question

What are the top 8 reasons for Using instant messaging?

answer

1. Keep in touch with friends 2. make plans with friends 3. play games with IM software 4. play a trick on someone 5. ask someone out on a date 6. write something you wouldnt say in person 7. Send non-text information 8. break up with someone

question

In what ways do social relationships benefit us?

answer

Social relationships bring emotional, material, and health rewards.

question

Social relationships provide people with at least two emotional rewards. Which of the following is one of those emotional rewards?

answer

Happiness because Emotional rewards include emotional support and happiness. Emotional Rewards= Support and Happiness

question

What are examples of some material rewards social relationships bring??

answer

Others such as transportation, food, and shelter are material rewards.

question

Candice realized when she went to the snack area at the student union that she had left her wallet in the book bag, and had placed that book bag in the trunk of her car for safe keeping. Candice's friend Kayla told her not to worry. Kayla paid for Candice's lunch, and she told Candice she could pay her back later. Candice has benefited from which reward of social relationships?

answer

Social Relationships bring material rewards Because Candice did not have money for lunch, when Kayla bought lunch for her, Candice benefited from the material reward provided by Kayla.

question

What sort of costs are associated with maintaining a friendship?

answer

Relationship costs include use of time, emotional investments, material investments, and physical investments

question

Attraction Theory

answer

this theory explains why people are drawn to others; roots from proximity, personal appearance, similarity and complementarity

question

Interpersonal Attraction

answer

the force that draws people together

question

Physical Attraction

answer

attraction to someone's physical appearance

question

We are attracted to others we find to be physically attractive. Which of the following is one of the reasons noted in the text for this?

answer

The often have superior genes because People want healthy children, and attractive people may have better genes to pass along to the children who will, in turn, be especially healthy by inheriting those genes.

question

Social Attraction

answer

attraction to someone's personality

question

1. When she meets her neighbor Carma for the first time, Patrice is immediately attracted to her personality. Patrice is experiencing

answer

Social Attraction

question

Task Attraction

answer

attraction to someone's abilities or dependability

question

Being attracted to someone because he or she possesses certain abilities and is dependable is known as which of the following ?

answer

Task Attraction

question

Johnny feels positive towards his suite mate because of her excellent karaoke technique, Johnny is experiencing??

answer

Task Attraction

question

Proximity

answer

closeness, as in how closely together people live or work

question

What is the difference between physical, social, and task attraction?

answer

Physical attraction is when one is drawn to someone because of his or her looks. Social attraction is when one is attracted to another's personality. Task attraction is when one is attracted to someone's abilities and dependability

question

Kim and Dan have worked together for nearly a year in the same area of the office. They have gone to lunch at approximately the same time each work day, and have eaten lunch in the same diner near the office building. Recently, they have begun to see each other socially after work. What is probably behind this new dating relationship?

answer

They are attracted by proximity because According to the text, people are more likely to be attracted to people they see often.

question

What does it mean to be attracted by similarity?

answer

When are attracted to people with similar backgrounds, experiences, beliefs, and interests, that are similar to our own. (people sharing common traits)

question

complementarity

answer

the beneficial provision by another person of a quality that one lacks

question

Summarized concept on how people are attracted by complementarity..?

answer

Shy teenage kid being attracted to a an outgoing female because she can help him more sociable

question

Beverly works out at the gym three to four days each week, and has developed a slender body Shape that most of her male friends think is nearly perfect. When she took a trip to Africa, she was quite surprised when many of the men found her to be too thin. Some even suggested Beverly put some meat on her bones. After working out so hard at the gym, she could hardly believe her ears. What has happened in Beverly's situation?

answer

Culture can influence perceptions of attractiveness: While Beverly comes from a culture that values thinness as a measure of attractiveness, other cultures view a fuller figure as the standard for attractiveness.

question

Because of the desire to produce healthy children, men across cultures tend to be attracted to

answer

women who appear younger: While Beverly comes from a culture that values thinness as a measure of attractiveness, other cultures view a fuller figure as the standard for attractiveness.

