question

Great Plains Indians

answer

hunted the migratory buffalo herds and utilized the all of the animal's body

question

Sand Creek Massacre

answer

Indians were massacred at Sand Creek even though they thought they were protected by federal troops

question

Desert Land Act

answer

allowed western ranchers to acquire 640 acres for $1.25 an acre

question

Board of Indian Commissioners

answer

ana agency established by Congress to reform abuses on reservations

question

Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868

answer

created the Great Sioux Reserve west of the Missouri River in South Dakota. Provided livestock and farm implements. Purpose was part of a new reservation policy to \"insure civilization for the Indians and peace and safety for the whites.\"

question

1887 Dawes Severalty Act

answer

divided tribally held reservation lands into small allotments for families and individuals

question

Ghost Dance

answer

a cycle of ritual songs and dance steps designed to bring about the destruction European Americans and their removal from Indian lands

question

Wounded Knee

answer

massacre of Indians in 1890

question

Much of the labor constructing the railroads throughout the West was provided by the groups\"

answer

Chinese, Irish, African-Americans, Mexicans

question

Homestead Act

answer

offered 160 acres of land to any settler who would pay a $10 registration fee, live on the land for five years. and cultivate it

question

advances in technology that enabled the Great Plains farmer to increase the land's yield tenfold

answer

efficient steel plows, improved threshers. specially-designed wheat planters, improved grain binders

question

dry farming

answer

plowing deeply and harrowing lightly to raise a covering of dirt that would retain moisture after a rainfall

question

Result of Red River War

answer

Indian independence on the southern Plains came to an end

question

Frontier communities

answer

cooperation among neighbors as form of insurance in a rugged environment

question

Western state governments & women suffrage

answer

generally supported woman suffrage, sometimes hoping that it would attract women, families and economic growth

question

method eastern reformers wanted to use to deal with native americans

answer

wanted to provide them with formal schooling in English and destroy their native culture

question

Where did the federal government attempt to confine all Plains Indian Tribes in the late nineteenth century

answer

Oklahoma and South Dakota

question

where did the culture adaptation of Spanish-speaking Americans to Anglo society go relatively smoothly

answer

Arizona and New Mexico

question

after discovery of the Comstock lode, Nevada experienced

answer

orgy of speculation and building

question

Nat Love and Bose Ikard

answer

black cowboys

question

Agribusinesses needed

answer

heavy investments in equipment

question

Oklahoma Land Rush of 1889

answer

thousands of settlers rushed into the Oklahoma Territory on April 22, 1889, to stake out homesteads

question

Helen Hunt Jackson

answer

rebuked the government for constantly breaking the treaties with the Indians

question

\"Buffalo Bill\" Cody's Wild West

answer

presented mock battles of army scouts and Indians as morality dramas of good versus evil

question

Deseret

answer

it was new country that Brigham Young and the Mormons tried to create

question

Frederick Jackson Turner

answer

historian who put forth the thesis that the frontier was the key to the American character

question

John Wesley Powell

answer

his campaign was to protect the wilderness, leading to establishment of Yosemite National Park and founding of the Sierra Club

question

19th century conservation movement

answer

attempted to educate the public about the destruction of the environment

question

Las Gorras Blancas (the White Caps)

answer

vigilante group formed by 1880s Mexican-Americans in Arizona and New Mexico to protect their interests

question

Canadian Klondike

answer

discovery of gold here led to settlers moving to Alaska to form territorial government

question

Crop found to grow very well in Dakotas in 1870s

answer

wheat

question

1898 Curtis Act

answer

dissolved the Indian Territory and abolished tribal governments

question

Interstate Commerce Commission

answer

established to investigate and oversee railroad activites

question

why did the Knights of Labor collapse in the 1880s

answer

1. all-inclusive membership undermined its unity 2. workers became disillusioned when a series of unauthorized strikes failed

question

magnetic telegraph

answer

communications system used by the railroads to coordinate their complex flow of rail cars at the end of the civil war

question

John D. Rockefeller

answer

founded Standard Oil

question

Sherman Anti-Trust Act

answer

outlawed trusts and other monopolies that fixed prices in restraint of trade

question

James Duke

answer

offered trading cards and prizes targeted at young people to persuade them to smoke addictive cigarettes

question

Henry Grady

answer

advocated diversifying the economy and expanding industrial production in the South

question

Result of rapid industrial development of the U.S. between 1860 and 1900

answer

economy dominated by enormous corporations

question

southern farmers by 1880s

answer

specialized in growing cash crops such as cotton and tobacco and therefore were particularly vulnerable to the fluctuations of commercial agriculture

question

New South Creed

answer

supported by industrialists who believed that the South's natural resources and cheap labor made it a natural site for industrial development

question

Eugene V. Debs

answer

led the American Railway Union in the Pullman Strike

question

Henry George

answer

argued in Progress and Poverty that the government should tax the \"unearned increment\" of rising land prices and use the funds to ameliorate the misery caused by industrialization

