question

Which is unethical research behavior?

answer

Changing the data to support the hypothesis

question

What does it mean when a correlation exists between two variables?

answer

There is a relationship between two variables

question

In the dynamic-systems approach the word \"systems\" emphasizes that:

answer

a change in one area of a person's life impacts other areas

question

Which step of the scientific method involves making a specific prediction?

answer

Develop a hypothesis

question

Other names for the nature vs. nurture debate include:

answer

heredity vs. environment

question

According to social scientists, race is:

answer

a social construction

question

Which of the following is TRUE of scientific observation?

answer

It involves observing and recording behavior in a natural setting

question

Human development includes includes insight and information from diverse academic disciplines referred to as:

answer

multidisciplinary

question

The only research method that establishes a possible cause-and-effect relationship is:

answer

an experiment

question

The difference between one developing person and the norm is:

answer

not always considered a deficit.

question

A multidirectional perspective enables researchers to recognize

answer

the gains and losses can occur simultaniously

question

For which research method is the primary data source information gained from interviews and questionnaires?

answer

Survey

question

Science is needed in the study of human development because:

answer

research provides data and facts that will enable people to live full lives.

question

Information processing theory seeks to explore

answer

processes of human thought

question

Scientists design studies to investigate theories because

answer

theories are not facts

question

According to your text, theories produce _____ and generate _____

answer

hypotheses; discroveries

question

Who argued that if psychology was to be a true science, only what can be seen and measured should be studied?

answer

Watson

question

According to sociocultural theory, human development is the result of an interaction between developing persons and their:

answer

surrounding society and culture

question

The behaviorists most associated with operant conditioning is

answer

B. F. Skinner

question

The theory that most emphasizes learning through modeling is called:

answer

social learning theory

question

According to cognitive theory, our thoughts shape our:

answer

attitudes and acitons

question

Pavlov's experiment in which he conditioned dogs to salivate after hearing a bell demonstrated what he called

answer

classical conditioning

question

A group of ideas, assumptions, and generalizations that interpret and illuminate observations that have been made about human growth is referred to as a _____ theory

answer

developmental

question

Carl Rogers believed that we should see each other with appreciation without conditions. He referred to this as giving each other_____ regard.

answer

unconditional positive

question

A psychologist who uses an eclectic approach during therapy:

answer

uses several theoretical perspectives

question

According to evolutionary theory, biologically based drives for every species are:

answer

survival and reproduciton

question

A major difference between Erikson and Freud is that:

answer

Freud emphasized psychosexual developement, whereas Erikson emphasized psychosocial developement

question

Maslow believed that all people have the same basic needs and drives. He arranged those into what was called:

answer

hierarchy of needs.

question

information processing theory seeks to explore

answer

processes of human thought

question

The impact of various physical and social environments is referred to as:

answer

multicontextual

question

Piaget's first two stages of sensorimotor intelligence are called

answer

primary circular reactions

question

The difference between primary and secondary circular reactions is that

answer

secondary circular reactions involve the infant reacting to people and objects

question

Tertiary circular reactions are characterized by

answer

active independent exploration and experimentation

question

stage four of sensorimotor intelligence is characterized by

answer

new adaptation and anticipation

question

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) indicates that infants

answer

have electrical activity in areas of the brain indicating that sensations are being processed earlier than proposed by Piaget

question

Recent research on early affordances provides ecidence that

answer

even during the first year of life age makes a difference in which affordances will be perceived and then acted on.

question

Most developmentalists agree that very young infants can remember if

answer

All of these answers are correct

question

When do infants begin learning language?

answer

before birth

question

The typical order of spoken language development is

answer

reflexive, cooing, babbling, simple words

question

Most babies speak their first recognizable words by

answer

12 months

question

Cultural differences in communication appear to influence

answer

the ratio of nouns to verbs and adjectives

question

How does a child learn language?

