World History Unit 3 Vocab – Flashcards
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Hijrah
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The flight of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina; the first year in the Muslim calendar
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Monastery
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- A community of men who have taken religious vows
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Chivalry
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Code of conduct for medieval knights, based on ideals of honor and courtesy
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Calligraphy
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The art of beautiful handwriting
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Guild
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Medieval business association of merchants or crafts-workers
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Qur'an
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The holy book of Islam
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Sunni
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The branch of Islam whose members acknowledge the first four caliphs as the rightful successors of Muhammad
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Clergy
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Persons, such as priests, given authority to conduct religious services
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Czar
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(from "caesar") title taken by rulers of Russia beginning in the late 1400s
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Caliph
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Supreme leader of Islam, chosen as the: successor" to Muhammad
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Shi'a
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The branch of Islam whose members acknowledge Ali and his descendants as the rightful successors of Islam
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Sufi
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A Muslim who seeks to achieve direct contact with God through mystical means
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Excommunication
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Formal exclusion from membership or participation in a church
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Crusades
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Military expeditions by European Christians in the 11th-13th centuries to regain the Holy Land from the Muslims
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Vizier
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A prime minister in a Muslim kingdom or empire
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Gentry
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Class of powerful, well-to-do people who enjoy a high social status
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Pastoralist
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A member of a nomadic group that herds domesticated animals
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Samurai
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One of the professional warriors who served Japanese feudal lords
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Shinto
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The native religion of Japan
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Icon
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- A Christian religious image or picture
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Magna Carta
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A document written in England in 1215 that granted certain rights to nobles; later these rights came to be extended to all classes
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Bushido
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The strict code of behavior followed by samurai warriors in Japan
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Secular
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Concerned with worldly rather than spiritual matters
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Sacrament
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One of the Christian ceremonies in which God's grace is transmitted to people
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Lay Investiture
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The appointment of religious officials by kings or nobles
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Parliament
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A body of representatives that makes laws for a nation
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Shogun
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Military leader of feudal Japan
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Gothic
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Architecture of the twelfth-century Europe, featuring stained-glass windows, flying buttresses, tall spires, and pointed arches
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Reconquista
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The effort by Christian leaders to drive the Muslims out of Spain, lasting from the 1100s until 1492
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Shari'ah
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Islamic code of law that includes rules for all aspects of life
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Inquisition
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A Roman Catholic tribunal fro investigating and prosecuting charges of heresy - especially the one active in Spain during the 1400s
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Simony
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- The selling of official positions in the medieval Roman Catholic Church
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Matrilineal
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Relating to a social system in which family descent and inheritance rights are traced through the mother / Relating to a social system in which family descent and inheritance rights are traced through the father
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Vernacular
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The language of everyday speech, not of scholars, in a country or region
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Feudalism
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Political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king, in exchange for their loyalty, military service, and protection of the people who live on the land
