question

The major types of microorganisms include: Protozoa Plants Animals Fungi Algae Viruses Bacteria

answer

Protozoa, Fungi, Algae, Viruses, Bacteria

question

_____ can be seen with the naked eye

answer

Microorganisms

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_____ are small, single-celled prokaryotic organisms

answer

Bacteria

question

_____ are not cellular (acellular) and are composed of nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat

answer

Virus

question

Which term best describes a disease caused by a microorganism? Communicable Infectious Nosocomial

answer

Infectious

question

Which microbe(s) have a true nucleus? Virus Archaea Protists Prion Yeast

answer

Protists, Yeast

question

Thinking of the two major cell types in the world: a(n) _____ cell contains organelles, such as the Golgi apparatus, and mitochondria. However, these organelles are not found in _____ prokaryotic cells.

answer

eukaryotic, prokaryotic

question

A(n) _____ is a tentative explanation of an observation.

answer

hypothesis

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Organisms that are only visible with the aid of a microscope are: macroscopic microscopic

answer

microscopic

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When organisms are visible to the naked eye, they are called _____.

answer

macroscopic

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Which event helped establish the science of microbiology? The discovery of DNA The organization of life into taxonomic herarchies The development of the microscope

answer

The development of the microscope

question

Put these levels of classification in order from most general to most specific. Genus, Species, Kingdom

answer

Kingdom, Genus, Species

question

Taxonomy involves _____ and _____ living things. searching for controlling classifying naming

answer

classifying, naming

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The germ theory of disease stated that: microorganisms could cause infection and disease all human diseases are caused by infectious agents handwashing is the best means to prevent disease life only comes from existing life

answer

microorganisms could cause infection and disease

question

Koch's four _____ are a series of proofs that establish whether an organism is pathogenic and which disease it causes.

answer

postulates

question

All cells contain a cell _____.

answer

membrane

question

_____ is the specific study of microscopic organisms, including bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, and viruses. Microbiology Biology Microscopy

answer

Microbiology

question

Which of the following is NOT a term used to describe microscopic organisms? Microorganisms Vertebrates Microbes

answer

Vertebrates

question

Which of the following describe fungi? heterotrophic eukaryotic unicellular or multicellular autotrophic always multicellular prokaryotic

answer

heterotrophic eukaryotic unicellular or multicellular

question

In the levels of classification, the level right above species is the _____.

answer

genus

question

Which is correct regarding the capitalization of an organism's name? staphylococcus aureus staphylococcus Aureus Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus Aureus

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Staphylococcus aureus

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For the organism Escherichia coli, Escherichia represents the _____ level of classification.

answer

genus

question

All _____ are microorganisms, but not all _____ are microorganisms. eukaryotes; prokaryotes prokaryotes; eukaryotes

answer

prokaryotes; eukaryotes

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Small, membrane-bound components found inside of an eukaryotic cell, such as mitochondria and lysosomes, are referred to as: nuclei organs systems organelles

answer

organelles

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Which of the following is true about prokaryotic microorganisms? They are generally smaller than eukaryotic cells. They contain a nucleus. They lack cellular organelles. They are generally larger than eukaryotic cells.

answer

They are generally smaller than eukaryotic cells. They lack cellular organelles.

question

Which of the following microorganisms are made up of eukaryotic cells? Archaea Protozoans Bacteria Fungi Helminths Viruses

answer

Protozoans Fungi Helminths

question

An environment or material that is completely free of all life forms (including spores) and virus particles is referred to as _____.

answer

sterile

question

Who first promoted the use of disinfecting agents in the operating room during surgery? Van Leeuwenhoek Lister Koch Semmelweis

answer

Lister

question

List these levels in the hierarchy of classification from most general to least general. Kingdom Class Genus Species Family

answer

Kingdom Class Family Genus Species

question

Microorganisms account for about 50% of the earth's _____, which is the conversion of light energy from the sun into organic molecules.

answer

photosynthesis

question

Which process is the breakdown of dead matter and wastes into simple compounds that can be directed back into the natural cycle of living things? Respiration Decomposition Photosynthesis

answer

Decomposition

question

Which of the following describe fungi? eukaryotic autotrophic prokaryotic unicellular or multicellular always multicellular heterotrophic

answer

eukaryotic unicellular or multicellular heterotrophic

question

Microorganisms are _____, meaning they are found in all natural habitats as well as in most artificial habitats created by humans.

answer

ubiquitious

question

_____ organisms can be visualized by the naked eye. Microscopic All Prokaryotic Macroscopic

answer

Macroscopic

question

Put these in order by size from largest to smallest. Bacteria Colonial alga Viruses Reproductive structures of mold

answer

Reproductive structures of mold Colonial alga Bacteria Viruses

question

Escherichia coli may be abbreviated to _____.