answer

All of the answers could be correct

question

Behaviorists believe that a mother who ______ will stimulate her child's communication skills

answer

uses reinforcement

question

The social-pragmatic theory of language development highlights the importance of

answer

social interaction

question

Scientist have attempted to integrate theories of language development (social-pragmatic theory, innate abilities, and behaviorism) into one theory known as

answer

hybrid thoery

question

The first emotional expression to emerge at birth are

answer

crying and contentment

question

Emotions that require an awareness of other people are

answer

pride, shame, and embarassment

question

Developmentalists agree that infants' emotional development is directly tied to

answer

brain development

question

Children's personality differences that originate with nature, or genes are called

answer

temperamental traits

question

A mutually coordinated, rapid, smooth interaction between a caregiver and an infant is called

answer

synchrony

question

A lasting bond between an infant and a caregiver is called

answer

an attachment

question

One of the most influential factors that determine a child's type of attachment is the

answer

responsiveness of the parents

question

When an infant looks to another person for information about how to react, he or she is engaging in

answer

social referencing

question

According to the text, _____ encourage infants to explore, whereas _____ tend to be more cautious

answer

fathers; mothers

question

The theory that connects biosocial with psychosocial development is

answer

psychoanalytic

question

Which perspective suggests that parents mold an infant's emotions and personality as they reinforce or punish their child?

answer

behaviorism

question

__________ parenting involves close physical contact with a child, while _______ parenting involves engaging the child more intellectually.

answer

Proximal; distal

question

In cognitive theory there are a set of assumptions that an individual uses to organize perceptions and experience. These assumptions are called

answer

a working model

question

A theory that considers both infant and care givers have emotions and impulses in the social development process is

answer

evolutionary theory

question

High-quality day care during infancy has the following essential characteristics:

answer

All of these answers are correct

question

A typical 6-year-old in a developed nation

answer

All of these answers are correct

question

The major nutritional deficit in early childhood in DEVELOPED countries is insufficient

answer

iron, zinc, and calcium

question

The \"just-right\" phenomenon

answer

refers to young children's insistence on routine

question

The 2-year-old brain weighs ______ percent of what it will weigh in adulthood

answer

75

question

The process by which axons become coated with a fatty substance that speeds the transmission of nerve impulses from neuron to neuron is

answer

myelination

question

The specialization in certain functions by each side of the brain is

answer

lateralization

question

Which of the following is crucial for the overall expression and regulation of emotions?

answer

limbic system

question

Brain maturation, motivation, and guided practice make _____ skills possible

answer

gross motor

question

Exposure to high levels of lead has not been directly correlated with

answer

reduced motor skill

question

Fine motor skills require two _____ and thus _____ sides of the _____

answer

hands; two; brain

question

All forms of artistic expression blossom during

answer

early childhood

question

The most common cause of death in childhood is

answer

accidents

question

Why do experts prefer the term \"injury control\" to the term \"accident prevention\"?

answer

Though accidents can be prevented, it is more useful to minimize injury

question

Deliberate action that is harmful to a child's physical, emotional, or sexual well-being is the definition of

answer

child abuse

question

A primary-prevention measure to reduce child abuse would be to

answer

improve the economic climate and decrease financial instability

question

What is Piaget's term for cognitive development between the ages of about 2 and 6?

answer

preoperational intelligance

question

According to Piaget, one of the reasons that logic is beyond young children is that

answer

young children are significantly limited by their own personal perspective.

question

Vygotsky preposed that an important role of language is to

answer

assist with cognitive developement

question

How has Vygotsky's theory concerning language and cognition been associated with the development of math skills?

answer

Hearing number words in different languages can be correlated with the variation in the development of math skills from one culture to another.

question

The understanding that other people can have thoughts and ideas unlike one's own describes

answer

theory of mind

question

Though studies comparing preschool children from various countries found some variations, what did they identify as the primary factor in development of theory of mind?

answer

maturation of the prefrontal cortex

question

The term for the time when language learning is most easily and readily accomplished is

answer

a sensitive period

question

The process by which children develop an interconnected set of categories for words is called

answer

fast-mapping

question

According to your text, it benefits their intellectual flexibility when children

answer

become equally fluent in two languages

question

Preschools benefit early childhood learning by providing opportunities for children to get practice in

answer

All of the answers are correct

question

Which of the following has been a strategy Head Start has emphasized since the early days of operation?

