question

Which of the following is NOT true regarding optimists?

answer

They have a 75% lower risk of premature death.

question

The method of coping with stress in which a person changes the way he or she feels or emotionally reacts to a stressor is the ______ method.

answer

emotion-focused coping

question

According to Lazarus's cognitive appraisal approach, the first step in appraising a stressor is called ______ appraisal.

answer

primary

question

Miller and Rahe found that overall stress associated with many of the items on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale had ________ from the original 1967 ratings.

answer

increased about 45%

question

During the _____ stage of the general adaptation syndrome, the adrenal glands release hormones that increase heart rate, blood pressure, and the supply of blood sugar.

answer

alarm

question

The ______ returns the body to normal functioning after the stress has ended.

answer

parasympathetic nervous system

question

A person dealing with acculturative stress by choosing to maintain a sense of the original culture identity while also trying to form a positive relationship with members of the majority culture is using the _______ method.

answer

integration

question

The phases of the general adaptation syndrome are alarm, resistance, and

answer

exhaustion.

question

________ are types of sexual problems caused by physical disorders or psychological stress.

answer

Organic or stress-induced dysfunctions

question

_______ is a sexual dysfunction in which a male cannot maintain an erection long enough to complete the sexual act.

answer

Male erectile disorder

question

Two economically based social factors discussed in the text that create stressful living conditions are poverty and

answer

job stress.

question

Adults find the hassle of _______ to be the greatest source of stress.

answer

fighting among family members

question

Psychologist Hans Selye's three stages of the body's physiological reaction to stress are called the

answer

general adaptation syndrome.

question

People facing _________ conflict are dealing with two or more goals or events that are unpleasant.

answer

avoidance-avoidance

question

___________ results when people experience unpleasant stressors.

answer

Distress

question

Holmes and Rahe's Social Readjustment Rating Scale focuses on

answer

how life events cause stress in one's life.

question

Claire's boss picked on by her in front of her coworkers in a meeting. When she got home, she started a fight with her roommate. What form of coping with this frustration did Claire demonstrate

answer

displaced aggression

question

If Tom has been adapting to a stressor and is now experiencing fatigue due to prolonged muscle tension, according to psychologist Selye, Tom is in the _____ stage.

answer

exhaustion

question

When Ravi found out that he didn't get a high enough grade on his final for an A in his psychology course, he experienced stress from

answer

frustration.

question

Howard was upset that he got a B in Biology, but he felt better knowing that the average grade was a C. Howard was using _______ to make himself feel better.

answer

downward social comparison

question

When Ben found out his girlfriend had been unfaithful, he didn't say anything to her but he was furious on the inside. Ben is personality type

answer

C.

question

Which of the following is a typical first response to a source of frustration?

answer

persistence

question

Stress has been shown to

answer

put people at higher risk for heart attacks.

question

Marge is easygoing, slow to anger and usually relaxed. Marge's personality type is

answer

B.

question

Drug abuse, as a reaction to a source of frustration, is a form of

answer

withdrawal.

question

The prolonged secretion of the stress hormones during the exhaustion stage

answer

can lead to the most harmful effects of stress.

question

In _______, people who have identified a threat or harmful effect must estimate the resources that they have available for dealing with the stressor.

answer

secondary appraisal

question

Day-to-day hassles

answer

are predictors of short-term illnesses such as headaches and colds.

question

When it is not possible to change or eliminate a stressor, or when worrying about the stressor is becoming another problem, the best emotion-focused way to cope is

answer

to ignore the stressor.

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______ is the term used to describe the physical, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral responses to events that are appraised as threatening or challenging.

answer

Stress

question

Stress-causing events are called

answer

stressors.

question

When white blood cells encounter an infection in the body, they create chemicals and enzymes that activate receptor sites on the _______ that then signals the brain that the body is sick.

answer

vagus nerve

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_______ is a pattern in which a minority person rejects the majority culture's ways and tries to maintain the original cultural identity.

answer

Separation

question

The immune system consists of cells, organs, and

answer

chemicals in the body.

question

During the _______ stage of the general adaptation syndrome, the person or animal may begin to feel better because the body releases hormones that resist the stressor and affect the brain's processing of pain.

answer

resistance

question

Insulin and glucagon are hormones secreted by the ___________ to control the levels of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins in the whole body.

answer

pancreas

question

Religion is associated with all of the following EXCEPT

answer

reducing people's numbers of negative life events.

question

Ryan's friends believe he has the "golden touch." He is hardworking, charismatic, and driven by his commitment to his principles. Whenever he is faced with a challenge, especially in his career, he sees it as an opportunity and figures out a way to make money, even if there is none to be made. Ryan is a _______ personality.

answer

Type H

question

Mike thinks of himself as a "go-getter." He gets to work early, leaves late, doesn't stop for lunch, and competes with his coworkers to get the best accounts and to complete a task with the least errors. He also runs 5 miles a day, always takes work on vacation with him, and will only watch TV if he can fold laundry or do dishes while watching. Mike is a _________ personality.

answer

Type A

question

Carl and Kathleen just moved to Germany from the United States for Carl's job. Carl chooses to dress exactly as his German coworkers and friends do, makes a point of going only to German restaurants and bars, and insists that German only be spoken at home. Meanwhile, Kathleen continues to wear clothes she brought from home, seeks out American restaurants when she goes out, and will get healthcare only from doctors recommended by or available at the American Embassy. Carl is coping with accultural stress by _______ while Kathleen is coping by ________.

answer

assimilation; separation

question

Elizabeth is told by her mother that her interest in sex is evil. Elizabeth can no longer feel pleasure when she has sex. This sexual dysfunction is attributed to

answer

sociocultural factors.

question

Allen has low self-esteem and has a lot of anxiety about his ability to perform the sex act well. His sexual dysfunction probably stems from

answer

psychological factors.

question

According to psychoneuroimmunology, the act of ______ has many stress-relieving and health benefits such as increasing levels of beta-endorphins, decreasing levels of cortisol, enhancing the immune system, and lowering blood pressure.

answer

laughing

question

Which hormone secreted by the pancreas signals hunger by lowering blood sugar levels?

answer

insulin

question

Which activity, according to recent studies, should be more widely prescribed by mental health professionals to help ease anxiety and depression disorders and reduce stress and anger?

answer

exercise

question

Which of the following ailments are commonly associated with the stress of hassles?

answer

colds

question

More than anything else, Kendra wants to be the lead singer in a rock band and become famous. However, during her singing lessons her music teacher has told her that her voice is flat and she has no future as a singer. This is an example of

answer

internal frustration.

question

Scores between 150 and 199 on the SRRS indicate

answer

a "mild life crisis."

question

The type of stress experienced when positive events require the body to adapt is called

answer

eustress.

question

The ______ type of conflict, also called a "win-win situation," is easy to resolve and doesn't cause a great deal of stress because a person experiences a desire for two goals.

answer

approach-approach

question

The response to frustration in which a person will repeatedly continue efforts to get around the cause of frustration is

answer

persistence.

question

An unpredictable, large-scale event that creates a tremendous need to adapt and adjust as well as overwhelming feelings of threat is a

answer

catastrophe.

question

Sam, a preschooler, overheard his parents fighting loudly after he went to bed. The next day at school, Sam got into a fistfight with one of his friends. This is an example of

answer

displaced aggression.

question

______ can produce lowered blood pressure in people with hypertension.

answer

Meditation for 20 minutes

question

Concentrative meditation

answer

focuses the mind on some repetitive or unchanging stimulus.

question

Which of the following is NOT true of concentrative meditation?

answer

Delta brain waves increase.

question

Which of the following is NOT a social factor that causes stress?

answer

personality type

question

According to the general adaptation syndrome, when the body's resources are gone,

answer

exhaustion occurs.

question

Type 2 diabetes is a common result of prolonged stress due to which common behavior?

answer

overeating

question

Which personality type is associated with cancer?

answer

C

question

According to the general adaptation syndrome, when a body first reacts to a stressor during the alarm stage, the body activates the ________ system, causing increase in heart rate, blood pressure, and supply of blood sugar.

answer

sympathetic nervous

question

Anna never feels there is enough time to study, even though she has straight As. She finds it hard to relax because she always feels she should be studying. What personality type is Anna?

answer

A

question

Dropping out of school or quitting a job are forms of

answer

escape or withdrawal.

question

_____ occurs when people are blocked or prevented from achieving a desired goal or fulfilling a perceived need.

answer

Frustration

question

Urgent demands or expectations from a person's behavior coming from an outside source is a type of stress called

answer

pressure.

question

The phrase "out of the frying pan, into the fire," describes which type of conflict?

answer

avoidance-avoidance

question

People scoring between 200 and 299 on the Social Readjustment Scale

answer

have a 50% increased risk of experiencing an illness or accident in the near future.

question

Researchers found that _______ were much more strongly affected by hassles such as shopping, doctor's appointments, and bad weather.

answer

elderly people

question

Which of the following is NOT among the physical or mental illnesses associated with scores of 300 or higher on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale?

answer

bursitis

question

Sonja has an exam coming up and she is beginning to worry about it. According to the cognitive mediational theory, how should Sonja try to perceive the exam to make her coping ability more successful?

answer

Sonja should perceive the exam as a challenge or an opportunity to do well.

question

Obesity is a condition in which the body weight of a person is _____ percent or more over the ideal body weight for that person's height.

answer

20-30

question

Even if Lily eats a late breakfast, she still "feels" hungry at noon. This is an example of

answer

classical conditioning.

question

If life gives a Type A personality lemons, he or she will

answer

get enraged and throw the lemons back, having a minor heart attack while doing so.

question

A.J. is waiting for a flight at the airport and learns it will be delayed. If A.J. were a Type B personality, how would he react?

answer

A.J. would smile at the clerk, thank her politely, and then take the opportunity to relax, grab the meal he thought he didn't have time for, and read a magazine.

question

Emily is an exchange student living in Japan. She is happy to be there, but lately she has been feeling a lot of stress associated with feelings of not belonging in the Japanese culture and often feelings of homesickness. Emily is experiencing

answer

acculturative stress.

question

The sequence of physiological reactions that the body goes through in response to a stressor is described by the

answer

general adaptation syndrome.

question

When Wes learned that his wife had been diagnosed with cancer, his heart rate and blood pressure increased, he experienced a burst of energy, and he felt nauseous. These symptoms describe the ______ phase of the general adaptation syndrome.

answer

alarm

question

_______ is a pattern in which a minority person rejects the majority culture's ways and tries to maintain the original cultural identity.

answer

Separation

question

Which physiological system reacts when the human body is subjected to stress?

answer

sympathetic nervous system

question

Researchers have found that laughter

answer

boosts the immune system by increasing the number of natural killer cells.

question

It has been suggested that concentrative meditation

answer

can reduce levels of chronic pain.

question

Organic factors, sociocultural factors, and psychological factors influence

answer

sexual dysfunction.

question

Which of the following is an example of a situation in which a psychological factor may lead to sexual dysfunction?

answer

Jennie was molested as a child and suffers from low self-esteem.

Psych101: Chapter 9 Stress and Health Narrative Essay – Flashcards

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