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E. coli

question

For the organism Staphylococcus aureus, aureus represents the _____ level of classification.

answer

species

question

The process of assigning names to the various taxonomic rankings of a microbial species is knows as: identification taxonomy nomenclature classification

answer

nomenclature

question

In the deductive approach to the scientific method, which of the following is the first step? Performing experiments to test for particular events Outlining particular events predicted by a hypothesis Constructing a hypothesis to explain what has been observed or measured

answer

Constructing a hypothesis to explain what has been observed or measured

question

A scientific _____ is a collection of statements, propositions, or concepts that explains or accounts for a natural event.

answer

theory

question

Which of the following is the orderly arrangement of organisms into groups that indicate evolutionary relationships and history? Classification Identification Nomenclature

answer

Classification

question

Use of a laboratory test to determine the fermentation capabilities of a microbial species is part of the process known as _____.

answer

identification

question

The technology that is used to alter DNA and switch genetic material from one organism to another is know as: geomicrobiology bioremediation recombinant DNA technology biotechnology microbial morphology

answer

recombinant DNA technology

question

_____ is the process by which microbes carry out the decomposition of harmful chemicals. This is the introduction of microbes into the environment to clean up toxic pollutants.

answer

Bioremediation

question

A(n) _____ derives benefits from its host and harms its host in the process. parasite symbiont commensal microorganism

answer

parasite

question

Which term defines the organism in/on which smaller organisms (or viruses) live, feed, and reproduce? Host Virus Parasite

answer

Host

question

A(n) _____ disease, such as SARS or viral encephalitis, is a newly identified infectious disease that is becoming more prominent.

answer

emerging

question

Which type of organism can derive all of the nutrients and factors it requires in order to reproduce from the environment? Prokaryotic organism Parasite Virus Free-living organism

answer

Free-living organism

question

The germ theory of disease has been so thoroughly tested that it has become a _____ or principle.

answer

law

question

Which of the following processes is the decomposition of harmful chemicals by microbes? Bioremediation Pasteurization Fermentation

answer

Bioremediation

question

Genetic _____, or recombinant DNA technology, is a method of deliberately modifying the genetic structure of an organism to create novel products.

answer

engineering

question

In the Whittaker system, the most inclusive level of classification is the _____. species phylum kingdom domain

answer

kingdom

question

Use of a laboratory test to determine the fermentation capabilities of a microbial species is part of the process known as _____.

answer

identification

question

Which of the following are aspects of microbiology that are studied by microbiologists? Microbial genetics Industrial microbiology Environment Horticulture Agricultural engineering

answer

Microbial genetics Industrial microbiology Environment

question

The level of classification directly under the genus is the _____. kingdom order family species

answer

species

question

_____ are single-celled eukaryotic organisms that lack a cell wall.

answer

Protozoa

question

Which of the following are branches of study in microbiology? Bacteriology Virology Zoology Mycology Immunology

answer

Bacteriology Virology Mycology Immunology

question

What is a helminth? A parasitic worm A prokaryotic cell that lives in harsh environments A filamentous stage in fungal life cycle A unicellular pathogen

answer

A parasitic worm

question

_____ are photosynthetic single-celled or multicellular microorganisms are often found in aquatic environments.

answer

Algae

question

Eukaryotic organisms are: only single-celled only multicellular either unicellular or multicellular

answer

either unicellular or multicellular

question

Which of the following microorganisms are made up of eukaryotic cells? Fungi Archaea Protozoans Helminths Viruses Bacteria

answer

Fungi Protozoans Helminths

question

Which of the following are prokaryotic microbes? Plants Fungi Archaea S. aureus Bacteria

answer

Archaea S. aureus Bacteria

question

_____ DNA technology is used to switch genetic material from one organism to another in order to produce desirable proteins.