answer

Parents and teachers must communicate and cooperate with each other

question

Child-centered programs stress children's development and growth thorugh

answer

self-direction and discovery

question

The goal of teacher-directed early-education programs is to

answer

help get all children \"ready to learn\"

question

Which of the following is NOT one of the long-term benefits found in the intensive, early intervention programs described in the text?

answer

higher IQ scores in high school

question

Which was the curricular approach in the three early intervention programs described in the text?

answer

a combination of child-centered and teacher-directed

question

One of the most outstanding psychosocial accomplishments between ages 2 and 6 is:

answer

emotional regulation

question

Erik Erikson's third developmental stage the stage during which a strong self-concept develops is called

answer

initiative versus guild

question

Research consensus on whether, when, and how to reward children for a certain behavior is that

answer

giving an unexpected reward after a behavior has been accomplished encourages that behavior

question

In which country is it especially important to teach children to control their pride, according to text?

answer

China

question

Across cultures, impulsive children do best with parents who

answer

provide guidance toward \"optimal balance.\"

question

Emotional regulation differs between

answer

All of the answers are correct

question

An example of an externalizing problem is _____ and an example of an internalizing problem is ______

answer

attacking other people, withdrawing

question

Peers provide practice in

answer

All of the answers are correct

question

A kind of play identified by Mildred Parten is

answer

onlooker

question

The researcher Diana Baumrind found that parents differ in four important dimensions of rearing children. Which of the following is one of those dimensions?

answer

Expressions of warmth

question

Multicultural research on parenting styles and their effects on children has found that

answer

overall parental style is LESS important than parental warmth, support, and concern

question

According to the text, children's gender differences are influenced by

answer

All of the answers are correct

question

___________ is the understanding of the feelings and concerns of others, and __________ is the feelings of anger, distrust, and dislike towards another person

answer

Antipathy, empathy

question

When thinking about appropriate discipline for children in early childhood, it is important to consider:

answer

All of these answers are correct

question

Longitudinal research has found that children who are physically punished

answer

are more likely to become bullies, delinquents, and then abusive adults

question

Middle childhood is the healthiest period of the life span because

answer

All of these answers are correct

question

According to the text, school-age children's growth is:

answer

slow and steady

question

According to the text, one of the benefits of physical activity is

answer

improved academic achievement

question

Because of obesity, today's children may become adults that

answer

are less likely to attend college, get married, or find work appropriate for their abilities

question

What causes childhood obesity?

answer

All of these answers are correct

question

A chronic disease of the respiratory system in which inflammation narrows the airway is

answer

asthma

question

What contributes to a child's ability to increase his speed of thinking?

answer

All of the answers are correct

question

Which one of the following statements about IQ tests is TRUE

answer

IQ tests predict school achievement

question

The developmental psychopathology perspective assumes that

answer

abnormality is normal

question

Which of the following is one of the lessons of developmental psychopathology that applies to all children

answer

disability changes year by year

question

A diagnosis of ADHD indicates that a child not only has problems concentrating but also

answer

is inattentive, impulsive, and overactiv

question

\"Learning disability\" refers to

answer

a marked delay in a particular area of learning

question

The sign of an autistic spectrum disorder is:

answer

All of the answers are correct

question

A document that specifies educational goals and plans for a child with special needs is referred to as a(n)

answer

individual education plan (IEP)

question

\"Gifted\" generally refers to children:

answer

with IQ scores above 130.

question

According to Piaget, the stage of thinking that is characteristic of middle childhood is

answer

concrete operational

question

When Piaget referred to concrete operations, he meant logic applied in situations that

answer

deal with visible, tangible, real things

question

A significant contribution of Piaget's cognition theory is that he realized that school-age children become

answer

All of these answers are correct

question

Piaget stressed the __________, whereas Vygotsky stressed the ______________`

answer

child's own discovery of concepts; importance of instructions by others

question

Vygotsky believed that children learn from their

answer

All of these answers are correct

question

The information-processing perspective compares human thinking processes to

answer

computers

question

Which aspect of memory has a very large capacity by middle childhood?