question

Uncertainty Reduction theory

answer

theory suggesting that people find uncertainty to be unpleasant, so they are motivated to reduce their uncertainty by getting to know others

question

2. Uncertainty reduction theory states that

answer

c. uncertainty is unpleasant, and through communication we seek to reduce it

question

According to uncertainty reduction theory, how is uncertainty related to liking?

answer

Uncertainty reduction theory suggests that the less uncertain you are of someone, the more you will like the person.

question

Social Exchange theory

answer

theory suggesting that people seek to maintain relationships in which their benefits outweigh their costs

question

Sara has recently become unhappy in her relationship with George. It seems to her that she is putting all the effort and resources into the relationship, and George is only taking from the relationship. She works two jobs. George goes to school, but doesn't even have a part-time job. He goes out with his friends on weekends, and she stays home and cooks and cleans. Sara is wondering if the benefits of being with George outweigh the costs. Which theory is she using to determine if she wants to stay in the relationship, or break up with George?

answer

Social Exchange theory:Social exchange theory deals with the costs and rewards of relationships. It suggests that when we believe the rewards outweigh the costs, it's worth staying in the relationship; if the costs outweigh the rewards, the relationship may as well end.

question

Comparison Level

answer

a realistic expectation of what one wants and thinks one deserves from a relationship

question

What is a comparison level for alternatives?

answer

A comparison level for alternatives is part of social exchange theory, and it measures how much better or worse your current relationship is than your other options

question

over-benefited

answer

a state in which one's relational benefits outweighs one's cost

question

Under-benefited

answer

a state in which one's relational costs outweighs one's benefits

question

Equity theory

answer

theory that a good relationship is one in which a person's ratio of costs and benefits is equal to his or her partner's

question

Your friend chandra is always texting you about her problems but never seems to have time to listen to you communicate about yours. In this situation....

answer

Chandra is over-benefited and you are under-benefited because shes getting the benefit of your time and attention without the cost of giving her own time and attention to you. You, on the other hand are putting more in the friendship than you are getting from it

question

3. Jake and Peter are best friends who both invest heavily in their friendship. According to equity theory, the best scenario for Jake is that

answer

his ratio of costs to rewards is the same as Peter's

question

Relational maintenance behaviors theory

answer

theory specifying the primary behaviors people use to maintain their relationships

question

Relational Maintaince behaviors:

answer

Positivity Openness Assurance Social Networks Sharing tasks

question

Which of the following is a primary relationship maintenance behavior?

answer

Social Networks: Social networks is one of the five primary relationship maintenance behaviors. The others are positivity, openness, assurances, and sharing tasks.

question

Positivity

answer

includes behaviors such as acting friendly and cheerful, being courteous to others, and refraining from criticism. People who engage in positivity smile a lot, express affection and appreciation, and don't complain- they're pleasant and fun to be around- types of behaviors tend to make people well liked

question

Which relational maintenance behavior tends to make people well liked?

answer

Positivity

question

Openness

answer

describes a persons willingness to discuss his or her relationship with a friend or other relational partner-its possible to have to much in this in a relationship but an optimal amt will help maintain the relationship and keep it strong

question

Assurances

answer

verbal and nonverbal behaviors that people use to stress their faithfulness and commitment and commitment to others - statements or nonverbal cues that send the message that one is committed to the relationship, reassuring the friend or partner that the relationship has a future.

question

In what ways to people maintain their social relationships??

answer

People maintain their social relationships through positivity, openness, assurances, social networks, and sharing tasks.

question

Meg and Rick have been cohabitating for some time, and their relationship seems to be strong. Each night after work, Meg cooks and Rick does the dishes. They take the trash and recyclables out together, and then do light housekeeping chores before settling down to watch a DVD. This relational maintenance behavior is

answer

Sharing Tasks: Performing one's fair share of the work in a relationship is one of the five primary relational maintenance behaviors.

question

Self-disclosure

answer

act of intentionally giving others information about oneself that one believes is true but thinks others don't already have

question

What are the characteristics of self-disclosure?

answer

intentional and truthful, varies in breadth and depth, varies among relationships, reciprocal, influenced by cultural and gender roles.

