AP World History Terms II – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Pax Romana
answer
27 BCE-180 CE, a period of peace and prosperity in the Roman Empire.
question
Silk Roads
answer
established during the Han dynasty, flourished during the Pax Mongolica.
question
Punic Wars
answer
246-146 BCE, conflict between Rome and Carthage for domination of the Mediterranean. Rome won, Carthage was sacked.
question
Pelopponesian War
answer
400s BCE, civil conflict in the Greek world that was basically Athens versus Sparta. A contest for hegemony caused by tensions over the Delian League. Sparta won, although conflicts continued.
question
Persian Wars
answer
500-479 BCE, conflict between Ionian Greek colonies backed by Athens and the Achaemenid empire, led by Cyrus, Darius, Cambyses and Xerxes. Greece won at the battle of Marathon.
question
Qin Shihuangdi
answer
ruled 221-210 BCE, First Emporer of China. Standardized the script, built defensive walls, and enforced Legalist policies.
question
Han Wudi
answer
ruled 141-87 BCE, the Martial Emporer. Established the Confucian education system and expanded into northern Vietnam and Korea and central Asia.
question
Ashoka
answer
ruled 297-232 BCE, the high point of the Mauryan empire. Created the rock and pillar edicts, taxed, centralized, and encouraged Buddhism.
question
Chandragupta Maurya
answer
ruled 321-297 BCE, founder of the Mauryan empire. Unified most of India, advised by Kautalya, ruled according the the Arthashastra.
question
Chandra Gupta
answer
ruled 320-330 CE, founder of the Gupta empire.
question
Gupta
answer
320-550 CE, second classical empire in India.
question
Mauryan
answer
321-185 CE, first classical empire in India.
question
Socrates
answer
470-399 BCE, first major Greek philosopher, interested in ethics and morality. Views recorded by Plato.
question
Plato
answer
430-347 BCE, second major Greek philosopher, created the theory of Forms or Ideas, wrote The Republic.
question
Aristotle
answer
384-322 BCE, third major Greek philosopher, believed in the power of reason and the senses, wrote extensively on science.
question
ren
answer
kindness, respect, humanity.
question
li
answer
propriety
question
xiao
answer
filial piety
question
nirvana
answer
escape from reincarnation, spiritual independence.
question
moksha
answer
escape from reincarnation, spiritual union.
question
Old Kingdom
answer
2660-2160 BCE, founded by Menes, built pyramids.
question
New Kingdom
answer
1550-1070 BCE, restored power ater Hyksos, returned to prosperity, restored dominance in Nubia.
question
Middle Kingdom
answer
2040-1640 BCE, re-stabilized Egypt, invaded by the Hyksos.
question
Nestorian Christianity
answer
branch of Christianity popular in Asia which emphasized the human nature of Christ.
question
Theme system
answer
Byzantine system of provinces ruled by generals, who recruited armies of peasants in exchange for land grants.
question
mamluks
answer
Abbasid slave soldiers who converted to Islam, eventually became a powerful military caste and governed Egypt from 1250 to 1517.
question
Sunni Islam
answer
the most popular branch of Islam; belief in the legitimacy of the early caliphs.
question
Shia Islam
answer
minority branch of Islam; belief that only a descendant of Ali can be caliph.
question
Theravada (Hinayana) Buddhism
answer
a less popular branch of Buddhism, emphasizes a strict, individual path, popular in southeast Asia.
question
Mahayana Buddhism
answer
a more popular and more metaphysical northern branch of Buddhism.
question
Toltecs
answer
950-1150, Central American society that migrated from northwestern Mexico. Precursors to the Aztecs, or Mexica.
question
junzi
answer
Confucius's "superior individuals," well-educated, altruistic, and careful.
question
Hundred Years' War
answer
1337-1453. France won.
question
Crusades
answer
1095-1204 Led to Renaissance
question
Sargon of Akkad
answer
first Sumerian king-conqueror.
question
Assyrians
answer
1300-612 BCE, had an empire in SW Asia and Egypt.
question
Zaibatsu
answer
1890s Japanese industrial clique.
question
Big Stick policy
answer
describes Roosevelt corollary, idea of threatening military force while negotiating peacefully.
question
Open Door Policy
answer
1899 policy that all European nations, and the US could trade with China.
question
deterrence policy
answer
the idea that knowing the consequences, like MAD, would prevent military action.
question
Eisenhower doctrine
answer
countries can ask for help from US if threatened, especially by communism.
question
Agricultural Revolution
answer
1700s movement in England that led to the Industrial Revolution. Enclosure, crop rotation, and mechanization were major parts.