answer

long-term memory

question

The ability to evaluate a cognitive task to determine how best to accomplish it, and then to monitor and adjust one's performance on that task, is called

answer

metacognition

question

A child's ability to speak formally or informally depending on the audience and the context is called

answer

pragmatics

question

Decades of research throughout the world have found a strong correlation between academic achievement and

answer

socioeconomic status

question

The unrecognized rules and priorities that influence a child's learning in school are called the

answer

hidden curriculum

question

The 2001 No Child Left Behind federal law was enacted because

answer

the American government wanted to promote high standards for student achievement

question

The strategy in which school subjects are taught in both the learner's original language and the second (majority) language is called

answer

bilingual educaiton

question

A finding of international assessments is

answer

the issue of how best to teach children continues to be controversial in almost every nation

question

According to the text, the issue with comparing and evaluating home schooling, charter schools, and voucher situations is that

answer

it is difficult because there isn't agreement on what is the \"best education\" nor how to measure it

question

During Erikson's crisis of industry versus inferiority, children

answer

attempt to master many skills

question

During middle school, a child's self-concept

answer

becomes less imaginary and positive to more realistic and specific

question

Many cultures expect children to be

answer

modest, not prideful

question

A key aspect of a child's resilience is the stressed child's ability to

answer

develop relationships, activities, and skills

question

Recent research on shared and nonshared environmental factors and thier influence on children's developing temperaments has found that

answer

parents' attitudes have a direct effect on children's behavior

question

Family ______ refers to the legal and genetic relationships of related people living together, and family __________ refers to the way a family works to care for its members

answer

structure, function

question

The two factors that interfere with family function in every structure, ethnic group, and nation are

answer

low income, and high conflict

question

The difference in the psychosocial development of preoperational children as compared to that of middle-school children is that

answer

preoperational children's egocentrism makes them less likely to be affected by other children's opinions and judgements

question

The term for the particular habits, styles, and values that reflect the set of rules and rituals that characterize children as distinct from adult society is

answer

the child culture

question

Older children tend to choose best friends

answer

whose interests, values, and backgrounds are similar to their own

question

which of the following is a characteristic of both aggressive-rejected and withdrawn-rejected children

answer

they tend to misinterpret social situations

question

repeated, systematic efforts to inflict harm through physical, verbal, or social attack on a weaker person is the definition of

answer

bullying

question

A review of research on successful way to halt bullying found that

answer

the whole school must change, not just the bullies

question

The theorist associated with the six stages of moral reasoning is

answer

Kohlberg

question

__________ thinking which gives, children the ability to observe and use logic, propels them to think about morality

answer

Concrete operational

question

he years of rapid physical growth and sexual maturation that ends childhood is called

answer

puberty

question

Puberty begins with a hormonal signal from the ________ to the _______

answer

hypothalmus; pituitary gland

question

A major influence on the age of onset of menarche is

answer

genetics

question

In what way does stress affect puberty

answer

stress increases the hormones that start puberty

question

what is important for many adolescence in every nation

answer

size and maturation

question

the relative sudden and rapid physical growth that occurs during puberty is referred to as

answer

a growth spurt

question

according to the text, adolescence are deficient in their intake of necessary vitamins and minerals because

answer

all of these answers are correct

question

Which of the following is a symptom of bulimia nervosa?

answer

all of the answers are correct

question

According to the text, what explains why many teenagers are thrill seekers

answer

the prefrontal cortex is not yet mature

question

A beneficial result of changes in the adolescent brain can be seen in

answer

the speed of reaction time increasing yet inhibitions remaining slower

question

which of the following is a primary sex characteristic

answer

maturation of the testes

question

Physical traits that are not directly involved in reproduction but that indicate sexual maturity are referred to as

answer

secondary sex characteristics

question

what has the greatest influence on a girl's choice for her first sexual partner?