question

Social Penetration theory

answer

theory indicating that the depth and breadth of self-disclosure help us learn about a person we're getting to know

question

Breadth

answer

the range of topics one discusses with various people

question

Depth

answer

the intimacy of ones self-disclosures

question

norm of reciprocity

answer

the social expectation that favors should be reciprocated

question

On their first date, Robin and Eric sat in the local coffeehouse and chatted for hours. As he told her bits of information about himself, she told him similar bits about herself, and this continued for quite some time. This is an example of

answer

the norm of reciprocity: When we disclose information to someone else, the norm in North American cultures is that we expect them to disclose to us in return. This is known as reciprocity.

question

Benefits of self-disclosure:

answer

Enhancements of relationships and trust- Reciprocity- When we disclose to others, they tend to disclose back Emotional Release -feeling something "off your chest" after disclosure Assistance to others -

question

Risks of Self- Disclosure

answer

Rejection Chance of obligating others hurt to others violation of other pples privacy- Inappropiate self-diclosures can hurt pple who arent participating in the conversation

question

What does it mean to say that friendship is voluntary?

answer

We choose our friends, and they choose us. We do not have to be friends with people if we do not choose to be friends with them.

question

Peer

answer

a person similar to oneself in status or power

question

Elizabeth has invited Professor Valdez and her boss, Mr. Sapienza, to coffee on a couple of occasions, but both have turned down her invitation. Elizabeth would really like to have these two people as friends, but cannot seem to make that happen. Which characteristic of friendships does Elizabeth apparently not understand?

answer

Friends are usually peers: Elizabeth does not understand that the professor and her boss are not peers, and therefore, are not likely to become friends with her since they hold some degree of power over her.

question

Which rules are common for friendships? (see bottom of pg 169 in textbook for all rules)

answer

Common friendship rules include: stand up for your friend in his or her absence, trust each other, offer help when your friend needs it, don't criticize your friend in public, keep your friend's secrets, provide emotional support when needed, respect your friend's privacy, and don't be jealous of his or her other friends.

question

Genuine friendship with a boss usually adds to

answer

Job Satisfaction

question

What is considered an accurate statement about hetero- and homosexual people..?

answer

Romantic relationships are between opposite and same-sex couples: Both hetero- and homosexual people routinely enter into romantic relationships.

question

Do people report feeling greater loyalty to their same- or opposite-sex friends?

answer

Both men and women report that their same-sex friends are more loyal than opposite-sex friends

question

5. Workplace relationships can be challenging because they contain both a social dimension and a

answer

task dimension

question

What do we mean by the terms social dimension and task dimension in work relationships?

answer

The social dimension refers to your personal relationship with a co-worker, and the task dimension refers to your professional relationship

question

The closer we are with our co-workers, the more likely we are to

answer

be happy at work: The quality of friendships at work impacts job satisfaction, and the closer we are with our co-workers, the more likely we are to be happy at work.

question

Nancy is the manager of a local large chain restaurant that sells food and alcohol. Recently, the sales representative for one of the beer distribution companies asked Nancy if she and a friend would like to attend a major league baseball game, and sit in the party suite owned by the distribution company. Nancy jumped at the chance, attended the game, and enjoyed the experience immensely. Surprisingly, a week or so later, the sales representative stopped by and wanted to "introduce" Nancy to a new beverage the company was selling. The representative pressured Nancy to add the new, unproven item to her menu, and he reminded her of his company's generosity in inviting Nancy to the baseball game. This issue illustrates a potential problem in social relationships with

answer

clients: The beer distributor is a client of Nancy's; the issue she is facing has to do with social relationships with clients.

question

How are superior-subordinate relationships different from co-worker relationships?

answer

Superior-subordinate relationships include a power difference that co-worker relationships do not have.

question

10. Relationships between subordinates and superiors can be complicated because they include

answer

a power difference that co-worker relationships generally do not include

question

Why are health care providers discouraged from treating friends?

answer

Separating personal and professional relationships is important in the health care setting because a doctor's judgment and objectivity might be compromised by personal feelings for the patient.

