Sociology Quiz 3 Ch. 7-9 – Flashcards
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What is the sociological term for the following definition: "The recognized violation of cultural norms?"
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Deviance
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In his Strain Theory, Robert Merton would use which term to describe people, including alcoholics and drug addicts who "drop out?"
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Retreatism
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In Robert Merton's Strain Theory, which of the following concepts correctly describes a person who gets rich by committing fraud (using unconventional means, i.e., theft or embezzlement)?
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Ritualism/Innovation
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Using Robert Merton's Strain Theory, which of the following concepts correctly describes the behavior of a person who doesn't care much about becoming rich but rigidly sticks to the rules?
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Conformity
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Edwin Sutherland's Differential Association Theory links deviance to the amount of contact a person has with others who.........? `
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encourages or discourages conventional behavior
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What is the term for crime committed by persons of high social position in the course of doing their jobs?
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white-collar crime
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Which concept refers to the illegal actions of a corporation or people acting on its behalf?
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corporated crime
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A hate crime is defined as criminal act motivated by what?
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race or other crime
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Which type of punishment might include a program for reforming the offender to prevent later offenses?
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rehabilitation
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Which type of punishment renders an offender incapable of further offenses temporarily through imprisonment or permanently by execution?
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social protection
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Social Stratification is a concept that refers to:
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a system by which a society ranks categories of people in a hierarchy
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The concept of "structural social mobility" refers to:
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change in the social position of many people due to changes in society itself
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In time, Marx believed, the working class would overthrow the C_____________ once and for all.
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capitalists
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Lower prestige jobs that involve mostly manual labor are called b___________ -c____________ work.
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blue collar
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The richest 20 percent of families received ____________ percent of all income in the U.S.?
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48.8
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The richest 20 percent of U.S. families own roughly ___________ percent of the country's entire wealth.
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89
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Roughly 40 to 45 percent of the U.S. population falls within the largest social class, which is the m__________ c__________.
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middle class
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Which concept refers to change in social position during a person's lifetime?
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Intragenerational social mobility
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Which concept refers to upward or downward social mobility of children in relation to their parents?
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Intergenerational social mobility
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The anthropologist Oscar Lewis concluded that the poor become trapped in a "c_________ of p__________", which is a lower class mentality.
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culture of poverty
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The wealthiest 20 percent of the global population receives about what shares of all world income?
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77 percent
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One global model developed after World War II, labeled the rich, industrial countries into which category?
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First World
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High-income nations are found primarily in which Hemisphere?
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Northern
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Middle-income nations have a per capita income between (what dollar amount?).
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$2,500 and $12,000 per year
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The concept "absolute poverty" refers:
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a condition characterised by severe deprivation of basic human needs
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Which type of slavery consists of employers holding workers by paying them too little to cover their debts?
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debt bondage
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The concept "colonialism" refers to the process by which:
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some countries enrich themselves through political and economic control of other nations
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"Neocolonialism" refers to the process by which:
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multinational corporations exploit the economy of a poor country
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Modernization Theory can best be explained as a model of economic and social development that:
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explains global inequality in terms of technological and cultural differences between nations; defines tradition as the greatest barrier to economic development.
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Dependency Theory can best be explained as a model of economic and social development that:
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explains global inequality in terms of the historical exploitation of poor nations by rich ones; 1. Narrow, export-oriented economies 2. Lack of industrial capacity 3. Foreign debt