answer

Recombinant

question

A disease that has been known for hundreds of years and that is increasing in occurrence is known as a(n) _____ disease. emerging communicable reemerging

answer

reemerging

question

The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that there are about _____ infections of all types across the world every year. 10 billion 100 million 1 billion 1 million

answer

10 billion

question

Which of the following are aspects of microbiology that are studied by microbiologists? Microbial genetics Agricultural engineering Horticulture Environment Industrial microbiology

answer

Microbial genetics Environment Industrial microbiology

question

Which scientist established a connection between infections in the maternity ward and physicians with unwashed hands coming directly from autopsies? Lister van Leeuwenhoek Semmelweis Koch

answer

Semmelweis

question

Generally, _____ microbes are larger than prokaryotic microbes.

answer

eukaryotic

question

The unit of measurement for most bacterial cells is _____ and most viruses is _____. millimeters; nanometers micrometers; nanometers micrometers; micrometers nanometers; micrometers

answer

micrometers; nanometers

question

Who developed the first single-lens microscope? Robert Koch Louis Pasteur Antonie van Leeuwenhoek Ignaz Semmelweis

answer

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

question

Which of the following are contributions made by Koch to the development of microbiology? Establishment of techniques for the growing of microorganisms in culture. Development of modern aseptic techniques practices in surgery. Identification of the agent responsible for causing anthrax. Realization that hand washing reduces the chance of disease. Invention of pasteurization for the preservation of food. Establishment of a series of proofs that verified the germ theory of disease.

answer

Establishment of techniques for the growing of microorganisms in culture. Identification of the agent responsible for causing anthrax. Establishment of a series of proofs that verified the germ theory of disease.

question

Before a hypothesis may be tested using the _____ approach of the scientific method, events that will happen must be predicted by the scientist.

answer

deductive

question

Microbiology has many branches of study; _____ is the detailed study of fungi, whereas _____ is the study of the body's defenses to infection.

answer

mycology, immunology

question

True or False: If two microbes are of the same genus, they must be in the same class.

answer

True

question

True or False: If two microbes are in the same family, they must be the same species.

answer

False Species is a more specific level of classification than family, therefore, not every species will be part of the same family.

question

_____ promoted hand washing before Lister introduced disinfection during surgery.

answer

Semmelweis

question

_____ is the process that uses the sun's energy to produce organic compounds and ATP from carbon dioxide and water.

answer

Photosynthesis

question

True or False: Staphylococcus aureus is the correct way to write this organism's binomial name when used in a scientific journal article.

answer

False Need to be italicized.

question

In the _____ system of nomenclature, organisms are assigned and identified by a two-word name representing the genus and species names.

answer

binomial

question

Actual classification of organisms, not the naming system.

answer

Taxonomy

question

All members of the same phylum must also be members of the same _____. genus kingdom species

answer

kingdom *Members of a higher taxonomic level may not be in the same lower taxonomic level.

question

The binomial system of nomenclature assigns _____ names to each organism. four one two three

answer

two

question

Which of the following microorganisms represent prokaryotic cell types? Protists Bacteria Viruses Algae

answer

Bacteria

question

A(n) _____ is any small, membrane-bound component found inside of a eukaryotic cell.

answer

organelle

question

Which type of microorganism possesses a membrane-bound nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, and undergoes mitotic cell division? Prokaryotic Eukaryotic

answer

Eukaryotic

question

A microorganism that lacks a membrane-bound nucleus and most membrane-bound organelles, and divides by binary fission is correctly termed a _____.

answer

prokaryote

question

True or False: All prokaryotes are microorganisms, but not all eukaryotes are microorganisms.

answer

True

question

The major groups of microbes include the _____, fungi, _____, protozoa, algae, and plants.

answer

bacteria, virus

question

_____ refers to any life forms that cannot be observed easily without magnification, not only those organisms that cause disease.

answer

Microbes

question

Which microbe(s) have a true nucleus? Archaea Virus Prion Protists Yeast

answer

Protists Yeast *Prions are infectious proteins, not cells, and therefore lack a true nucleus.

question

\"Microbes\" and \"_____\" are terms that can be used interchangeably.

