sociology module 2 test – Flashcards
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based oon research around the world, Paul Elkman concludes that people everywhere express how many basic emotions? 4
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six
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Ekman claims that a major function of emotions is to..... 4
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support group life by building connections with others
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Cultures differ in terms of........... 4
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all responses are correct
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Arlie Russell Hoschild explains that companies typically..... 4
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try to control the emotions of workers
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In the "iron law of oligarchy," Robert Michels stated that the bureaucracy always means...... 5
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the few rule many
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Which of these is NOT evidence of the process called the "McDonaldization" of society?.... 5
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many new jobs demand creativity and imagination
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What do sociologists call two or more people who identify and interact with one another?... 5
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a social group
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What is the correct sociological term for all people with a common status, such as "college students"?..... 5
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a category
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A temporary, loosely formed collection of people who may or may not interact is a.... 5
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crowd
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Imagine you are watching several dozen passengers sitting in an airport gate area waiting to board a plane. These people are an example of a.... 5
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crowd
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Why did Cooley refer to some groups as "primary groups"?....5
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all responses are correct
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Which of the following is every society's MOST important primary group?....5
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the family
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A secondary group is a social group that...5
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is impersonal and engages in some specific activity
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Read the list of traits below. Which of these traits is NOT a characteristic of secondary groups?.... 5
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members have a personal orientation
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In general, we see_____ as a means to an end; we see _______ as an end in itself... 5
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a secondary group; a primary group
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What is the term for group leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks?....5
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instrumental leadership
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which concept refers to group leadership that emphasizes collective well-being?....5
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expressive leadership
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You are part of a task force with a group leader who has a distant relationship with the group members and who is concerned with getting the job done. Which type of leader does your task force have?....5
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an instrumental leader
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In your group, the leader is skilled at using humor to reduce tension and lighten serious moments. Which type of leader does your group have?... 5
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an expressive leaader
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Which type of leadership style takes charge of making decisions and make sure people do what they are told?.... 5
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authoritarian leadership
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Which type of leader encourages everyone in a group to have a say in what happens?... 5
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democratic leader
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What type of leaders downplay their own power, letting the group function more or less on its own?... 5
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laissez-faire leaders
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Solomon Asch's research, in which subjects were asked to match lines, showed that.... 5
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group membership has the power to generate conformity
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Which is NOT an expression of groupthink?... 5
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the group seeks diverse members and ends up being unable to reach a consensus
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Which type of social group commands a member's esteem and loyalty?... 5
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an in-group
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A social group toward which a person feels competition or opposition is which of the following?... 5
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an out-group
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Which of the following is typically true of a social network?... 5
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networks are "fuzzy" groups made up of a people we "know of" rather than those we know well
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Formal organizations are.... 5
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large secondary groups with a goal orientation
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Which type of formal organization do people join in order to obtain money and other material benefits?.... 5
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utilitarian organization
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Assume you are a parent of a child in school. From your point of view, what type of organization is a school's parent-teacher association (PTA)?.....5
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A normative organization
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Max Weber noted many traits of bureaucracy. Which of the following list is NOT one of them?....5
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favoring family members over strangers
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Max Weber argued that formal organizations were efficient, but he cautioned that they can have harmful effects on people. As he saw it, what is the danger?.... 5
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organizations create alienation
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What is Robert Merton's term for a preoccupation with rules and regulations to the point of keeping an organization from accomplishing its goals?... 5
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bureaucratic ritualism
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The emergency room clerk who keeps a bleeding patient waiting while filling out lots of paperwork is a classic example of bureaucratic.... 5
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ritualism
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Which of these concepts was used by Robert Michels to refer to the rule of the many by the few?... 5
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oligarchy
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The basic idea behind scientific management is that... 5
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applying scientific principles can make a business more efficient
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According to Deborah Tannen, what traits make up a "female advantage"?... 5
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all responses are corect
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Think about the process of McDonaldization. Looking at the list below, which one of the traits in NOT linked to McDonaldization?....5
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creativity
