AP World History Chapter 4 Review – Flashcards
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When does classicl civilization appear on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea?
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800 BCE
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When does this civilization fall?
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476 CE
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Which was first to establish- Greeks or Romans?
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Greeks
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What empire tried to take over Greeks?
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Persian Empire
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Buildings and memorials in DC were designed after what models?
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Greek and Roman models
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What early river civilization did the Persians inherit many of the achievements of?
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Mesopotamia
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Monotheistic religion that come from the Persian region?
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Zoroastrianism
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Who will conquer the Persians?
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Alexander the Great
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What empire will emerge in the Persian area during Rome's imperial centuries?
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Sassanid
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Island of Crete was influenced by who? Show in what type of architecture?
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Egyptian influence shown in monumental architecture
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Who were the Greeks?
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Indo-European people who took over the peninsula
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Rise of strong city-states occurres when?
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between 800 and 600 BCE
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Describe govt. of city-state
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each city-state has its own govt., either tyranny or aristocracy
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Greek city-state regular celebrations called?
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Olympic games
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Two leading city-states?
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sparta and athens
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who did the greeks defeat in 500-449?
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persians
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war in which athens and sparta fought forcontrol of greece?
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peloponnesian wars
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macedonia king who conquered greece?
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phillip ii of macedon
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who was macedonian king phillip ii's son?
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alexander the great
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name of time period in which greek civiliztion consolidated and greek art and culture merged with middle eastern forms?
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hellenistic period
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who controlled greece after alexander the great
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roman republic
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name of wars in which romans spread their control
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punic wars
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pheonician city on the north africa coast the romans fought for
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carthage
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name of genera the romans defeated
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hannibal
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what type of animas did hannibal use in battle
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elephants
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why did the romn republic grow unstable
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generals tried to gain more power while the poor of the city rebelled
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the roman empire suffered a slow decisive fall which lasted 250 years until
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invading peoples from the north overturned the govt. in 476 CE
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explain how the g and r felt about politics. what did citizens feel about their rights?
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active participation in politics was important to both g and r. citizens felt they had certan rights and obligations w/o which their govt. could not survive
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under roman empire emperor was in control but local city-states still..
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kept considerable autonomy in italy, greece, and eastern mediterranean
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greco-roman societ believed in what citizenship
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active
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compare greco-roman and china political ideas
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greco-roman did not develope a single set of political institutions, but china did have a divinely sanctioned emperor and an elaborate bureaucracy
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romans and greeks did not prefer what type of leadership?
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monarchy
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name of individual strong men who pormoted public works and protected common people from?
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tyrants against abuses of aristocracy
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what type of democracy did athens practicce
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direct democracy
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who was allowed to participate in the assembly
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all active citizens (women, slaves, and foreigners were not citizens)
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what was the most preferred government
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aristocratic assemblies
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expwho ruled in roman republic
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two consuls shared primary executive power
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explain senate
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held almost all executive offices
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explain dictator
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was chosen to hold emergency power until crisis passed
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explain roman empire polit. system
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senate, developed ways to organize larger regions, officers had more politicalpower than emperors, local autonomy
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how did the romans hold vast territories together
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with carefully crafted laws
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explain idea of roman law; based on, regulated
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based on twelve tables, regulated property rights and commerce
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rome secured
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vital supplies of grain
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rome built
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roads, harbors, stadiums, public baths
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rome provided
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cheap food and entertainment
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how did roman govt. support religion
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sponsored publiic ceremonies to honor the gods and goddesses
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why did romans attack christians
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refused to place state first in devotion
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how did roman infrastructure help spread christianity
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ease of movement in empire
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types of gods/goddesses
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seen as regulating human life, creator, god of sun, oceans, war, love and beauty
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greco-roman belief system lacked
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spiritual passion
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ethical behavior
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no basis for ethical thought so thinkers had separate models of ethical behavior
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romans famous for building
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support arches
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characteristic of greek architecture
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emphasized monumental construction, square or rectangular in shape, w/ columns
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characterisitc of roman architecture
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bigger buildings, free-standing stadiums, domes, heavily, adornd monuments and public buildings
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status of merchants
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higher status (second most prestigious class)
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what role did slavery play in economy
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VITAL, were servants, miners, agricultural workers, and tutors
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explain social structure: family, women, infants
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husband in control, women have economic roles, female lower status than male
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mediterranean society unlike china..
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region was not simply disrupted onlly to revive
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mediterranean society unlike india..
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was no central religion to servve as link between classical period and following period
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the fall of rome was not
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uniform
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how did rome fall (amount)
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fell more in some parts than in others
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how did the greece and rome culture live on
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heritage was more complex and more selective than india or china
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what did the greeks call nongreeks
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barbarian
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other greeks traded and relied on
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foreigners
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what role did alexander the great in greek outreach/influence
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important contacts between east mediterranean, rest of middle east, and western india
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what war brought rome into contact w/ north africa
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punic wars
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on the northern border what tribes learned about the empire through trade and battles
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germanic
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what products did rome enjoy from china
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luxury goods especially silk
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what did romans build in places they conquered
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same kinds of monuments and amenities
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rome had a sense that there was little to what
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learn beyond their borders