question

Chapter 8

answer

Communicating in intimate relationships

question

Intimacy

answer

significant emotional closeness experienced in a relationship, whether romantic or not

question

What is commitment?

answer

Commitment is our desire to stay in a relationship no matter what happens

question

emotional commitment (see page 181 for examples of application)

answer

sense of responsibility for each others feelings and emotional well being

question

Social Commitment

answer

motivates us to spend time together, to compromise, to be generous with praise, and to avoid pretty conflict

question

legal and financial commitments

answer

are more formal expressions of peoples obligations to each other

question

Patrick and Anna have been in a romantic relationship for some time and they have begun to spend more time with each other's families and friends. While they don't always enjoy those interactions, they do this because of their

answer

Social commitment: We are displaying our social commitment when we spend time with our partner's family and friends.

question

Patrick and Anna had been living in an apartment together during much of their romantic relationship. They recently signed the final papers to take ownership of a new home. What aspect of commitment does this exhibit?

answer

Financial Commitment: By entering into a long-term financial arrangement with the mortgage company, Anna and Patrick are showing their financial commitment to each other.

question

What does it mean to be interdependent?

answer

interdependence mean that what happens to one person affects everyone else in the relationship.

question

In their relationship, what happens to Olivia affects Will. This is known as

answer

Interdependence: Interdependence means that what happens to one person affects everyone in the relationship.

question

How do relational partners invest in each other?

answer

They commit their energies and other resources, such as time, energy, and attention, to their relationships.

question

What is a dialectical tension?

answer

A conflict between two important but opposing needs or desires.

question

Openess Versus Closedness

answer

A second often experienced dialectical tension in intimate relationships is the conflict between openness and closedness (see pg 183 for applications)

question

Scott wants to sit in the den and watch the baseball game on television, but Kathy wants Scott to go with her to see a new movie at the theater. Which dialectical tension is at play?

answer

autonomy versus connection: When one person wants to be his or her own person, and the other person wants the two to be close, the dialectical tension is autonomy versus connection.

question

Thom and Angie usually go out to dinner on Friday nights to relax after the work week. This past Friday night, Angie expected to go out to their usual restaurant, but Thom came home from work and told Angie to pack a suitcase. Angie asked what was going on, but Thom wouldn't tell her what he had in mind. Even though Angie was not particularly excited about changing their usual Friday night routine, once they were packed, Thom drove them to the airport where he had tickets waiting for a surprise flight to Reno, and a rental car reserved so they could drive up the mountain to Lake Tahoe for the weekend. What dialectical tension is apparent in this scenario?

answer

predictability versus novelty: The dialectical tension here is predictability versus novelty. Angie is experiencing a desire for the familiar, while Thom desires a new experience that he believes will be fresh for both of them.

question

1. Johann and his partner Cris go out to dinner and see a movie every Friday night. That routine bores Johann but provides stability that Cris values. The dialectical tension Johan and Cris are experiencing is

answer

predictability versus novelty

question

monogamy

answer

state of being in only one romantic relationship at a time and avoiding romantic or sexual involvement with others outside that relationship

question

infidelity

answer

romantic or sexual interaction with someone outside ones romantic relationship

question

What is relational infidelity?

answer

Infidelity refers to having romantic or sexual interaction with someone outside of one's romantic relationship.

question

2. The idea that romantic relationships occur between individuals who choose to be together reflects the characteristic that romantic relationships are

answer

voluntary

question

Why do individuals sometimes stay in relationships involuntarily?

answer

They want to provide stability for their children, their religious beliefs disallow separation or divorce, they are concerned about the financial implications of separating, or they see no positive alternatives to their current relationship.

question

What percentage of people will get married at least once in their lives?

answer

95%

question

In what ways is communication in same- and opposite-sex romantic relationships similar?

answer

Both kinds of relationships value intimacy and equality between relational partners; they both experience conflict (and over similar topics); they both seek emotional support from family and friends; they both negotiate how to accomplish mundane needs.

question

Other than love, what are some primary reasons that people enter into romantic relationships?