answer

culture

question

According to the text, early adolescent sexual activity correlates with

answer

depression and drug abuse

question

child sexual abuse

answer

increases in early puberty

question

Which characteristics of adolescent thought is demonstrated when a teen fails to recognize that others may neither care about nor share her opinions?:

answer

adolescent egocentrism

question

What is Piaget's fourth and final stage of cognitive development?

answer

formal operational thought

question

The most prominent change in adolescent thought is the ability to

answer

think of possibility

question

Typically adolescents are _________ thinkers but adults tend to be ________ thinkers and both have their pros and cons

answer

quick;analytical

question

Which of the following is suggested in the text as a reason that adolescents fail to use their formal operational thinking?

answer

egocentrism is dominant

question

in our current technology explosion, adolescents can be described as

answer

\"digital natives\"

question

what may speed up, adolescent cognitive advancement, according to text?

answer

social networking

question

Which of the following statements is true about video game addiction in adolescents?

answer

even though overuse of technology was not included as an addiction in the DSM-5 it is considered problematic for some adolescents

question

bullying that occurs when one person spreads insults or rumors about another by means of e-mail, text messages, or the internet is called

answer

cyberbullying

question

\"secondary education\" refers to

answer

grades 7 through 12

question

Developmentalists consider ___________ to be \"developmentally regressive\"

answer

middle schools

question

Based on the case study of James, his academic decline may have been influenced by

answer

the egocentric and intuitive thinking pattern characteristics of adolescents

question

Typically, high school teachers

answer

assume their students have mastered formal thinking

question

In high-stakes testing situations, students are typically given

answer

a single test to determine success or failure

question

what are some ways of encouraging adolescents to engage in their education

answer

all of these answers are correct

question

During the fifth stage of psychosocial development, an adolescent who is confused as to which of the many possible roles to adopt is said to be

answer

experiencing a crisis of identity versus role confusion

question

Erikson described four aspects of identity as being the religious, the sexual, the vocational, and the

answer

political

question

Parent and adolescent conflicts

answer

occur when a child's drive for independence clashes with the parent's supervision and control

question

Which of the following adults could have an impact on an adolescent's identity development?

answer

All of these answers are correct

question

What support do peers provide during adolescence?

answer

All of these are correct

question

Which of the following statements about teen friendships is true?

answer

all of these answers are correct

question

Destructive peer support in which one person shows another how to rebel against authority or social norms is referred to as

answer

deviancy training

question

The direction of someone's erotic desires is referred to as

answer

sexual orientation

question

Sex education

answer

All of these are correct

question

serious depression among adolescents is

answer

more common in females than in males

question

Adolescent-limited offenders who are protected from _______ have a higher likelihood of outgrowing their criminal behavior

answer

All of these answers are correct

question

Which of the following statements is true about adolescent anger?

answer

Bouts of anger are common during adolescence

question

The best predictor of later drug abuse is

answer

drug use before age 18

question

Which psychoactive drug used during adolescence is known to affect memory, language proficiency and motivation?

answer

marijuana

question

Which of the following is the LEAST effective drug prevention strategy?

answer

using scare tactics and warning teens about the dangers of drinking and driving

question

Currently, emerging adulthood is distinguished by

answer

All of these answers are correct

question

Maximum height is reached by age ___ for girls and ___ for boys

answer

16;18

question

Young adults can rapidly adjust to stress and bounce back after running a marathon or missing sleep. _____ is quick and efficient during young adulthood

answer

Homeostasis

question

Reasons for exercise among emerging adults include all of the following EXCEPT

answer

to increase organ strength

question

The sexual-reproductive system is at its strongest during

answer

emerging adulthood

question

The spread of STIs is a result of

answer

All of these answers are correct

question

With sexual relationships among emerging adults, which of the following may lead to increased emotional pain and frustration?

answer

different assumptions about the purpose of sex

question

The view that psychological disorders are produced by a genetic vulnerability and stressful environmental factors is the

answer

diathesis-stress modelcci

question

Emerging adults who suffer from depression may fail to get help because

answer

they feel that nothing will help them

question

Anxiety is a normal part of emerging adulthood. However, anxiety can become a disorder as a reult of

answer

All of these answers are correct

question

Which disorder is characterized by having irrational thoughts, delusions, and hallucination?