answer

microorganisms

question

Organisms that are only visible with the aid of a microscope are referred to as _____.

answer

microscopic

question

A good hypothesis must be: tested once to determine its complete validity true in all related situations developed from a scientific theory able to be supported or rejected by experimentation

answer

able to be supported or rejected by experimentation

question

True or False: The scientific method takes into account preconceived ideas, such as religion or superstition, of the scientist.

answer

False

question

A(n) _____ is the term used for ANY disease-causing microorganism.

answer

pathogen

question

A(n) _____ cell will not contain organelles, such as mitochondria or a nucleus. prokaryotic eukaryotic plant human

answer

prokaryotic

question

What cellular structure is found in ALL cells? Golgi Lysosome Cell membrane Mitochondria Nucleus

answer

Cell membrane

question

In both classification systems, the _____ is the most specific level of organization and is immediately under the genus.

answer

species

question

A protozoan lives and reproduces inside of a human red blood cell. In this case, the human is an example of a(n) _____. parasite vector commensal host

answer

host

question

A microbial pathogen is considered a(n) _____ because it derives benefits from its host and harms its host in the process

answer

parasite

question

_____ is the process of arranging organisms into groups based on relationships and history.

answer

Classification

question

All members of a family are classified in the same _____. genus kingdom species

answer

kingdom

question

Fungi, protozoans, and helminths are all composed of _____ cells, whereas bacteria and archaea are composed of _____ cells.

answer

eukaryotic prokaryotic

question

Microbiology has a large range of disciplines; _____ involves the monitoring and control of the spread of disease through communities, whereas _____ involves any process in which humans use the metabolism of organism to arrive at a desired product.

answer

epidemiology biotechnology

question

For the organism Escherichia coli, coli represents the _____.

answer

species

question

For the organism Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus represents the _____ level of classification.

answer

genus

question

The appropriate binomial abbreviation of Staphylococcus aureus is: Staph S. aureus Staph aureus Staphylococcus a.

answer

S. aureus

question

Which of the following could be considered nomenclature? Grouping species of bacteria into the genus Salmonella based on relationships between them. Assigning a name to a new isolate of Salmonella based on its geography (Salmonella arizona). Determining that Salmonella species are capable of producing hydrogen sulfide.

answer

Assigning a name to a new isolate of Salmonella based on its geography (Salmonella arizona).

question

Who developed a series of proofs that verified the germ theory and could be used to determine which organism caused which disease? Pasteur Koch Lister Redi

answer

Koch

question

The _____ theory of disease, first proposed in the 1800s, stated that microorganisms could cause infection and illness.

answer

germ

question

_____ is the breakdown of dead matter and wastes into simple compounds that can be directed back into the natural cycle of living things.

answer

Decomposition

question

Viral particles are usually _____ than prokaryotic cells. smaller larger

answer

smaller

question

Which of the following could be considered identification? Assigning a name to a new isolate of Salmonella based on its geography (Salmonella arizona). Grouping species of bacteria into the genus Salmonella based on relationships between them. Determining that Salmonella species are capable of producing hydrogen sulfide.

answer

Determining that Salmonella species are capable of producing hydrogen sulfide.

question

Microbes are involved in the flow of _____ and food through the world's ecosystems.

answer

energy

question

What technology involves the deliberate modification of the genetic structure of an organism to create novel products? DNA fingerprinting Organic agriculture Genetic engineering PCR

answer

Genetic engineering

question

A free_living organism could be considered the opposite of a _____ organism.

answer

parasitic

question

In the 1600s, van Leeuwenhoek developed a large collection of single-lens _____.

answer

microscopes

question

Which cell type is generally larger in size? Prokaryotic cells Eukaryotic cells

answer

Eukaryotic cells

question

Which process uses the sun's energy to produce organic compounds and ATP from carbon dioxide and water? Respiration Photosynthesis Bioremediation

answer

Photosynthesis

question

When a theory is supported by compelling evidence that it is correct, it becomes known as a law deduction hypothesis

answer

law

question

_____ diseases are among the most common causes of death in much of the world's population.

answer

Infectious

question

In general, disease-causing organisms are referred to as: microorganisms bacteria pathogens animacules

answer

pathogens

Chapter 1: The Main Themes of Microbiology

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