U.S. History Chapter 26 Review – Flashcards
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document sent to the state department that described the mentality of the Soviets
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Long Telegram
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act that gave the govt. the power to arrest Communists during a national emergency
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McCarran/Internal Security Act
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spy who gave valuable information to the Soviets about the atomic bomb
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Klaus Fuchx
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what families built to protect themselves from nuclear radiation
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fallout shelters
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mutual alliance system that the Soviets created with their allies in response to NATO
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Warsaw Pact
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committee created in the late 1930s to investigate communism in the United States
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House Un-American Activities Committee
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project in which the U.S. cracked the Soviet spy code
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Project Venona
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leader of the Chinese communists
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Mao Zedong
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term used for restricting communism
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containment
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nation that fell to the communists in February 1948
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Czechoslovakia
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date when the Soviets tested their atomic bomb
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September 2, 1949
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British leader who said that an iron curtain had fallen across Eastern Europe
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Winston Churchill
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American diplomat who was eventually convicted for perjury
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Alger Hiss
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intense rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union
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Cold War
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countries where covert operations replaced one government with government that is friendly to the U.S. (2)
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Iran & Guatemala
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first Soviet leader to declare that communism and capitalism could not coexist
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Joseph Stalin
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large, populous nation that fell to communism in the fall of 1949
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China
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the best defense against being accused of being a communist in the 1950s
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conformity
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in the early 1950s, the U.S. and Soviet Union both tested the ____
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hydrogen bomb
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army attorney who was brave enough to challenge McCarthy
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Joseph Welch
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countries where containment was first tested (2)
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Greece & Turkey
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during and after the Korean War, the government started a program to build up the_____
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military
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Truman's adviser who told him to be strong with the Soviets
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Dean Acheson
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document that stated that the U.S. would help free people that were trying to fight communism
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Truman Doctrine
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the Soviets blockaded this city to keep out Western influence
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Berlin
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nations that were supposed to remain friendly to the Soviets (5)
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Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia
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country that fell to the communists in 1956
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Hungary
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American pilot of a U-2 spy plane that was shot down over Soviet airspace
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Francis Gary Powers
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first artificial satellite to orbit the earth, launched by the Soviets in 1957
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Sputnik
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screenwriters who refused to cooperate with Congress
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Hollywood Ten
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years of the Cold War
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1946-1990
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asserted the "right of all people to choose the form of government under which they will live"
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Declaration of Liberated Europe
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Truman and Stalin work out a deal on Germany
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Potsdam
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not under direct Soviet control, but must remain communist and friendly to the Soviet Union
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satellite nation
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separation of Communist nations of Eastern Europe from the West
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iron curtain
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American diplomat in Moscow who wrote the Long Telegram
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George Kennan
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would give European nations American aid to rebuild their economies
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Marshall Plan
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American cargo planes supplied Berliners with food, medicine, and coal until the blockade was lifted
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Berlin airlift
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members agreed to come to the aid of any member who was attacked
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NATO
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war fought to achieve a limited objective, such as containing communism
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limited war
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effort to secretly weaken a society and overthrow its government
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subversion
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established by Truman to screen all federal employees to make sure that they were not communists
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loyalty review program
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FBI Director who was not satisfied with the loyalty review program
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J. Edgar Hoover
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Time magazine editor and former member of the Communist Party who told the HUAC that several government officials were former communists or spies
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Whittaker Chambers
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lying under oath
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perjury
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New York couple who were communists, and were arrested by the FBI and charged for heading a Soviet spy ring
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Julius and Ethel Rosenberg
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Wisconsin senator who stated that there were 205 known communists who were still working for the State Department
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Joseph R. McCarthy
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his tactic of damaging reputations with vague and unfounded charges
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McCarthyism
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televised interrogations of McCarthy's bullying witnesses
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Army-McCarthy hearings
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formal disapproval
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censure
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radiation left over after a nuclear blast
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fallout
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policy of threatening to use nuclear weapons if a communist state tried to seize territory by force
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massive retaliation
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created by Congress in 1958 (the year after Sputnik was launched) to coordinate research in rocket science and space exploration
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NASA
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provided funds for training and education in science, math, and foreign languages
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National Defense Education Act
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willingness to go on the brink of war for the other side to back down
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brinkmanship
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hidden
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covert
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conducted covert operations to prevent communist uprisings in other countries
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CIA
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nations that still had mainly agricultural economies
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developing nations
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Soviet leader by 1956
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Nikita Khrushchev
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formal face-to-face meeting of leaders from different countries to discuss important matters
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summit
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new relationship between the military establishment and the defense industry
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military-industrial complex