question

Child labor in late nineteenth century

answer

common in the coal mines and cotton mills

question

women joined the work force in growing numbers in the late nineteenth century

answer

changes in agriculture brought young farm women into the industrial labor force and immigrant daughters worked to supplement meager family incomes

question

Upward mobility in the late nineteenth century

answer

immigrants who got ahead in the late nineteenth century were more likely to go from rags to respectability from rags to riches

question

Railroad entrepreneurs

answer

Jay Gould, Collis Huntington, James Hill

question

Chinese immigrants

answer

immigrants in the west bore the brunt of labor hostility in the 1870s and 1880s

question

Horatio Alger

answer

influenced American society by propagating the \"rags to riches\" idea

question

result of the Haymarket Square bombing in 1886

answer

resulted in intensified animosity toward labor unions

question

William Graham Sumner

answer

argued that \"the law of survival of the fittest was not made by man, and it cannot be abrogated by man. We can only, by interfering with it, provide the survival of the unfit test.\"

question

Adam Smith

answer

argued in The Wealth of Nations self-interest acted as an \"invisible hand\" in the marketplace, automatically regulating the supply of and demand for services

question

Souther and eastern Europeans

answer

new immigrants pouring in to the U.S. between 1890 and 1920

question

Frances Willard

answer

headed the Woman's Christian Temperance Union that pursued various reform issues

question

Tenements

answer

type of building most urban poor people lived in the late 19th century

question

Scott Joplin

answer

king of ragtime

question

Young Men's Christian Association and Young Women's Christian Association

answer

formed mainly to assist rural young men and women who migrated to the city

question

Jane Addams

answer

established Hull House

question

Ways immigrants adjusted to urban life in their new society

answer

skilled workers and immigrants familiar with Anglo-American customs had relatively few problems adjusting, but for others, adjusting was difficult

question

new obligation added to traditional miidli-class woman's role as director of the household in the 1880s and 1890s

answer

had to foster an artistic environment that would nurture her family's cultural improvement

question

major change that took place in late 19th century in teaching medicine, architecture, engineering, and law

answer

standards were raised and practice was professionalized

question

leisure-time activities

answer

became increasingly important to working class in later nineteenth century because factory labor labor was growing more routine and impersonal, and social interactions at the workplace were increasingly inhibited

question

new research universities in late 19th century

answer

offered courses in wide variety of subject areas, established professional schools and encouraged faculty members to pursue basic research

question

Vaudeville

answer

form of theatrical entertainment free largest audiences in late nineteenth century America

question

North American Review

answer

magazine viewed in late nineteenth century as important highbrow periodical

question

Sister Carrie

answer

story of innocent and attractive girl from Wisconsin who is seduced by a traveling salesman, moves in with the married proprietor of a fancy salon and eventually pursue sa career in theater

question

John L. Sullivan

answer

represented America's love affair with boxing

question

Thorstein Veblen

answer

coined the term \"conspicuous consumption\" to describe the excessive materialism and flaunting of wealth of America's captains of industry

question

two issues that dominated national politics in the 1870s and 1880s

answer

money supply and civil-service reform

question

Democratic Party

answer

strongest in the South in the 19th century

question

William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer changed the newspaper industry by

answer

competing for readers by writing sensationalized stories that captured the reader's attention

question

William Jennings Bryan

answer

became famous for the \"Cross of Gold\" speech in the 1896 presidential election

question

Pendleton Act

answer

established a civil-service commission

question

Josiah Strong

answer

influenced American imperialism by asserting that the U.S. had a moral responsibility to civilize other races

question

James Garfield's presidency

answer

never really got started since he was assassinated soon after coming to office

question

Grange (Patrons of Husbandry)

answer

organization of farmers

question

farmers' alliance movement

answer

initially advocated farmer's cooperatives and eventually turned to politics

question

Plessy v. Ferguson

answer

Supreme Court ruled that separate but equal facilities for the different races were constitutional

question

blacks' treatment in the North in the late nineteenth century

answer

public opinion sanctioned widespread de facto discrimination

question

McKinley Tariff

answer

raised tariffs to the highest levels in American history up until that time

question

main importance of establishment of Interstate Commerce Commission

answer

ended the ability of states to regulate railroads within their boundaries

question

Coxey's Army

answer

wanted a $500 million public-works program funded with paper money

question

Alfred Thayer Mahan

answer

The Influence of Sea Power on History

question

Teller Amendment

answer

asserted that the United States had no interest in sovereignty, jurisdiction or control of Cuba

question

Philippines after the Spanish-American War

answer

Filipino resistance fighters fought a protracted and bloody guerrilla war against United States rule

question

Machine politics

answer

form of urban politics where local politicians, known as bosses, dominated urban areas

question

Currency Act of 1900

answer

set aside a gold reserve that could be legally exchanged or paper currency

question

Mary Harris Jones

answer

was a leader of the United Mine Workers of America who expanded its membership by stressing the need to fight for families.

question

Who led the American Railway Union in the Pullman Strike?

answer

Eugene V. Debs

question

Who founded Standard Oil?

answer

John D. Rockefeller

question

Which of the following statements about the period from 1860 to 1900 is true?

