CHapter 4 us history quizlet – Flashcards
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Mercantilism
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an economic system whereby the government intervenes the economy for the purpose of increasing national wealth
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Key law of Mercantilism
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The Navigation Acts
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Exports
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British: Sugar Colonies: Tobacco, rice, and indigo
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Imports
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MAnufactured goods then exported to colonies
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Enumerated Products
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Enumerated in acts of Parliment that could be legally shipped from the colony of origin only to specified locations
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Examples of Enumerated Products
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Tabacco, Sugar, and Indigo
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Navigation Acts of 1660
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required all colonial trade to be carried in English ships; required master and three quarters of crews to be English; Created list of enumerated goods, such as tobacco and sugar, that could be shipped only to England or another English colony
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Navigation Acts of 1696
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Plugged loopholes in earlier laws; created vice-admiralty courts in colonies to enfore trade regulations
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Ways that the Colonies were like britian
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All Major Cities were seaports Libraries, Churches, Collage Buildings Had a largest city (Philadelphia) Men worked as Artisans Colonial Manufacturing took place in workshops attached to artisan's houses Architect Buildings The gap between rich and poor is getting bigger
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Halfway Covenant
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Plan adopted in 1662 by New England clergy to deal with the problem of declining church membership, allowing children of baptized parents to be baptized whether or not their parents had experienced conversion
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Dead dogs
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Boring, long, winded preachers
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Enlightenment
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Major intellectual movement occurring in the late 17th century and early 18th century. Focuses on Human reason, in making decisions and governing (less religious)
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John Locke
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Famous Philosopher which his ideas had formed the basis of the Declaration of Independence
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Great Awakening
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tremendous religious revival in colonial America striking first in the Middle colonies and New England in the 1740s and then spreading to the south. A religious rebirth.
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Jonathan Edwards
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A famous speaker in the Great Awakening
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"Sinners in the Hand of an Angry God"
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A speech by Jonathan edwards
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George Whitefield
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A famous preacher
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Old lights
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Old and boring preachers (dead dogs)
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New lights
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younger and traditional preachers
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Results of great awakening
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1. emphasis on individual choice 2. less respect to older clergy 3. "churches" split into different denomination 4. Encourages missionary work with Indians and Black Slaves 5. "new lights" collages appeared (brown, rutgers, princeton) 6. 1st spontaneous movement in the colonies 7. gave colonists a sense of unity
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Salem Witch Trials
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took place in 1692, in which 19 were executed, problems were blamed on a scapegoat
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characteristics of "witches"
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Women, young and old, criminals, had none or very little family, wealthy
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Salem Village vs Salem Town
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Salem Villages- poor farmers Salem Town- urban people, rich, had seaport to trade
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Dominion of New England
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Maine to New Jersey ( 8 Colonies)
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Edmund Andros
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Governed the Dominion of New England
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King James II
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Catholic and Absolutist
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Glorious Revolution
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(1688) English Bill of Rights, Dominion of New England is abolished, Salutary neglect
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King William and Queen Mary
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James protestant daughter Mary and her husband William to take the throne of James II
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Salutary Neglect
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British policy of avoiding strict enforcement of parlimentary laws, meant to keep the american colonies obidient to England
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Virtual Representation
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Cannot vote (member of parliment will for you)
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Actual Representation
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You can vote
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Colonial Legislatures
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the colonial assembly that makes the laws for the colony
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Colonists attitudes toward governors
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did not like them, because they were appointed by the king. They were very powerful.
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Benjamin Franklin
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(famous scientist) founding father/ created electricity/ served as postmaster general under congress
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Albany Congress
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A meeting of most but not all colonies. Tried to see how to organize the colonies for the French and Indian war. Ben Franklin proposed Albany Plan of Union
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ALbany plan of Union
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plan to place British North America colonies under a more centralized government
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French and Indian War
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(also known as the 7 year war) started when France expanded into the Ohio River valley. Brought repeated conflict with the claims of british colonies
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Hurons
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Indians that supported the French
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Iroquois
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Indians that supported the British
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Fort Necessity
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A french victory in 1754
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Braddock's Blunder
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A french victory in 1755. A major loss for britian
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General Edward Braddock
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The general that was captured when attacking Fort Duquense
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Forst Oswego
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A french victory in 1756 in which the French started to view indians as mere savages
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Marquis de Montcalm
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A french war leader
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Lord Loudoun
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british general
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Massacre at Fort William Henry
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lead to "europeanization" of war
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William Pitt
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Became the prime minister of England in 1751. Was responsible to improve relations with the colonists
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Battle of Quebec
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TURNING POINT OF THE WAR. British Victory. Gave them control of the St. Lawerence River
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Gen. James Wolfe
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British General the replaced Lord Loudoun
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Treaty of Paris
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France gave all colonies east of the Mississippi to Britan. France gave New Orleans to Spain