answer

schizophrenia

question

Which are three leading causes of death among people age 15 to 25

answer

accidents, homicide, and suicide

question

Drug abuse and extreme sports are similar in that they both involve

answer

impulsive behavior

question

Customs for usual behavior within a particular society are

answer

social norms

question

Mark, a middle-aged executive, looks back on the reckless behaviors he engaged in during his college days with pride. Like many adults, Mark:

answer

has probably forgotten about friends who engaged in similar reckless behavior but had bad outcomes

question

The ___ approach studies how the brain encodes, stores and retrieves information and the ___approach evaluates whether a new level of cognition is reached by adults

answer

information-processing; stage

question

Whereas Piaget focused on problem solving in child and adolescent cognitive development, post formal thought focuses on

answer

anticipating problems

question

while subjective thought ____, objective thought ___

answer

arises from personal experiences; follows abstract, impersonal logic

question

To predict, plan, and combine objective and subjective mental processes is the cognitive ability to be _____ while the ability to see multiple solutions to a problem is the cognitive ability to be ____

answer

practical, flexible

question

The ability to change stereotyped assumptions that one made in childhood is

answer

All of the answers are correct

question

An adult who recognizes both that relationships continuously change and that he or she is also changed by the relationship is a ____ thinker

answer

dialectical

question

Which of the following affects moral reasoning and religious beliefs?

answer

All of the following are correct

question

Moral values are powerfully affected by

answer

culture and era

question

Emerging adults often experience dilemmas that seem to raise moral issues because

answer

they are in between their family of origin and a family of their own

question

The Defining Issues Test was developed by ____ to asses moral reasoning through ranking possible solutions to moral dilemmas

answer

Rest

question

Troy, because of his intellectual detachment from cultural values and from the approval of those around him, is displaying which stage of faith?

answer

Stage 4: individual-reflective faith

question

The primary reason for attending college is to ____ and the secondary reason for attending college is to ____

answer

secure better jobs and learn specific skills; obtain general education

question

College graduates seem to be

answer

all of the answers are correct

question

All of the following are changes in institutions of higher education EXCEPT

answer

offering fewer career programs

question

Which of the following statements about diversity on college campuses is TRUE?

answer

The increased diversity of the student body on campuses leads to increased intellectual challenge and deeper thought.

question

Psychosocial development in contemporary adult life _____social clock

answer

doesn't follow a set

question

The fifth of Erik Erikson's eight stages of development (identity versus role confusion) starts in adolescence; but unlike the past it is completed

answer

later during adulthood

question

Emerging adulthood is an important stage for acquisition of resources needed for life-long family and career success. These resources include

answer

All of these are correct

question

Research on personality reveals tat it is

answer

All of these answers are correct

question

According to Erikson's theory, the crisis that follows identity achievement is called

answer

intimacy versus isolation

question

Friends are crucial during emerging adulthood because they

answer

All of these answers are correct

question

According to Sternberg, ____ involves reciprocal emotional closeness and sharing private thoughts and feelings and ____ involves mutual caring giving and forgiveness

answer

intimacy, committment

question

Couples who cohabitate prior to marriage

answer

are more likely to divorce

question

The fact that currently, most people 20 to 30 years old are not married, that fewer adults marry, and that divorce is more common are all indications that

answer

the relationship between love and marriage has changed

question

______ is when a married couple has similar attitudes, interests, goals, and religious background

answer

Homogamy

question

International research on the importance of communication between two partners found that

answer

Women can be more demanding and men more withdrawing

question

\"our most important individual support system\" is our

answer

families

question

Despite striving for independence and achievement, most emerging adults today continue to have \"linked lives\" with their parents by

answer

receiving money and gifts of time from their parents

question

Which country has the fewest number of emerging adults living at home

answer

United States

question

Enmeshment refers to

answer

parents always knowing what their emerging adults are doing

question

According to research on adults, most of them reported feeling ____ than their chronological age

answer

5 to 10 years younger

question

Which of the following could contribute to severe brain loss in adulthood

answer

all of the answers are correct

question

One of the first visible signs of senescence is/are

answer

wrinkles

question

Which of the following visual skills are impacted by aging?