answer

Manufacturing output soared; Innovative advertising and marketing techniques were created; Industry often polluted the environment; Boom-bust business cycles produced two major depressions

question

What did Henry George argue in Progress and Poverty?

answer

that the government should tax the unearned profits of rising land prices and use the funds to ease the misery caused by industrialization.

question

Which of the following best describes economic mobility in late nineteenth century America?

answer

Millions experienced an improved standard of living, yet the gap between rich and poor widened

question

Which of the following issues obstructed the growth of unions in the late 19th century?

answer

Divisions between skilled craftsmen and common laborers; Limited financial resources; Divisions over tactics; Ethnic and religious diversity of the working class

question

Which of the following statements concerning the Sherman Anti-Trust Act are true?

answer

Its success was limited, since only 18 suits were brought by the government from 1890 to 1904; Companies like Standard Oil got around it by reorganizing as holding companies

question

Which of the following statements accurately reflects the differences between single working-class women and married working-class women in the nineteenth century?

answer

Married women commonly worked under sweatshop conditions within the tenements, whereas single women often viewed outside work as an opportunity

question

Why did women join the work force in growing numbers in the late nineteenth century?

answer

Changes in agriculture brought young farm women into the industrial labor force, and immigrant daughters worked to supplement meager family incomes

question

Which of the following were ways that Andrew Carnegie revolutionized the steel industry?

answer

standardizing workplace procedures to achieve greater efficiency; incorporating the Bessemer process in his steel manufacturing factories; utilizing vertical integration to minimize costs and maximize profits; applying rigorous cost accounting

question

Which of the following was the result of the rapid industrial development of the United States between 1860 and 1900?

answer

an economy dominated by enormous corporations

question

What did Adam Smith argue in The Wealth of Nations?

answer

Self-interest acted as an \"invisible hand\" in the marketplace, automatically regulating the supply of and demand for services

question

How did southern cotton mills differ from northern cotton mills in the 1880s?

answer

Southern cotton mills were located in the countryside rather than cities.

question

Which of the following was a positive effect of the lumber industry in the South?

answer

There was an increase in employment among African-Americans.

question

Besides the fact that its all-inclusive membership undermined its unity, why did the Knights of Labor collapse in the late 1880s?

answer

Workers became disillusioned when a series of unauthorized strikes failed.

question

How did industrialization affect skilled craftsmen?

answer

Subdividing the manufacture of a product into smaller jobs meant that an individual no longer manufactured an entire product

question

Dreams of a \"New South\" centered on a vision for

answer

industrial development

question

In the late nineteenth century, child labor was

answer

common in the coal mines and cotton mills

question

Which of the following did Thomas Edison invent?

answer

phonograph

question

Who supported the New South Creed?

answer

Industrialists who believed that the South's natural resources and cheap labor made it a natural site for industrial development.

question

Who argued that \"The law of survival of the fittest was not made by man, and it cannot be abrogated by man. We can only, by interfering with it, produce the survival of the unfittest.\"?

answer

William Graham Sumner

question

Which of the following were principles advocated by Terence V. Powderly and the Knights of Labor?

answer

Temperance; Producer and consumer cooperatives; Immigration restrictions; The admission of blacks into local Knights of Labor assemblies

question

Who were the \"new immigrants\" who poured into the United States between 1890 and 1920?

answer

Southern and Eastern Europeans

question

According to its defenders in the late nineteenth century, college football

answer

was a character-building sport that could function as a surrogate frontier experience in an increasingly urbanized society.

question

Which of the following is an example of the impact of the department store?

answer

It made shopping an adventure; It functioned as a kind of social club and home away from home for comfortably fixed women; It overcame middle- and upper-class reluctance to spend; It convinced middle class families to buy cheaper products that they would have to replace annually

question

What of the following were elements of Hull House's anti-poverty mission?

answer

Establishing settlement houses where workers lived in the neighborhoods they serviced; A philosophy that recognized the hardships of slum life as often being beyond the individual's control; Its emphasis on creating a social center with art and educational programs and a nursery

question

Why did the New York campaigns against vice (gambling, prostitution, saloons) ultimately fail?

answer

The city's population was too large and ethnically diverse for reformers to curb all the illegal activities

question

What did the work of Frances Willard of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union show about many women in the late nineteenth century?

answer

That activists could use the cult of domesticity as a rationale for their efforts to improve society

question

The Salvation Army was

answer

organized along pseudo-military lines to provide food, shelter, temporary employment and morality to poor immigrant families

question

Which of the following statements accurately describes urban growth in the late 19th century.

answer

Urban populations grew dramatically with cities such as Chicago growing by over 400 percent

question

Why did young farm women lead the exodus from rural areas to cities?

answer

Farming was increasingly male work due to mechanization.

question

Why was the development of the flush toilet and indoor plumbing so significant?

answer

It helped fight the many diseases that flourish in polluted waters

question

Department stores educated society about the uses of many new products, just as they established norms about what goods \"proper\" families should maintain in their possession. What term best illustrates this function of department stores?

