World History Chapter 5: Ancient Greece – Flashcards
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Where was the Minoan civilization?
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Crete
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Where were the excavations that reveled much about Minoan life?
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Knossos
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Minoan Language
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Linear A
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The Mycenaean States
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considered the first Greeks because they spoke a form of Greek language
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Polis
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city-state. Each city-state had it's own government, laws, and customs
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Acropolis
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a high area that a polis was built around
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Agora
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a marketplace built below the acropolis
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Where was Sparta located?
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Peloponnesus
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Helots
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state slaves
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Hoplites
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foot soldiers
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Gods and Goddesses
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Each deity governed one aspect of nature or life. The gods were also unpredictable and flawed.
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Where did the gods live?
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Mount Olympus
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Zeus
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god of the sky and lighting, king of the gods
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Hubris
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great pride, brought many heroes to tragic ends that taught Greeks not to overstretch their abilities.
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What government did Athens have?
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Democracy
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Democracy
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a form of government run by people
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Solon
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A lawmaker who outlawed debt slavery and encouraged trade to reduce poverty. He also allowed all men to take part in the assembly and serve on juries.
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Tyrant
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a strongman who seized power by force and claimed to rule for the good of the people
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Peisistratus
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A tyrant who was liked by people because he pushed aristocrats out of office and increased trade to make Athens richer
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Cleisthenes
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divided Athens into 10 tribes and created the council of 500
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Who was allowed to take part in Athenian democracy?
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Free males over the age of 20
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What were the three bodies of democracy?
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The assembly, the council of 500, and courts
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Direct Democracy
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when all people vote directly on an issue
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Archon
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served as the chief of state
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Where were the roots of the Persian war?
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Ionia, modern day Turkey
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Why did the Ionians rebel?
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The were unhappy with Persian rule
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Who won the rebellion between Persia and Ionia?
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Persia
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Marathon
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Where the Persians arrived during the first invasion
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Phalanx
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a tight rectangle formation where soldiers held long spears ahead of a wall of shields
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Who won the first invasion?
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The Greeks
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What mountain did the Spartans slow down the Persians?
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Thermopylae
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What battle changed the nature of the war?
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The battle of Salamis
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Who won the Persian war?
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the Greeks
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Who was most of the rebuilding of Athens credited to?
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Pericles
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Who was the leader of the Delian league?
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Athens
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Who was the leader of the Peloponnesian league?
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Sparta
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What led to the Peloponnesian war?
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Sparta resented the growth of Athenian influence in Greece and over time tension between the leagues grew
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What changed the course of the war?
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A plague
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Who defeated Sparta?
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Thebes
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Who took control of Greece?
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Macedonia, a Greek speaking kingdom
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Socrates
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Taught that if you wanted to learn you have to ask questions
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Plato
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Thought that government should be led by the most qualified to make good decisions
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Aristotle
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Taught reason and logic
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Reason
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clear and ordered thinking
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logic
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the process of making inferences
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Epic poetry
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tells stories about great events and heroes
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Homer
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wrote Iliad and the Odyssey
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The Iliad
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tells the story of the last year of the Trojan war
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The Odyssey
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tells the story of the hero Odysseus
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Lyric Poetry
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deals with emotions and desires
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Greek Sculptures
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unrealistic and physically perfect
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Why were Greek dramas originally developed?
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for religious festivals
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Phillip II
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led the Macedonian rise to power and conquered Greece
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Alexander the Great
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took the throne at age 20 and ended Greek revolts by using harsh measures. He built an empire and conquered Persia, Phoenicia, and Egypt
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Hellenistic
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Greek like
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Alexandria
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A city built by Alexander the great and was the capitol of Egypt
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Cynicism
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rejected the ideas of pleasure, wealth, and social responsibility
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Epicureans
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taught that people should seek out pleasure
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Stoicism
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taught that people should identify their proper role in society and strive to fulfill that role
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Euclid
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formulated much of geometry
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Eratosthenes
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calculated the size of the world
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Archimedes
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inventor, he invented the compound pulley
