Chapter 18 Quiz 2 – Flashcards
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All your cells contain proto-oncogenes, which can change into cancer-causing genes. Why do cells possess such potential time bombs? A. Cells produce proto-oncogenes as a by-product of mitosis. B. Proto-oncogenes are necessary for the normal control of cell growth and division. C. Proto-oncogenes protect cells from infection by cancer-causing viruses. D. Proto-oncogenes are unavoidable environmental carcinogens. E. Proto-oncogenes are genetic junk that has not yet been eliminated by natural selection.
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B. Proto-oncogenes are necessary for the normal control of cell growth and division.
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Specific cells that appear undifferentiated under the microscope but are already fated to become muscle cells are called _____. A. meristematic cells B. bicoids C. myoblasts D. muscle cells E. myocytes
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E. myocytes
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Instead of developing a head and a tail, an abnormal Drosophila embryo develops two tails. This is most likely due to _____. A. apoptosis B. a mutation in an operon C. a failure involving post-transcriptional modification of mRNA D. a mutation in a maternal effect gene E. destruction of the RNA polymerase molecules responsible for the transcription of genes that encode head-related proteins
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A. apoptosis
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A cancer cell _____. A. is typically more than 10 times larger than a normal cell B. usually does not contain a nucleus C. does not respond to the chemical signals that control cell division D. requires less nutrients than a normal cell E. all of the above
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C. does not respond to the chemical signals that control cell division
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What gene has been called the "guardian angel of the genome?" A. The p21 gene B. The BRCA1 gene C. The ras gene D. The myoD gene E. The p53 gene
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E. The p53 gene
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Why is cancer more prevalent in older people? A. Cancer involves an accumulation of mutations, so older people have had more time to accumulate mutations in their DNA. B. Cancer is caused by viruses, and older people are more susceptible to viral infections. C. Cancer lies dormant for many years before causing problems. D. Most cancers are inherited as a recessive allele, so it takes time for the allele to be expressed. E. Cancer involves changes in gene expression, and it takes many years for gene expression to change.
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D. Most cancers are inherited as a recessive allele, so it takes time for the allele to be expressed.
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