answer

All of these answers are correct

question

Specific contraceptive patterns are influenced by

answer

all of these terms are correct

question

sexual arousal and responsiveness tends to ______ with age

answer

slow down

question

What is most commonly the source of infertility

answer

both sexes are equally likely to be the source

question

Menopause refers to

answer

the cessation of menstration

question

What is the leading cause of preventable mortality and morbidity in the U.S.?

answer

smoking cigarettes

question

The percentage of adults in the U.S. who are obese has

answer

stabilized

question

Regular exercise protects against serious illness during which stage of development?

answer

at every stage of life

question

Morbidity ________ mortality

answer

does not necessarily correlate with

question

What is the hallmark of disability?

answer

limitation of functioning

question

The most important measure of health in terms of how healthy and energetic an individual feels is

answer

vitality

question

Researchers have found that morbidity and disability have _________ correlation to ____________

answer

a negative; SES

question

How did Spearman measure general intelligence (g)?

answer

He inferred g from tests of various abilities, such as vocabulary, memory, and resoning

question

which of the following is a factor that many developmentalists thing might influence general intelligence?

answer

All of these answers are correct

question

What enabled researchers to finally discover that intelligence does not inevitably decline in early adulthood?

answer

longitudinal research

question

Relying on cross-sectional research for conclusions is problematic because

answer

cohort effects may lead to false conclusions

question

The Seattle Longitudinal Study came to what conclusion?

answer

Most of people's mental abilities improve during adulthood

question

Who proposed the existence of fluid and crystallized intelligences?

answer

Cattell and Horn

question

As we age, our ____ intelligence becomes aging-resistant, and our ___ intelligence becomes aging-sensitive

answer

crystallized; fluid

question

Which of the following is NOT one of Sternberg's three fundamental forms of intelligence?

answer

fluid

question

When is analytic intelligence usually valued?

answer

in high school and college

question

The kind of intelligence that is most valued depends on

answer

age and culture

question

Which of the following affects adult cognition?

answer

All of these answers are correct

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What do many developmentalists believe is essential for successful aging?

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the capacity to accommodate to changes over time

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Selective optimization with compensation

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is a theory that proposes that we seek to compensate for losses by getting better at that which we already do well

question

which of the following affect expertise?

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All of these answers are correct

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The skill, flexibility, and strategies needed to raise a family most likely require

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expertise.

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According to the text, personality

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All of these are correct

question

Erikson's stage of intimacy versus isolation is similar to Maslow's stage of

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love and belonging

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International research on personality supports the general belief that

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characteristics can be clustered into the Big Five personality traits

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Some social scientists believe that personality is shaped by ____ and there is support for that view from the study of the Big Five scores

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cultural context

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Members of our social convoy that provide the more reciprocally balanced relationships are

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friends

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An advantage of having close friends is that they

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All of these answers are correct

question

As individual move into adulthood and become parents, their relationships with their siblings typically

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become closer

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Research indicates that married people have

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slightly higher levels of happiness than single persons have

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A reason that commitment in partnerships is crucial is

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All of these are correct

question

When comparing homosexual partners with heterosexual partners, research indicates that

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both types of relationship experience the same advantages and conflicts

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Divorce results in

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All of these answers are correct

question

A characteristic of second marriage is that

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people who were chronically unhappy in their first marriage often become unhappy in their second one

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An adult expresses generativity by

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caring for others, such as young children

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One who takes responsibility for intergenerational care giving and communication is called

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kinkeeper

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The workplace is changing. New features include

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All of these answers are correct

question

Ageism is a form of prejudice in which people

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categorize and judge people only on the basis of their chronoligical age

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Ageism can prevent depressed elderly people from

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getting medical assistance for treatable conditions

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Fewer births and increased survival rates are changing the shape of the population from a pyramid to an

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rectangle

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When researchers used the \"grounded theory\" method to study sexual activity in the elder population they found that

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All of these are correct

question

Which of the following age groups has the most motor-vehicle accidents?