question
Gospel of Wealth
answer
1889- Andrew Carnegie's idea of philanthropy, the rich helping the poor.
question
Black Death
answer
1300s
question
Osman Bey
answer
founder of the Ottoman empire
question
1453-1922
answer
ottoman empire
question
Babur
answer
founder of the Mughal empire
question
Akbar
answer
high point of the Mughal, tolerant
question
purdah
answer
womens' confinement in the home
question
Taj Mahal
answer
mughal architecture, islamic influence
question
muslim gunpowder empires
answer
1450-1750, ottoman mughal safavid
question
english civil war
answer
parliament vs. king, 1640s
question
Ivan III (the great)
answer
tsar after golden horde
question
Ivan the terrible
answer
expanded russia
question
cossacks
answer
russian pioneers into new territories
question
boyars
answer
russian nobles
question
mikhail romanov
answer
first romanov tsar, 1613
question
peter the great
answer
tsar who westernized
question
catherine the grreat
answer
expansionist, westernizing, enlightened
question
matteo ricci
answer
jesuit in china
question
john calvin
answer
predestination, puritans
question
jean jacques rousseau
answer
social contract
question
adam smith
answer
capitalism capitalism capitalism!
question
domestsic system
answer
like putting-out, lost to industrial revolution
question
factors of production
answer
land labor capital entrepeneurship
question
tokugawa shogunate
answer
1603-1868
question
meiji restoration
answer
1868 on
question
sino-japanese war
answer
1895 control of korea
question
russo-japanese war
answer
1905 influence in korea
question
muhammad ali
answer
industrializing ruler of egypt
question
Tanzimet era
answer
1840s-1870s
question
Tanzimet reforms
answer
facilitated trade
question
Young turks
answer
more failed reform
question
extraterritoriality
answer
granted to Europeans in Ottoman Empire and China
question
Opium Wars
answer
Ming China, 1840s-1850s
question
Treaty of Nanking
answer
opened ports, gave Hong Kong to British, ended Opium Wars
question
Congress of Vienna
answer
After Napoleon
question
Berlin Conference
answer
dividing up Africa
question
Miguel de Hidalgo
answer
Catholic priest, led the Mexican struggle for independence in 1810
question
Napoleon III
answer
interfered in the Mexican revolution in 1863
question
Porfirio Diaz
answer
president of Mexico, repressive dictatorship led to the Mexican revolution
question
Mexican Revolution
answer
Pancho Villa, Emiliano Zapato, Ponciano Arriaga- land reforms- tierra y libertad
question
Benito Juarez
answer
economic growth, constitution of 1857, La Reforma
question
Simon Bolivar
answer
1800s revolutionary in South America, wanted to unite the region
question
Gran Colombia
answer
Simon Bolivar's failed conglomeration of Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela
question
Taiping Revolution
answer
1850s, led by Jesus's little brother (or so he thought), advocated social reform, land redistribution, and women's rights.
question
self-strengthening movement
answer
encouraged western investments and modernization in Qing China, but crushed by the Boxer Rebellion.
question
Boxer Rebellion
answer
anti-foreign rebellion led by crazy Empress Cixi and the Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists. Seriously.
question
Revolution of 1905
answer
forced tsar Nicholas II to allow the Duma, which he abolished after a few weeks, inciting planning for further rebellion.
question
Boers
answer
Dutch farmers in South Africa
question
Great Trek
answer
British forced boers into the interior of South Africa, where they clashed with Bantu people including the Zulu.
question
Boer War
answer
culmination of tension between British and Boers at turn of 20th century.
question
Mexican-American War
answer
Mexico didn't want us to take Texas.
question
Spanish American War
answer
U.S. ship exploded in Havana harbor, but more about U.S. concerns about interests in Cuba after independence form Spain in 1895. the U.S. got the Philippines and control of Cuba.
question
Mehmed the Conqueror
answer
ottoman who captured Constantinope in 1453.
question
Suleyman the Magnificent
answer
1500s Ottoman who made laws, laid siege to Vienna, and made the ottomans a naval power.
question
Shah Ismail
answer
founder of Safavid Empire, proponent of Twelver Shiism
question
qizilbash
answer
Twelver Shiite community
question
Babur
answer
founder of the Mughal empire, wanted to control a lot of land
question
Akbar
answer
ruled 1556-1605, high point of Mughal empire, tolerant, centralizing
question
Aurangzeb
answer
Mughal Muslim, intolerant, expansionist, faced rebellions and decline
