Speech study guide
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When Sam got up to give his speech in public speaking class, he walked around the audience, highfiving his classmates and began his speech by saying, \"Hey! What up Dawgs?\" Which norm regarding the difference between public speaking and conversation did Sam fail to realize?
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Public speaking is more formal than conversation.
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A speaker's ability to translate the ideas and images in his or her mind into verbal or nonverbal messages that an audience can understand is termed
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encoding
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The environment or situation in which a speech occurs is known as
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context
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_______ is another term for the use of words and symbols to achieve a goal.
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Rhetoric
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If you delivered an already famous address of the British orator Edmund Burke, you would be practicing the art of
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declamation
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______ is the expression of emotion through posture, movement, gestures, facial expression, and voice.
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Elocution
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According to the text, one unchanging truth of public speaking is that the core of all you do in public speaking is a focus on
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your delivery.
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Some researchers point out that publicspeaking apprehension can involve both a _______, a characteristic or general tendency that you may have, and a _______, anxiety triggered by the specific incidence of giving a speech to an audience.
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trait, state
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Susan had been planning her speech about owls for an elementary school audience. She had extensive information about their habitat, hunting habits, and prey. She showed graphic pictures of hunting owls to her audience. Many children cried and were frightened by her speech. Susan did not understand why. What did Susan do wrong?
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Susan failed to know her audience.
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Most speakers who procrastinate in preparing their speeches will
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sound much more spontaneous and relaxed.
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Nervous speakers tend to breathe in which of the following ways?
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They tend to take short and shallow breaths
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Why is it especially important to have a clear plan for your speech introduction?
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You are likely to feel the most anxious during the opening moments of your speech.
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Kecia was giving a speech on the importance of hospice care to a group of health care workers. To prepare for her speech, Kecia visited the room where she would speak and set up her office to look like that room while she practiced her speech. What strategy was Kecia using to control her nervousness?
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She made her rehearsal realistic.
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Kobe was quiet, but he was very passionate about his topicensuring quality food for pets. He wanted everyone to know how important this was, and he worked hard to focus on his speech, not how nervous he would be to give it. What strategy was Kobe using?
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focusing on the message and not on the fear
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According to the text, the central focus on public speaking should be the
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audience.
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Which of the following statements about audience analysis is true?
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It is an ongoing activity that should occur throughout the speechmaking process
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Your ______ is the overarching goal of your speech.
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general purpose
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What are the three types of general purposes for speeches?
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to inform, to persuade, to entertain
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In a speech with the general purpose to ______, you teach, define, illustrate, clarify, or elaborate on a topic.
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inform
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A speech with the general purpose to ______ seeks to change or reinforce listeners' attitudes, beliefs, values, or behavior.
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persuade
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Afterdinner speeches and comic monologues have the general purpose to
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entertain
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A ______ is a concise statement indicating what you want your listeners to be able to do, remember, or feel when you finish your speech.
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specific purpose
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The ______ is a onesentence summary of the speech content.
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central idea
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The key points in a speech are known as
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main ideas
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Every wellprepared speech has three major divisions. What are these three divisions?
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the introduction, the body, and the conclusion
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Most public speaking teachers recommend that you prepare your introduction and conclusion
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after you have carefully organized the body of your talk.
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The best way to practice your speech is to rehearse it
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aloud, standing just as you will when you deliver it to your audience.
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________ are the beliefs, values, and moral principles by which we determine what is right or wrong
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ethics
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What must balance the right to free speech?
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the responsibility to speak ethically
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The U. S. Constitution states, \"Congress shall make no law...abridging the freedom of speech.\" This is part of the
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First Amendment.
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In 1989, the Supreme Court overturned a statute that made burning the United States flag illegal because the Court
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found it to be a \"speech act\" protected by the First Amendment.
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What act, passed one month after 9/11/2001, has been widely criticized by civil rights, free speech, and publishing groups?
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Patriot Act
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Eric wanted to use an excerpt from a Nightline episode, as both an audio/visual aid and a source for his speech. However, one of the guests on the show presented a viewpoint that discredited the premise of Eric's speech. Eric decided he better edit this guest out of the clip before he used it. Was this an ethical use of evidence?
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No; by editing the show, Eric is plagiarizing Nightlinea serious ethical violation.
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The use of hypothetical illustrations within a speech are
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acceptable to show what might happen, as long as the speaker is clear that it is hypothetical.
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When citing your sources orally in a speech, you should
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state briefly the author, title, and date.
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In a speech on breast cancer, you decide to use the latest information from the National Breast Cancer Foundation website, www.nationalbreastcancer.org (http://www.nationalbreastcancer.org/) . According to your text, which of the following is the best way to cite this source in your speech?
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These sources should only be cited in the bibliography, not during the speech
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You have been to four classes in one day. In each class, you've listened to a lecture and taken notes. By the time you get to your night class, you feel like you just can't take in another word. What are you experiencing?
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information overload
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When you decide that the speaker's message will have no value, even before the speech begins, you are experiencing the listening barrier of
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prejudice.
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As a speaker, what can you do to hold your audience's attention and overcome the discrepancy between speech and thought rate?
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You should build in message redundancy and make your major ideas really clear
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One expert has estimated that as much as 93 percent of the emotional content of a speech is conveyed by
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nonverbal cues
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Krysten just listened to Erin's speech about the Lord of the Rings trilogy. In her written critique, Krysten made the following comments: \"I liked the visuals,\" \"weak eye contact,\" and \"the conclusion was good.\" Is this a good critique?
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Yes; Krysten provided sufficient feedback so Erin can make corrections in future speeches.
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Statistical information about characteristics of a population such as age, race, gender, education, and religious views is called
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demographics.
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Good speakers should ethically use the information gathered in the audience analysis so that their message will be clearly understood by the audience. This process is called
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audience adaptation
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The portion of a person's cultural background that relates to a national or religious heritage is known as
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ethnicity.
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What is ethnocentrism?
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The attitude that one's own cultural approach is superior to those of other cultures.
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Audience members who place more importance on a speaker's nonverbal cues than the actual words in a message might be from _____ cultures, whereas those placing more emphasis on what is said rather than on nonverbal cues might be from _____ cultures.
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low power; high power
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The perceived importance and influence of a person's income, occupation, and education is referred to as
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socioeconomic status.
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Trying to determine what an audience believes or thinks about a speech topic is termed as
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psychological analysis.
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In a psychological analysis, the audience's concepts of right and wrong, good and bad are known as
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values
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As a requirement for your biology class, you must attend a speech by a visiting scholar. At this event, you will be a member of what kind of an audience?
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captive audience
