwanted behaviors with unpleasant experiences. C) replacing a positive response to a harmful stimulus with a negative response. D) associating a pleasant relaxed state with anxiety-arousing stimuli.

answer

D) associating a pleasant relaxed state with anxiety-arousing stimuli

question

In treating alcoholism, therapists have clients consume alcohol that contains a nausea-producing drug. This technique is known as: A) operant conditioning. B) systematic desensitization. C) aversive conditioning. D) transference.

answer

C) aversive conditioning

question

The assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions is most clearly central to: A) progressive relaxation. B) cognitive therapies. C) behavior modification. D) exposure therapies.

answer

B) cognitive therapies

question

An integrated therapy that aims to modify both self-defeating thinking and maladaptive actions is known as: A) light exposure therapy. B) client-centered therapy. C) psychopharmacology. D) cognitive-behavior therapy.

answer

D) cognitive-behavior therapy

question

A common ingredient underlying the success of diverse psychotherapies is the: A) professional training and experience of the therapist. B) escape from real-life pressures offered by psychotherapy. C) length of time the client spends in psychotherapy. D) client's expectation that psychotherapy will make things better.

answer

D) client's expectation that psychotherapy will make things better

question

Sluggishness, tremors, and twitches similar to those of Parkinson's disease are most likely to be associated with the excessive use of certain ________ drugs. A) antidepressant B) antipsychotic C) mood-stabilizing D) antianxiety

answer

B) antipsychotic

question

Tardive dyskinesia is often associated with long-term use of drugs that occupy certain ________ receptor sites. A) serotonin B) norepinephrine C) acetylcholine D) dopamine

answer

D) dopamine

question

Xanax and Ativan are ________ drugs. A) antidepressant B) antipsychotic C) mood-stabilizing D) antianxiety

answer

D) antianxiety

question

Selective-serotonin-reuptake-inhibitors are frequently prescribed for the treatment of: A) tardive dyskinesia. B) schizophrenia. C) depression. D) mania.

answer

C) depression

question

Lithium is often an effective ________ drug. A) antipsychotic B) antianxiety C) antidepressant D) mood-stabilizing

answer

D) mood-stabilizing

question

Which branch of psychology is most directly concerned with the study of how people think about, influence, and relate to one another? A) developmental psychology B) social psychology C) personality psychology D) clinical psychology

answer

B) social psychology

question

Attribution theory was designed to account for: A) the process of revealing intimate aspects of ourselves to others. B) the impact of both heredity and environment on social behavior. C) the loss of self-awareness that occurs in group situations. D) how people explain others' behavior.

answer

D) how people explain others' behavior

question

Fritz Heider concluded that people tend to attribute others' behavior either to their: A) heredity or their environment. B) biological motives or their psychological motives. C) thoughts or their emotions. D) dispositions or their situations.

answer

D) dispositions or their situations

question

The fundamental attribution error refers to our tendency to underestimate the impact of ________ and to overestimate the impact of ________ in explaining the behavior of others. A) normative influences; informational influences B) informational influences; normative influences C) personal dispositions; situational influences D) situational influences; personal dispositions

answer

D) situational influences; personal dispositions

question

Freire did very poorly on his last arithmetic test. The tendency to make the fundamental attribution error might lead his sixth-grade teacher to conclude that Freire did poorly because: A) he is unmotivated to do well in school. B) the test covered material that had not been adequately covered in class. C) his parents had an argument the evening before the test. D) he was not given enough time to complete the test.

answer

A) he is unmotivated to do well in school

question

We have a tendency to explain the behavior of strangers in terms of ________ and to explain our own behavior in terms of ________. A) informational influence; normative influence B) situational constraints; personality traits C) normative influence; informational influence D) personality traits; situational constraints

answer

D) personality traits; situational constraints

question

Carol is restless during class because her professor's distressed facial expressions lead her to believe that he dislikes teaching. The professor, on the other hand, is distressed because he sees Carol's restlessness as an indication that she lacks any motivation to learn. At this point, both student and professor should be informed of the dangers of: A) group polarization. B) the mere exposure effect. C) deindividuation. D) the fundamental attribution error.