answer

They \"socialized\" people to the need for products

question

Modernist architects like Frank Lloyd Wright believed that

answer

A building's form should follow its function

question

What is the significance of the book Sister Carrie?

answer

Its realistic story of a 'fallen' woman warned of the dangers of the new urban environment.

question

For a late-nineteenth-century unmarried working-class woman, why did amusement parks exert a powerful lure?

answer

They were places to meet friends, get away from parental supervision, and try out the latest dance steps

question

One reason for the popularity of professional baseball in the late 19th century was it

answer

fostered solidarity among some ethnic groups

question

What of the following were elements of Hull House's anti-poverty mission?

answer

Its emphasis on creating a social center with art and educational programs and a nursery; A philosophy that recognized the hardships of slum life as often being beyond the individual's control; Establishing settlement houses where workers lived in the neighborhoods they serviced

question

Which of the following statements about Ragtime are true?

answer

It was considered to have catchy, freer and complex rhythms; It originated in brothels and was associated with blacks; It was played strictly for entertainment; The music displayed a fresh originality

question

New systems of mass transit gave the middle class

answer

the opportunity to live miles from their work.

question

Why did leisure-time activities become increasingly important to the working class during the late nineteenth century?

answer

Factory labor was growing more routine and impersonal, and social interactions at the workplace were increasingly inhibited

question

How did the settlement-house movement distinguish itself from other urban social-welfare organizations?

answer

It insisted that charity workers live in slum neighborhoods to better understand the living conditions of the poor

question

How were the new research universities of the late 19th century different from earlier colleges?

answer

They offered courses in a wide variety of subject areas, established professional schools, and encouraged faculty members to pursue basic research

question

Which of the following is a valid conclusion to draw about the ways in which immigrants adjusted to urban life in their new society?

answer

Skilled workers and immigrants familiar with Anglo-American customs had relatively few problems adjusting, but for others, adjusting was difficult.

question

Economist Thorstein Veblen used the term \"conspicuous consumption\" to describe

answer

The excessive materialism of the wealthy and the widening gap between workers and the wealthy

question

During the late nineteenth century, the working-class saloon was

answer

the center for immigrant politics; a place to escape the socially isolating routines of the factory; a place for a free lunch

question

Who was known as the king of ragtime?

answer

Scott Joplin

question

Which of the following is evidence that public education in the late-nineteenth-century United States had become entangled in ethnic and class differences?

answer

The proliferation of private and parochial schools; The debates over classroom decorum; The efforts to wrest control of schools from neighborhood leaders; The controversy over compulsory education

question

What did the work of Frances Willard of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union show about many women in the late nineteenth century?

answer

That activists could use the cult of domesticity as a rationale for their efforts to improve society.

question

no desire for control of Cuba

answer

The Teller amendment asserted that the United States had

question

an organization of farmers.

answer

The Grange (the Patrons of Husbandry) was

question

financial difficulty in the railroad industry

answer

What event triggered the Panic of 1893?

question

in the Canadian Klondike

answer

.Enough settlers moved to Alaska for it to establish its own territorial government when gold was discovered

question

Machine politics

answer

a form of urban politics where local politicians, known as bosses, dominated urban areas.

question

Ghost Dance

answer

a ritual where Indians danced until they were dizzy and fell into a trance, in which they saw visions of the future.

question

Thorstein Veblen

answer

Who coined the term \"conspicuous consumption\" to describe the excessive materialism and flaunting of wealth of America's captains of industry?

question

Yellow dog contracts

answer

contracts in which workers promised not to strike or join a union.

question

Married women commonly worked under sweatshop conditions within the tenements, whereas single women often viewed outside work as an opportunity.

answer

Which of the following statements accurately reflects the differences between single working-class women and married working-class women in the nineteenth century?

question

How did William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer change the newspaper industry?

answer

They competed for readers by writing sensationalized stories that captured the reader's attention.

question

The 1898 Curtis Act

answer

dissolved the Indian Territory and abolished tribal governments.

question

13th

answer

amendment that abolished slavery

question

All of these (The rapid spread of technological innovation and the factory system, the impulse to drive rivals out of buisness and consolidate monopolistic power, and the exploitation of immense coal deposits as a source of cheap energy)

answer

Which of the following was characteristic of modern industrial America after the Civil War?

question

All of these (He incorporated the Bessemer process in his steel-manufacturing factories, he standardized workplace procedures to achieve greater efficiency, and he utilized vertical intergration to minimize costs and maximize profits)

answer

How did Andrew Carnegie revolutionize the steel industry?

question

Its use of strikes in the mid-1880s led to great backlash

answer

Besides the fact that its all-inclusive membership undermined its unity, why did the Knights of Labor collapse in the late 1880s?

question

The telegraph

answer

At the end of the Civil War, what communications system did the railroads use to coordinate their complex flow of rail cars?

question

Employee of the Pennsylvania Railroad

answer

Andrew Carnegie learned many of the successful management methods he used in the steel industry when he worked as a(n)

question

John Rockefeller

answer

Who founded Standard Oil?

question

He paid attention to the minutest details

answer

Which of the following was one of the secrets of John D. Rockefeller's success?