answer

Some enter relationships for financial stability or to gain, consolidate, or protect power.

question

What is considered an accurate statement concerning romantic relationships??

answer

Romantic relationships are between opposite and same-sex couples: Both hetero- and homosexual people routinely enter into romantic relationships.

question

Compared to heterosexual couples, gay and lesbian couples tend to act how in conflict situations

answer

They are less likely to take conflict personally: One of the ways in which gay and lesbian couples differ from heterosexual couples in conflict communication is that they are less likely to take the conflict personally.

question

Contrasting the comparison of happy and unhappy couples research has shown??

answer

Happy couples are more likely than unhappy couples to express positive emotion with each other

question

Cliff and Lew are a gay couple who share a home. Based on the research discussed in the text regarding heterosexual and same-sex couples and instrumental tasks, which of the following is probably the case?

answer

Lew and Cliff share both the masculine and feminine instrumental tasks: Recent research shows that same-sex couples divide instrumental tasks more equally than do heterosexual couples.

question

Culture Affects Expectations for...

answer

Exclusivity (in western world, some countries practice polygamy- primarily Africa and Southern Asia) Voluntariness Love Sexuality **See page 186 for applications of each**

question

Polygamy

answer

state of having two or more romantic partners at once

question

Dabiku is a young woman in Kenya who is about to be married to a man she has never met. Her parents and his parents have arranged for the two to be married. Dabiku is not happy about the marriage, but it is the custom in her village to have marriages arranged in this way. This is an example of how

answer

culture affects expectations for voluntariness: In this arranged marriage, Dabiku has no say in the husband she will marry, and she is not entering the relationship voluntarily.

question

What is an arranged marriage, and in what parts of the world is this practice common?

answer

In an arranged marriage, other people choose an individual's romantic partner. This is most common in the Middle East, Asia, and Africa.

question

What are the stages of relationship development?

answer

Initiating, experimenting, intensifying, integrating, and bonding (see pg 188 to see how stages are applied)

question

Initiating

answer

this stage of relationship development occurs when people meet and interact for the first time. (see pg 188 to see how stages are applied)

question

Experimenting Stage

answer

this stage of relationship development occurs when people converse to learn more about each other.(see pg 188 to see how stages are applied)

question

Intensifying Stage

answer

this stage of relationship development occurs when people move from being acquaintances to being close friends. (see pg 188 to see how stages are applied)

question

Integrating Stage

answer

this stage of relationship development occurs when people form a deep committment and the partners share a strong sense that the relationship has its own identity. (see pg 188 for application)

question

Bonding Stage

answer

this stage of relationship development occurs when partners make a public announcement of their committment to each other.(see pg 188 to see how stages are applied)

question

3. The stage of Knapp's relational model that helps individuals decide whether they have enough in common to move the relationship forward is

answer

Experimenting Stage

question

In which stage of relationship development do people move from being acquaintances to being close friends?

answer

Intensifying Stage

question

In which stage of relationship development do people form a deep commitment and share a strong sense that the relationship has its own identity?

answer

integrating stage

question

Leo and Kara have been seeing each other for some time. They have decided to get married after college, and have announced to their friends and family that they are now engaged. Which stage of relationship development have they reached?

answer

Bonding Stage: The bonding stage is defined by the partners making a public announcement of their commitment to each other.

question

Conflict

answer

expressed struggle between atleast two interdependent parties who perceive incompatible goals, scarce resources, and interference from the other party in achieving their goals

question

When is compromising a useful strategy for managing conflict?

answer

It is best when trying to find a middle ground between two opposing forces of a tension.

question

Marital Couples classified in four groups:

answer

Validating couples Conflict avoiding couples hostile couples **see page 190 for applications**

question

In romantic relationships, couples who discuss their conflict in a competitive way and try to persuade the other partner to adopt his or her point of view are known as which of the following?

answer

Volatile Couples: Volatile couples tend to also express negative rather than positive emotion, but this is often followed by intense periods of making up.

question

How are validating, volatile, and conflict-avoiding couples different?

