CBRN Biological Agents Flashcards
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Biological agents can be divided into what 3 General classes?
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Pathogens, toxins, and antimateriel
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A pathogen is?
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A microorganism that causes diseases in humans, animals, or plants.
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A biological toxin is?
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An organic substance that is poisonous to humans or animals. Toxins are not living organisms
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Antimaterial are?
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Microbes which can be engineered to produce acids or enzymes that have the ability to degrade substances like cement, polyurethane, paints, lubricants, and fuel.
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Only what IPE is required for most biological agents?
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A mask
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The purpose of s biological attack is to?
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Render the crew
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Some blood agent only require a few minutes of wearing what IPE?
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A mask
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T/F some liquid agents are immediate percutaneous (absorbs through skin)
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True
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Solid formed agents would avoid detection by?
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Vapor detectors
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Many biological agents are rendered ineffective after exposure to?
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Sunlight or lack of living host
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A biological threat known to be viable for years?
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Anthrax spores
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Who promulgates MOPP levels?
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CO or higher authority
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MOPP decisions are based on?
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The threat, the temperature, work rate, hydration, and mission
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MOPP level 0 is set when?
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During periods of increased alert when an enemy has CBRN employment capability, but there is no indication of use
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Individual protective equipment (IPE) onboard inventoried, all personnel sized and assigned
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MOPP level 0
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IPE issued to all personnel and within arms reach (suspected)
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MOPP level 1
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(Possible) carry mask, other IPE available, activate detectors, set MOD Z
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MOPP level 2
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(Probable) don protective suit, don boots, set ZEBRA, activate intermittent wash down.. Requires earliest estimate of time environment will be encountered
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MOPP level 3
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(Imminent) confirmation of increased activity involving delivery systems, or known CBRN areas, don mask, secure hood, don gloves. Set CIRCLE WILLIAM as req. Activate continuos wash down
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MOPP level 4
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Nerve agents
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Interfere with normal termination of electrical impulses in the nervous system, causing rigid paralysis. Deaths result in inability to breath
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Four main chemical liquid nerve agents are?
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(GA) Tabun, (GB) Sarin, (GD) Soman, (VX) thickened Soman and no name
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Five chemical liquid blister agents?
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(HD) Distilled mustard, (HN) nitrogen mustard, (L) Lewisite, (HL) Mustard-Lewisite, (CX) Phosgene Oxime -solid or liquid
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Two tear agents?
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(PS) chloropicrin, (CS) o- chlorobenzal-malononitrile
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Psycho-chemical agent?
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BZ
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Two blood agents?
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(AC) hydrogen cyanide-gas, (CK) cyanogen chloride-gas
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Vomiting agent?
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Adamsite (DM) and Diphenyl-chloroarsine (DA)
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Two choking agents?
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(CG) phosgene, and (DP) diphosgene
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m256A1 and Draeger tubes are used to detect what form of agent?
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Vapor
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The M256A1 detector kit contains what?
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12 individually packed sampler detectors (vapor), set of instructions for the samplers, and booklet of M8 paper chemical agent paper.
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M8 paper detects?
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Liquid nerve and blister agents
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M256A1 sampler detectors can detect what in a single exposure?
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Nerve ( V and G series) Blister (H- series, L, CX), and blood agents (AC and CK)
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T/f L and sometimes CX can be individually identified
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True
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Bacteria is?
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Single-celled, microscopic organisms. Biological agent
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Three Examples of bacterial diseases?
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Anthrax, tularemia, and plague
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Bacteria agent that produce toxins that are poisonous to humans?
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Staphylococcus
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Smaller than most bacteria. Require living tissues for reproduction, transmitted by vectors like ticks that carry Rocky Mountain fever. Susceptible to antibiotics.
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Rickettsiae
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Three groups of reckettsial disease?
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Typhus, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, and Q fever
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A louse-Bourne infectious disease
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Typhus
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A severe disease transmitted to humans by the bite of a tick
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Rocky Mountain fever
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Acquired by ingestion or inhalation of contaminated dust or liquid aerosols as well from vectors that fed on infected cows, sheep, goats and wild animals
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Q fever
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Submicroscopic, intracellular parasites, that enter a living cell and take over biological processes. Responsible for 60 percent of all infectious diseases
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Viruses
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A fungal disease that can infect humans
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Histoplasmosis 15
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Fungi can produce toxins poisonous to humans called?
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Mycotoxins
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Single cell organisms that have the ability of locomotion, they are larger than bacteria and live in moist habitats. Most likely used as food and water contamination
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Protozoa
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Six types of pathogens?