question

None of these (It fined violators up to $5 million and called for up to ten years in jail for individuals creating monopolies, it was interpreted by the Supreme Court in ways sympathetic to labor unions, and it clearly defined controversial terms like \"trust\" and \"restraint of trade\" for the first time)

answer

What did the Sherman Anti-Trust Act do?

question

It ruled that manufacturing was not interstate commerce

answer

How did the Supreme Court, in the \"United States V. Knight Company\", diminish the effectiveness of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act?

question

Phonograph

answer

*Which of the following did Thomas Edison invent?

question

He advocated diversifying the economy and expanding industrial production in the South

answer

What did Henry Grady advocate?

question

they had left the land to become industrial workers because western competition drove southern farms out of buisness

answer

By the 1880s, what had happened to most southern farmers?

question

Industrialists who believes that the South's natural resources and cheap labor made it a natural site for industrial development

answer

Who supported the New South creed?

question

Eugene Debs

answer

Who led the American Railway Union in the Pullman strike

question

Subdividing the manufacture of a product into smaller jobs meant that an individual no longer manufactured an entire product

answer

How did the industrialization affect skilled craftsmen?

question

Germans

answer

Which immigrants were most likely to be found in skilled trades in the 1880s?

question

Changes in agriculture brought young farm woman into the industrial labor force, and immigrant daughters worked to supplement meager family incomes

answer

Why did woman join the work force in growing numbers in the late nineteeth century?

question

All of these (Immigration restrictions, temperance, the addmission of blacks into local Knights of Labor assemblies, and producer and consumer cooperatives)

answer

What did Terence V. Powderly and the Knights of Labor advocate?

question

Chinese immigrants

answer

Which immigrantsin the West bore the brunt of labor hostility in the 1870s and 1880s?

question

He propagated the rags-to-riches idea

answer

How did Horatio Alger influence American society?

question

strike

answer

Yellow dog contracts were contracts In which workers promised not to_____of join a union

question

intensified animosity toward labor unions

answer

What was the result of the Haymarket Square bombing in 1886?

question

Karl Marx

answer

Who argued that Capitalists would eventually create their own destruction by driving impoverished workers to revol

question

A. Self-interest acted as an invisible hand in the marketplace, automatically regulating the supply of and demand for services

answer

What did Adam Smith argue in \"The Wealth of Nations\"?

question

W.E.B. Dubois

answer

more militant spokesman for blacks at the turn of the twentieth century;first black man to get Phd. at Harvard, wanted equal rights immediately; wrote \"The Souls of Black Folk; thought voting would help blacks with economic stability

question

political

answer

Civil war reconstruction was what kind of process?

question

American Federation of Labor

answer

endorsed \"bread and butter unionism\" and fought for higher wages, shorter hours, and improved working conditions? the first federation of labor unions in the United States. It was founded in Columbus, Ohio, in May 1886 by an alliance of craft unions disaffected from the Knights of Labor, a national labor association, and leaad by Samuel Gompers.

question

National Labor Union

answer

first national labor federation in the United States. Founded in 1866 and dissolved in 1873 because of the depression of 1873. It was uneffective because it wont strike as its members didn't want to look \"working class\" and survival takes place over strikes, but it paved the way for other organizations, such as the Knights of Labor and the AFL (American Federation of Labor).

question

William Appleman Williams

answer

\"Tragedy of American Diplomacy\" Revisionist who believed that the us was responsible for the cold war and argued that economic motives had guided American foreign policy at least since the end of the 19th Century, which lead the U.S. into war after war (inc. Cold War) - early example of New Left

question

Roosevelt Corollary

answer

Roosevelt's 1904 extension of the Monroe Doctrine, stating that the United States has the right to protect its economic interests in South And Central America by using military force, first put into effect in Dominican Republic

question

Panama Canal

answer

built by the U.S. in order to have a quicker passage to the Pacific from the Atlantic and vice versa. It cost $400,000,000 to build. Columbians would not let Americans build it, but then with the assistance of the United States a Panamanian Revolution occurred. The new ruling people allowed the United States to build the canal.

question

Theodore Roosevelt

answer

Although a Republican Conservative, he passed a lot of laws to help the poor. 2. Liked by most of U.S population. 3. His motto was \"A Square Deal for ALL\" 4. He is the first strong president since Lincoln. 5. He is a Progressive President. 6. Ex-military leader (Span.-American War)

question

Eugene V Debs

answer

Head of the American Railway Union and director of the Pullman strike; he was imprisoned along with his associates for ignoring a federal court injunction to stop striking. While in prison, he read Socialist literature and emerged as a Socialist leader in America. Became the leader of the Socialist party in the early 1900s and ran as its perennial presidential candidate

question

Women's Trade Union League

answer

U.S. organization of both working class and more well-off women formed in 1903 to support the efforts of women to organize labor unions and to eliminate sweatshop conditions; had some success because of women like Anne Morgan and Alva Vanderbilt Belmont

question

Jane Adams

answer

1st woman to graduate from college in 1889; pioneer settlement worker, founder of Hull House settlement house in Chicago, public philosopher, sociologist, author, and leader in woman suffrage and world peace.