answer

Validating couples talk about their disagreements openly and cooperatively. They are calm, use humor, and use expressions of positive emotion. Volatile couples talk about their disagreements openly, but competitively. Conflicts are marked with negative expressions and followed by intense periods of affection. Conflict-avoiding couples talk about their disagreements covertly. They often try to diffuse negative emotion and focus on their similarities

question

Communication privacy management theory:

answer

theory explaining how people in relationships negotiate the tension between disclosure information and keeping it private (says that couples jointly own information about their problems)

question

What are the stages of relationship dissolution?

answer

Differentiating, circumscribing, stagnating, avoiding, and terminating ** see pg 192-193 for applications)

question

Differentiating Stage

answer

this stage of relationship dissolution occurs when partners begin to view their differences as underiable or annoying

question

Circumscribing Stage

answer

this stage of relationship dissolution occurs when partners begin to decrease the quality and quantity of their communication with each other

question

With regard to ending a relationship, at which stage do partners begin to decrease the quality and the quantity of their communication with one another?

answer

Circumscribing stage

question

Stagnating Stage

answer

this stage of relationship dissolution occurs when the relationship stops growing and the partners feel as if they are just "going through the motions

question

With regard to ending a relationship, at which stage do partners feel that they are "just going through the motions"?

answer

Stagnating Stage

question

Avoiding stage

answer

this stage of relationship dissolution occurs when partners create physical and emotional distances from each other

question

Terminating Stage

answer

this stage of relationship dissolution occurs when the relationship is officially deemed to be over

question

Divorce

answer

the legal discontinuation of a marriage

question

How do genetic ties, legal obligations, and role behaviors matter to the definition of families?

answer

Genetic ties refer to family members who share a specified proportion of their genetic material. Parents have legal obligations toward their minor children, and marriage, adoption, domestic partnerships, and stepfamily relationships are also legally regulated. Sometimes what defines a family is that people in it act like a family. This refers to role behaviors.

question

What is the difference between a family of origin and a family of procreation?

answer

A family of origin is the family you grew up in. It consists of your parents and siblings. A family of procreation is the family you start as an adult. It consists of your spouse/romantic partner and any children you might have.

question

The family in which Brent grew up, and the family he began as an adult, are which of the following?

answer

family of origin and family of procreation:

question

Family Rituals

answer

Repetitive activities that have special meaning for a family

question

Ever since the Bradley children were small, their family has taken an annual trip to Disneyland. Even as the kids have gotten older, the family has found a way to meet at the theme park every summer. The family even managed to make the annual trip after Ben had just returned from military duty. They tell everyone about these trips—the difficulties they encounter getting all the family members to the park, yet how proud they are that no member of the Bradley family has ever missed one trip. The family is engaging in which of the following?

answer

family rituals and family stories: The trips to Disneyland constitute family rituals, while the tales of successfully overcoming difficulties to make those trips constitutes family stories

question

5. Doug's family has a tradition of calling his grandmother every Sunday morning. That practice exemplifies a family

answer

family ritual

question

Confirming messages

answer

behaviors that convey how much another person is valued

question

What is an example of a confirming message?

answer

Any statement that shows how much we value another person, such as descriptive, inquiry-oriented, spontaneous, empathic, equal, or provisional.

question

Disconfirming messages

answer

behaviors that imply a lack of respect for or value for others

question

criticism

answer

complaints about another person or the persons behaviors

question

contempt

answer

hostile behavior in which people insult each other and attack the others self worth

question

Defensiveness

answer

seeing oneself as a victim and denying responsibility

question

Stonewalling

answer

Withdrawing from a conversation

question

Withdrawing from a conversation, and acting as if they are shutting down, would be an example of which of the behaviors people may enact to signal separation or relational dissolution?

answer

Stonewalling: Stonewalling is withdrawing from a Defensiveness conversation. People who are stonewalling often act as if they are shutting down.

question

Why are unrealistic expectations problematic for a relationship?

answer

They can cause individuals to feel disappointed, hurt, or betrayed because those expectations will not be met.

Comm Ch 7&8 – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards