Intro. to Sociology – Ch. 11 review – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
social change
answer
significant alteration over time in behavior patterns and culture
question
social movements
answer
used by sociologists to refer to organized collective activities aimed at bringing about fundamental changes in existing society
question
relative deprivation
answer
the conscious feeling of a negative discrepancy between legitimate expectations and present actualities
question
resource mobilization
answer
the ways in which a social movement utilizes such resources as money, political influence, access to the media, and personnel
question
Anthony Oberschall
answer
sociologist who argued that in order to sustain social protest or resistance, there must be an "organizational base and continuity of leadership"
question
false consciousness
answer
attitudes that do not reflect workers' objective positions
question
new social movements
answer
organized collective activities that address values and social identities as well as improvements in the quality of life
question
evolutionary theory
answer
theory of social change which holds that society is moving in a definite direction
question
Charles Darwin
answer
his pioneering work in biological evolution contributed to nineteenth-century theories of social change. According to his approach, there has been a continuing progression of successive life forms.
question
Auguste Comté
answer
saw societies as moving forward in their thinking from mythology to the scientific method
question
Émile Durkheim
answer
maintained that society progressed from simple to more complex forms of social organization
question
unilinear evolutionary theory
answer
states that social change passes through the same successive stages of evolution and inevitably reach the same end
question
multilinear evolutionary theory
answer
evolutionary approach that contends that social change can occur in several ways and does not inevitably lead in the same direction
question
Talcott Parsons
answer
functionalist sociologist who developed the equilibrium model of social change
question
equilibrium model of social change
answer
sociological perspective that argues that when changes occur in one part of a society, there must be adjustments made in other parts.
question
differentiation
answer
in Parson's equlibrium model of social change, term used to indicate the increasing complexity of social organization
question
active upgrading
answer
in Parson's equilibrium model of social change, term used to note that one feature of social change is that social institutions become more specialized in their purposes
question
value generalization
answer
in Parson's equilibrium model of social change, term used describe the development of new values that tolerate and legitimate a greater range of activities that societies experience
question
Ralf Dahrendorf
answer
the sociologist who noted that the functionalist perspective's emphasis on stability and the conflict perspective's focus on change reflect the contradictory nature of society
question
Randall Collins
answer
the sociologist who correctly predicted the collapse of the Soviet Union based on that country's twentieth-century expansionism and overextension of resources
question
Thorstein Veblen
answer
sociologist responsible for coining the term "vested Interests"
question
vested interests
answer
those people or groups who will suffer in the event of social change and who have a stake in maintaining the status quo
question
William F. Ogburn
answer
sociologist who pointed out that nonmaterial culture typically must respond to changes in material culture
question
culture lag
answer
refers to the period of maladjustment during which the nonmaterial culture is still adapting to new material conditions
question
luddites
answer
rebellious craft workers in nineteenth-century England who destroyed new factory machinery as part of their resistance to the new industrial revolution
question
technology
answer
cultural information about how to use the material resources of the environment to satisfy human needs and desires
question
genetic engineering
answer
a new technique of using technology to increase food production and alter plant genes