question

Samuel Gompers

answer

The leader of the AF of L between 1886 and 1924, he went after the basics of higher wages and improved working conditions. He knew organized the AFL into categories and knew that when all the category went on strike owners could be pressured into giving in from other businessmen.

question

Anthony Comstock

answer

Crusader for sexual purity Used the federal law (Comstock Law) a Federal law used to prosecute moral and sexual dissidents to enforce his moral views (cant talk about birth control, withdrawal (give up child)

question

William Jennings Bryan

answer

three-time democratic nominee; lost presidential election of 1896; only had $300,000 to campaign, grueling by train-stopped at every po-dunk town; committed to changing currency to silver, \"Cross of Gold Speech\"; democrats in disarray,\"platform from hell\"

question

Teller Amendment

answer

The act of Congress in 1898 that stated that when the United States had rid Cuba of Spanish misrule, Cuba would be granted its freedom.

question

Interstate Commerce Act

answer

In 1887, Congress passed this law at the behest of farmers who sought to forbid price discrimination and other monopolistic practices of the railroads. The commission created by this law had no real power until the Theodore Roosevelt administration, though.

question

Frederick Jackson Turner

answer

\"Fronteir or Turner Thesis\"American historian who argued that the encounter with the ever-recding West had fundamentally shaped America

question

Knights of Labor

answer

Wanted \"utopian\" labor ideas for society; everyone equal, no class; workers own factory sought to organize both skilled and unskilled workers, women as well as men, blacks along with whites, and achieved a membership of nearly 800,000 in 1886 but only 100,000 by 1890; fell apart because it was too vague of a concept

question

Plessy vs Ferguson

answer

stated that the principle of separate but equal public facilities for African Americans was constitutional.

question

Edward Bellamy

answer

Who wrote \"Looking Backward\" the book that defined nationalism as a single government-controlled monopoly that distributed the nation's production equally among all the people

question

Social Darwinism

answer

The belief that only the fittest survive in human political and economic struggle.

question

cuban revolution 1895

answer

Cuban War of Independence (1895-1898) was the last of three liberation wars that Cuba fought against Spain; the final three months of the conflict escalated to become the Spanish-American War, with United States forces being deployed in Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippine Islands against Spain. Historians disagree as the extent that United States officials were motivated to intervene for humanitarian reasons but agree that yellow journalism exaggerated atrocities attributed to Spanish forces against Cuban civilians.

question

Andrew Carnegie

answer

started and monopolized the steel industry; set the standard for new steel mills. Carnegie was an advocate of Social Darwinism and believed that unrestricted competition would eliminate weak businesses. He also thought that a concentration of wealth was a natural result of capitalism, but that it should be given back to society. ECONOMIC & CULTURAL.

question

Pullman Palace Car Strike

answer

strike lead by Eugene Debs who encouraged no violence but which brought about a shut down of western railroads, and took place against the Pullman Palace Car Company in Chicago in 1893, because of the poor wages of the Pullman workers. It was ended by the president Cleveland due to the interference with the mail system, and brought a bad image upon unions. Debs goes to prison

question

Homestead Steel Mill Strike

answer

violent steel mill strike of 1892 in Pittsburgh over a lock out follwing a decision to cut wages by nearly 20%, and ended with the destruction of the Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel workers, probably the largest craft union at the time. Union workers had had a friendly relationship with Carnegie's company until Henry Frick became President and wanted to cut costs

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John d. rockefeller

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unusually skillful business organizer. He founded Standard Oil Company and the Standard Oil Trust, which dominated American oil refining. Like others of his ilk, he sought to stabilize his industry, reduce competition, and maximize profits.

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Frances Willard

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suffragist but believed that it would be more successful to advocate that women could bring a mother / wife perspective to politics. She became leader of the Women's Christian Temperance Union. CULTURAL & POLITICAL.

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Hull house

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Settlement house founded by progressive reformer Jane Adams in Chicago in 1889 which provided English lessons for immigrants, daycares, and child care classes

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Haymarket square bombing

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riot led by the knights of labor in Chicago. It began as an attempt to secure an 8 hour work day. 12 people were killed when an anarchist threw a bomb into a column of policemen. This act of violence was linked to the Knights of Labor and was a major setback to their cause

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Chinese Exclusion Act

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1882 act that excluded Chinese immigrant workers for ten years and denied U.S. citizenship to Chinese nationals living in the United States.

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Pendleton Act

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act of 1883 - federal legislation that created a system in which federal employees were chosen based upon competitive exams. This made job positions based on merit or ability and not inheritance or class. It also created the Civil Service Commission.

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Platt amendment

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amendment that stated Cuba could not make any treaty with another nation that would weaken its independence or allow another foreign power to gain territory in Cuba. 2. Cuba had to allow the US to buy or lease naval stations in Cuba. 3. Cuba's debts had to be kept low to prevent foreign countries from landing troops to enforce payment. 4. The US would have the right to intervene to protect Cuban independence and keep order.