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under 20

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What percentage of those over age 65 can see well without eyeglasses?

answer

10 percent

question

According to the text, advocates who have suggested that designers and engineers should create more universal designs have posed which of the following questions?

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All of these are correct

question

The universal and irreversible physical changes that occur to all living creatures as time passes is referred to as

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primary aging

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What is the relationship between primary aging and disease?

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Primary aging makes disease more likely

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\"compression of morbidity\" refers to

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a shortening of the time spent ill or infirmed

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The wear and tear theory is most likely applicable to

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some body parts that wear due to repeated stress or exposure to elements

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Which of the following is a genetic condition that provides evidence for genetic aging?

answer

Hutchinson-Gilford

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The _______ theory proposes that toxins in the environment and the need for the body to repair the damage they create is responsible for the aging process.

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cellular aging

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Pitskhelauri found that long-lived people share all of the following characteristics except

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a commitment to retirement from work

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Historically, dramatic increase in average life expectancy around the world has occurred due to

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public health measures that prevented the deaths of many infants and children.

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Which of the following statements about the brain in adulthood is true?

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New neurons form and new dendrites grow throughout adulthood

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The slowing down of the brain in primary aging may be attributed to

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All of these answers are correct

question

__________ cause(s) some late adults to have difficulty deciphering emotional cues

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Sensory-input problems

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Which type of information is the most likely to decline with age?

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recalling names and new words

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Processing information in the conscious mind is to _______ memory as knowledge base is to ________ memory

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working; long term

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Relying on prior knowledge and general principles in decision making is considered a problem in which step of information processing?

answer

control process

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Researchers need to consider _______ when measuring memory

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ecological validity

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Neurocognitive impairment is characterized by

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All of these answers are correct

question

Individuals with Alzheimer disease show ______ cognitive decline compared to those with vascular dementia who have _____ decline

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gradual; sudden

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Recent studies have revealed that _____ is the most important nongenetic factor that can actually slow brain deterioration

answer

exercising more

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Dementia that is more likely to be reversible can be related to all of the following EXCEPT:

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strokes

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Erik Erikson was interested in the ______ of the elderly

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perspective

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Researchers have found that cognitive abilities can be improved

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by playing video games

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Encouraging older adults to engage in creative and intuitive endeavors may help their

answer

All of these answers are correct

question

Wisdom

answer

All of these answers are correct

question

Research shows that, in general, older adults who remain active

answer

All of these answers are correct

question

A beanpole family is

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a span of generations of a family that has only a few members in each generation

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A possible living arrangement for an elderly person who is not self-sufficient is

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All of these answers are correct

question

Long-term marriages are generally characterized by

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people who are healthier, wealthier, and happier than unmarried people their age

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The elderly are more politically active than younger people in every way EXCEPT

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turning out for massive rallies

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Older adults seeking to integrate their unique experiences with their vision of community is what happens during

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integrity vs dispair

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Religious faith correlates with reduced risk of illness in the elderly because faith

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encourages people to have a healthier lifestyle

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A preference of the elderly to remain in the same home and community, adjusting but not leaving when health fades is called

answer

aging in place

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Psychosocial development in late adulthood is best understood by looking at clusters of theories such as

answer

self-theories and stratification theories

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An important task for successful aging requires that people

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not be socially isolated

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Most older people

answer

consider their personalities and attitudes to have remained quite stable over the years

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Many people keep working long after retirement age because work

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All of these answers are correct

question

______ grandparent demand respect and obedience and instill traditional values, whereas ______ grandparents who strive for love and friendship with their grandchildren

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remote, compassionate

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Family caregivers of the frail and elderly

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All of these answers are correct

question

The difference between activities of daily life (ADLs) and instrumental activities of daily life (IADLs) is that

answer

IADL ability is more critical of independent living than is ADL ability

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