FTCE ESE K-12 Exam – Flashcards
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protection & due process are guarantede under?
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14 th amendment
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Brown v. Board of Education
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cannot discriminate on basis of race
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Diana v. State Board of Ed. 1070
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children must be tested in native language
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Wyatt v. Stickney 1971
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established right to adequate treatment (education) for institutionalized person w/ mental retardation
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Pennsylvania Association of Retarded Citizens (PARC) v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania 1972
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Special education was guaranteed to children w/ mental retardation..sparked cases for children w/ disabilities
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Mills v. Board of ed. of District of Columbia 1972
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right to special education was extended to all children w/ disabilities not just mentally retarded children
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PL 93-112 - Rehabilitation Amendements 1073
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first comprehensive federal statute to address specifically the rights of disabled youth - prohibited discrimination in education, employment & housing based on disability
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504 of Rehabilitation Act 1973
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expands protection to other areas that receive federal assistance (education)
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PL 93-380 Education amendments 1974
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requires states to provide full educational opportunities for children w/ disabilities
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PL 94-142 Education for All Handicapped Children Act 1975
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provided FAPE to all students w/ disabilities, defined special education & related services, & imposed rigid guidelines on provisions of services
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Section 504 of PL 94-142
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extended FAPE & all provisions PL 94-142 for services to preschool children (3-5) w/ disabilities
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Larry P. v. Riles 1979
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ordered reevaluation of black students enrolled in classes for (EMR) educable mentally retarded
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PASC v. Hannon 1980
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ruled IQ tests are necessarily biased against ethnic and racial sub-cutures
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PL 99-457 (1986)
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special education services required for children 3-5 & entire families needs addressed by Individual Family Service Plan (IFSP) which is reviewed every 6 months
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Honig v. Doe 1988
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students may not be denied education or exclusion from school when their misbehavior is related to their handicap
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how long can a student be suspended if they present an immediate threat to themselves or others?
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10 days
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Pl 101-336 (ADA) Americans w/ Disabilities Act 1990
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gives civil right protection to individuals w/ disabilities in private sector employment & public services
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PL 101-476 Individuals w/ Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) 1990
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reauthorized EHA, changed term handicapped to disability, expanded related services, & required IEP's to contain transitional goals and objectives for students 16 and up
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IDEA 1997 reauthorization
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participation of students w/ disabilities in statewide assessments, changes to IEP w/ emphasis on students participating in gen. ed., guarantee that no student w/ disability is deprived of education because of behavior
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No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) 2002
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addresses accountability for student achievement, every student demonstrate proficiency in reading, math, science
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IDEA 2004
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added new requirement for special education teachers on secondary level be highly qualified, assistive technology was devices amended to exclude devices surgically implanted (cochlear implants)
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what must be provided in a written notice to parents when proposing educational placement?
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a list of parental due process safeguards
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zero reject requires?
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FAPE
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IEP present levels address?
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academic achievement & functional performance
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developmental disabilities include?
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congenital conditions (spinal bifida, deafness, blindness, profound intellectual disabilities) & children who contract diseases (polo, meningitis)
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teacher might use a formal test to?
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compare student progress w/ peers of same age or grade level on a national basis
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best measure of a student's functional capabilities & entry level skills are?
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criterion-referenced measures
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acculturation refers to an individuals?
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experiential background
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acquisition
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introduction of a new skill
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maintenance
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continued practice of a new skill
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proficiency
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practice under supervision to achieve accuracy & speed
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generalization
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application of new skill in new settings & situations
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phonology
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study of significant units of speech sounds
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morphology
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study of smallest unit of language that CONVEY meaning
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syntax
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system of rules for making grammatically-correst sentences
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semantics
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study of relationships between words & grammatical forms in a language & their underlying meaning
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aphasia
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language disorder
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disfluency
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speech disorder
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autism
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developmental disability significantly affecting verbal & non-verbal communication & social interaction
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emotional disturbance
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a) inability to learn not explained by intellectual, sensory, health factors. B) inability to build or maintain interpersonal relationships C) inappropriate behavior D) general unhappiness or depression E) tendency to develop physical symptoms or fears associated w/ school or personal problems
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specific learning disability
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disorder of one or more of basic psychological processes involved in understanding or in language
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formal assessment
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standardized tests w/ only one correct answer
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informal assessment
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less objective measures & can use observations...
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norm-referenced tests
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establish a ranking and compare student's performance an established norm (age or grade)
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criterion-referenced tests
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measures a student's knowledge of specific content
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authentic or performance-based assessments
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are designed to be as close to real-life as possible
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rating scales & checklists
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self-apparisal instruments completed by student or parents
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momentary time sampling
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used for measuring behaviors of a group of students or several behaviors from the same student
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multiple baseline
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used to measure effectiveness of intervention
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IEP requirements
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1. present level of academic & functional performance 2. annual goals 3.notification of progress to parents 4. modifications or accommodations in statewide assessments 5.post school activities & related services 6. projected dates for services 7. LRE 8. Transition needs for students 14 and up 9. Statement of responsibilities (who is responsible for)
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pre-alphabetic phase
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don't understand phoneme / letter correspondence, memorize visual features (word stop in stop sign)
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partial-alphabetic phase
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can name some letters and can apply different sounds to many consonants but cannot handle vowel sounds well and don't recognize common spelling patterns
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full-alphabetic phase
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good understanding of connection between graphemes and phonemes, can decode letter by letter and spell phonetically.
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consolidated-alphabetic phase
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tend to see words as whole units and use decoding skills in unison to decode unfamiliar words
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automatic phase
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decoding is automatic and word-level reading predominates
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what legislator started FAPE?
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section 504
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consultant teacher
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ability to supply specific instructional materials, programs, and methods on a regular basis in a regular ed classroom
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clustering
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two or more problem behaviors across different areas of functioning
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fixed ratio schedule of reinforcement
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after every third correct response in a row, produces a steady efficient production of responses for reinforcement
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continuous reinforcement
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forms a strong relationship between behavior and reinforcement, best for establishing a new habit
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fixed ratio schedule of reinforcement
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produces a high steady rate of responding to solidify new habits
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intermittent reinforcement
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use when behavior is established and only needs minimum reward for maintenance
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intrinsic reinforcers
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usually intangible reinforcers ( teacher feedback, task completion, sense of pride over mastery)
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extrinsic reinforcers
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tangible rewards from external source ( token reinforcers, social approval, pencils, stickers)
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morphology
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process of combining morphemes into meaningful words