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homestead act

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Act that allowed a settler to acquire as much as 160 acres of land by living on it for 5 years, improving it, and paying a nominal fee of about $30 - instead of public land being sold primarily for revenue, it was now being given away to encourage a rapid filling of empty spaces and to provide a stimulus to the family farm, turned out to be a cruel hoax because the land given to the settlers usually had terrible soil and the weather included no precipitation, many farms were repo'd or failed until \"dry farming\" took root on the plains , then wheat, then massive irrigation projects

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Terence Powderly

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The leader of the Knights of Labour, who helped the society to go public in 1881. He advocated a variety of reforms including 1) worker cooperatives \"to make each man his own employer,\" 2) abolition of child labour, and 3) abolition of trusts and monopolies.

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to investigate and oversee railroad activities

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*Why was the interstate commerce commission established?

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Chinese immigrants

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*Which immigrants in the West bore the brunt of labor hostility in the 1870s and 1880s?

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15th

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*amendment meant to protect the black voters

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Helen Hunt Jackson

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* Rebuked the government for constantly violating Indian treatie

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Andrew Johnson

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*Impeached for attempting to fire secretary of state Edwin Stanton in violation of Tenure of Office Act

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Freedman's bureau

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*aided former slaves and war refugees adjust to life after the Civil War

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sharecropping

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*System in which poor farmers would rent land from large landowners in exchange for half the crop produced on the land

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it advanced but remained quite limited

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*Which statement describes southern black education during reconstruction?

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c

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*The first transcontinental railroad was a. financed entirely by private capital, with no government subsidy. b. chartered originally by the Confederacy, in its hopes to take over the West, and then continued by the Union after the South's defeat. c. completed in 1869 with the joining of the Union Pacific and Central tracks in Utah. d. built primarily with forced labor of Sioux, Cheyenne, and Comanche prisoners of war and black slaves.

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Frederick Jackson Turner

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Historian who put forth the idea that the frontier was key to the American character

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common

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In the late nineteenth century, child labor was ______ in the coal mines and cotton mills.

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intensified animosity toward labor unions

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What was the result in the Haymarket Square bombing in 1886?

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Anthony Comstock

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moral purity crusader

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It insisted that charity workers live in slum neighborhoods to better understand the living conditions of the poor.

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How did the settlement-house movement distinguish itself from other urban social-welfare organizations?

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William Jennings Bryan

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Who became famous for cross-of-gold speech in 1896 presidential election?

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racial segregation was constitutional provided that each race held separate but equal facilities

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In late 19th century cases dealing with the rights of blacks, what did the Supreme Court decide?

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Teller Amendment

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asserted that the United States had no interest in sovereignty, jurisdiction, or control of Cuba.

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Booker T. Washington

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argued that black americans should acquire useful skills and patiently accept their lot until racism faded

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protect the citizenship right of males

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The intention of the Fourteenth Amendment was to

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Black codes

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laws passed by southern state legislatures to restrict the freedoms of blacks.

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They were all predominantly black institutions that were established in the years immediately following the Civil War.

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What do Howard, Atlanta, and Fisk universities, and Hampton Institute have in common?

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to remove the remaining federal troops from the South.

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In order to convince southern Democrats to accept the election of Rutherford B. Hayes as president, what did Republican backers of Hayes promise?

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A precedent was established against the impeachment of presidents solely on political grounds

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Which one of the following was a result of the impeachment and trial of President Andrew Johnson?

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They hunted the migratory buffalo herds and utilized the all of the animal's body

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Which of the following statements accurately describes most Great Plains Indians in the mid-nineteenth century?

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Dawes Severalty

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The 1887 Act was designed to undermine tribal bonds by treating Indians as individuals.

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They generally supported woman suffrage, sometimes hoping that it would attract women, families, and economic growth.

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Which of the following statements best describes the attitude of western state governments regarding woman suffrage?

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Sherman Anti-Trust Act

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outlawed trusts and other monopolies that fixed prices in restraint of trade.

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tenements

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In what type of building did most urban poor people live in the late 19th century?

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Jane Addams

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Who established Hull House?

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a meeting place for husbands and wives.

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During the late nineteenth century, the working-class saloon was not

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separate but equal facilities for the different races were constitutional.

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In Plessy v. Ferguson, the Supreme Court ruled that

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Teller Amendment

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asserted that the United States had no interest in sovereignty, jurisdiction, or control of Cuba.

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by cancelling most American investments in the island.

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Which of the following was not one of the approaches the United States used in dealing with Cuba in the years after the Spanish-American War?

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Filipino resistance fighters fought a protracted and bloody guerrilla war against United States rule.

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What happened in the Philippines after the Spanish-American War?

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Machine politics

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was a form of urban politics where local politicians, known as bosses, dominated urban areas.

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The ran settlement houses.

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Which of the following functions was not typically performed by political bosses and precinct captains?

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Jim Crow laws

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were a method of imposing strict segregation in things like streetcars, trains, schools, parks, public buildings, and cemeteries.

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They should accommodate themselves to segregation and disfranchisement while at the same time working hard and proving their economic value to society.