answer

D) the fundamental attribution error

question

Attitudes are ________ that guide behavior. A) norms and roles B) superordinate goals C) belief-based feelings D) dispositional attributions

answer

C) belief-based feelings

question

Philip Zimbardo devised a simulated prison and randomly assigned college students to serve as prisoners or guards. This experiment best illustrated the impact of: A) team membership on social loafing. B) self-disclosure on conciliation. C) frustration on aggression. D) role-playing on attitudes.

answer

D) role-playing on atitudes

question

Having observed participants in his simulated prison study, Philip Zimbardo offered an explanation for the destructive behavior of U.S. military guards at Iraq's Abu Ghraib Prison. Zimbardo's explanation best exemplified: A) the catharsis hypothesis. B) the two-factor theory. C) a situational attribution. D) mirror-image perceptions.

answer

C) a situational attribution

question

The discomfort we feel when two thoughts are inconsistent is called: A) cognitive dissonance. B) implicit prejudice. C) deindividuation. D) social loafing.

answer

A) cognitive dissonance

question

Which theory best explains why our actions can lead us to modify our attitudes? A) scapegoat theory B) cognitive dissonance theory C) equity theory D) the two-factor theory

answer

B) cognitive dissonance theory

question

Research participants believed that the Asch conformity test involved a study of: A) altruism. B) visual perception. C) learning. D) aggression.

answer

B) visual perception

question

Solomon Asch reported that individuals conformed to a group's judgment of the lengths of lines: A) only when the group was composed of at least six members. B) even when the group judgment was clearly incorrect. C) even when the group seemed uncertain and repeatedly altered its judgment. D) only when members of the group were friends prior to the experiment.

answer

B) even when the group judgement was clearly incorect

question

Normative social influence results from peoples' desire to: A) clarify reality. B) maintain personal control. C) gain social approval. D) demonstrate self-restraint.

answer

C) gain social approval

question

Most people are likely to be surprised by the results of Milgram's initial obedience experiment because: A) the "learners" made so few learning errors under stressful circumstances. B) the "teachers" actually enjoyed shocking another person. C) the "teachers" were more obedient than most people would have predicted. D) the "learners" obediently accepted painful shocks without any protest.

answer

C) the "teachers" were more obedient than most people would have predicted

question

The Milgram obedience experiments were controversial because the: A) "teachers" actually seemed to enjoy shocking the "learners." B) "learners" received painful electric shocks even if they had heart problems. C) experiments were performed despite mass student protests against the research. D) "teachers" were deceived and frequently subjected to stress.

answer

D) "teachers" were deceived and frequently subjected to stress

question

In Milgram's obedience experiments, "teachers" were most likely to deliver high levels of shock when: A) the experimenter was perceived to be an ordinary college student like themselves. B) the "learner" was placed in a different room from the "teacher." C) they saw that other "learners" disobeyed the experimenter. D) they saw how "learners" who disobeyed the experimenter were punished.

answer

B) the "learner" was placed in a different room from the "teacher"

question

In Milgram's obedience experiments, "teachers" exhibited a somewhat lower level of compliance with an experimenter's orders when: A) the experiment was not associated with a prestigious institution like Yale University. B) the "learner" complained of a slight heart condition just before the experiment began. C) the "learner" screamed as the shocks became more punishing. D) the "learner" was in another room where his physical well-being couldn't be observed by the "teacher."

answer

A) the experiment was not associated with a prestigious institution like Yale University

question

According to Milgram, the most fundamental lesson to be learned from his study of obedience is that: A) people are naturally predisposed to be hostile and aggressive. B) even ordinary people, who are not usually hostile, can become agents of destruction. C) the desire to be accepted by others is one of the strongest human motives. D) people value their freedom and react negatively when they feel they are being coerced to do something.

answer

B) even ordinary people, who are not usually hostile, can become agents of destruction

Psych 181 Unit 5 – Flashcards

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