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What did Booker T. Washington believe was the best way for blacks to improve their status in the United States?

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increasing public interest in environmental conservation

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What might be considered Theodore Roosevelt's most enduring domestic legacy?

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W. E. B. Du Bois

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was the author of The Souls of Black Folk.

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W.E.B. DuBois

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Which black leader became the chief spokesman for the new civil rights movement and helped to found the Niagara movement and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)?

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restricted membership to only skilled workers.

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Founded in 1886 by Samuel Gompers, the American Federation of Labor:

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argue against interference by judges with workers' right to organize unions.

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3.The American Federation of Labor's founder Samuel Gompers used the idea of \"freedom of contract\" to:

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The AFL proposed an overthrow of the capitalist system.

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4.Which statement about the American Federation of Labor in the early twentieth century is FALSE?

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the US would intervene to establish peace

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5. What did the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine state?

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he took panama from Colombia

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6. How did Teddy Roosevelt secure the Canal Zone in Panama?

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Eugene Debs

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7. Who led the American Railway Union in the Pullman strike?

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a Socialist candidate for president.

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8. Eugene V. Debs was:

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Eugene Debs

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9. Who became the leader of the Socialist party in the early 1900s and ran as its perennial presidential candidate?

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republicans- Taft Socialists- Debs Progressives- Roosevelt Democrats- Wilson

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10. Who were the candidates and what were the parties in the 1912 election?

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Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, and Woodrow Wilson.

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12. The Progressive presidents were:

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believed the president should be an honest broker in labor disputes.

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13.President Theodore Roosevelt:

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wanted to show off the new steel fleet and strike against the spanish dictatorship

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14. In his position as Assistant Secretary of the Navy, why did Theodore Roosevelt order an attack on the Philippines?

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Theodore Roosevelt.

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15. Who used the Sherman Antitrust Act to dissolve J. P. Morgan's Northern Securities Company?

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civil service staffed by gentlemen who needed nothing and wanted nothing from government except the satisfaction of using their talents.

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The civil-service reformers of the late 1870's and early 1880's wanted a

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urban areas with large working-class populations.

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During the Gilded Age, baseball was most popular in

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Island located in San Francisco Bay that served as a federal immigration processing center for immigrants entering the U.S. on the West Coast

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Angel Island

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Danish-American social reformer and the author of How the Other Half Lives who used his photographic talents to help the impoverished in New York CIty

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Jacob Riis

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Founder of the New York Society for the Suppression of Vice demanding that municipal authorities close down gambling and lottery operations and censor obscene publications

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Anthony Comstock

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German-born American caricaturist who, in addition to documenting the massive fraud and corruption of the Tammany Hall political machine, created the modern version of Santa Claus, Uncle Same, and the political symbols of the Democratic (Donkey) and Republican (Elephant) parties.

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Thomas Nast

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Leaders of this movement argued that the rich and the wellborn deserve part of the blame or urban poverty and thus had a responsibility to do something about it

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Social Gospel

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The rapid rise of U.S. cities in the latter half of the nineteenth century led to a greater need for amusement and recreational activities for the urban working class and to the rise of professional sports. John L. Sullivan was one of the most popular sports heroes at this time. What was his sport?

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Boxing

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The leaders of the genteel culture that emerged in the late 1870's and 1880's engaged in a campaign to

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Improve American taste in interior furnishings, textiles, wallpaper, and books

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The concept of a \"new woman\" emerging in the late nineteenth century is associated with all of the following except.

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An increase in the number of women holding elected office at the local, state, and national levels

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Which of statements about American cities between 1860 and 1900 is incorrect?

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By 1900, more than 70 percent of Americans lived in cities

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In the late nineteenth century, middle- and upper-class americans generally frowned on

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saloons, vaudeville, and ragtime

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All of the following is true about urban political machines and their political bosses except

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The \"Boss\" of the machine was always the mayor of the city

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Jane Addams and her coworkers at Hull House did all of the following except

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Pressure Congress to restrict the flow of immigrants to the United States

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Which of the following was not a \"push factor\" contributing to the rapid immigration of the late 19th century?

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The promise of good wages and a broad range of jobs

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\"Old Immigrants\" refer to immigrants from

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Northern and western Europe

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The greatest surge of \"new immigrants\" that came to the U.S. in the early twentieth century were from

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Southern and eastern Europe

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Which of the following states attracted the least number of immigrants by the end of the nineteenth century?

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Georgia

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Which of the following is Not true about American society and culture at the end of the nineteenth century?

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all of the above

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Charles Eliot Norton and Richard Watson Gilder lectured the middle class about

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The value of high culture and insights to be gained from the fine arts

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Architect who scorned the bulky Victorian house with its large attic and basement in favor of a \"modernist\" approach which featured broad, sheltering roofs and low silhouettes that used interconnected rooms to create a sense of spaciousness

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Frank Lloyd Wright

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The political machines such as Tammany Hall, which ran American cities at the turn of the century, derived their strongest support from

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Poor immigrants and ethnic communities in the inner city

Board of Indian Commissioners

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