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Bacteria,Rickettsiae, viruses, fungi, Protozoa,and prions
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Bacterial toxin that is released only when the producing organism deteriorates? Less likely to be used in BW
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Endotoxins
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Released by living bacteria in the normal elimination process, more likely to be used in BW
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Exotoxins
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Exotoxins that attack the central nervous system
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Neurotoxins
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Toxins that cause cellular destruction, effects on the digestive, respiratory, and circulatory systems or the skin, symptoms include blistering, choking, and vomiting resembling chemical agents
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Cytotoxins
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Bacterial exotoxins that attack the intestinal tract
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Enterotoxins
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The only toxins that pose a percutaneous hazard, they do not evaporate or penetrate clothing
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Dermatoxins
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The period of time required for the pathogens to establish themselves in the body of the host and to produce disease symptoms
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Incubation period
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Delivered as aerosols of either solid particles or liquid droplets with diameters in the 1-10 micron range
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Delivery of toxins
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Needs moisture to stay alive, delivered as aerosols against ships at sea
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Pathogens
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Two primary methods of deploying chemical agents?
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Bursting type munitions and spray devices
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The capability to detect a chemical agent away from the ship, it provides advance warning before the arrival of the agent.. Example would be chemical warfare directional detector (CWDD)
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Standoff detection
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Provides automatic warning of the arrival of a chemical agent in the immediate vicinity of the detector? Example (IPDS)
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Point detection
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Point detection by periodic monitoring is accomplished through the use if chemical reagents that change color when exposed, an example would be?
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M8 paper
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The systematic documentation of the presence or absence of vapor or liquid contamination at selected location?
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Chemical survey
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The use of chemical sensors to establish the presence or absence of chemical agent in vapor firm in the atmosphere or in liquid form in a surface
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Monitoring
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The process of estimating the severity and duration of the danger from persistent chemical agents after an attack?
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Hazard assessment
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AN/KAS-1A (CWDD) detects what type of agent?
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Chemical, nerve G and V... Manual, standoff, ship mounted
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Improved (chemical agent) point detection system (IPDS) detects what?
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Nerve G and V, and H- series blister agents... Automatic, point, ship mounted
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AN/KAS-1A limitations?
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Nerve only. 5 km detection limit, unable to determine range to threat, unable to distinguish between G agents
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Chemical agent point detection system (CAPDS) detects what?
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Chemical, nerve G and V vapors.. Automatic, point, ship mounted.
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M256A1 chemical agent detector kit detects what?
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M8 paper detects nerve (G and V series) blister (H-series, L, CX), blood (AC, CK)... Manual, hand held, portable
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M256A1 chemical agent detector kit limitations?
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Detects chemical agents in vapor form, but can not perform water test; cannot conduct tests under red light
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Draeger tubes detect what?
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Chemical vapors and aerosols... Manual, hand held, portable
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M8 paper detects only what form?
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Chemical Liquid nerve (G and V series) blister (H-series, L, CX) blood (AC and CK)
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M9 tape detects what?
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Identify presence of Liquid chemical agent aerosols: liquid nerve G,V and blister H, L
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Dry filter unit (DFU) detects what?
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Biological. Not actual detector but used in conjunction with systems to confirm identification of BW agents
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Hand held assay (HHA) detects what?
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Biological. Used to manually assay for presence of agent
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HHA characteristics?
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Passive/manual, point, portable.. Immunoassay with 15 minute response time(detect to treat)
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DFU characteristics?
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High volume aid sampler only. (Detect to treat)
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Joint biological point detection system (JBPDS) detects what?
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Biological. Used to automatically detect, collect, and identify airborne BW agents.. Automatic, standalone (detect to treat)
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Four modes of IPDS?
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Standby, running-sampling, confidence sample, and built-in test mode
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IPDS remote display unit(RDU) is located where ?
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Bridge
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IPDS control display unit (CDU) is located where?
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In DCC/CCS
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During what MOPP level is IPDS activated?
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MOPP 2
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As a minimum what should be worn while performing tests with the M246A1?
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CBR mask and gloves
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Minimum minutes required to complete all test utilizing the M256A1 sampler detecter
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17-20
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If chemicals from M256A1 detector kits gets into eyes, flush them for how long?
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15 minutes
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The only phosgene (CG) detection devices on board?
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Draeger tube (shelf life 2 years)
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M8 paper booklets in the M256A1 kit contains how many sheets?
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25 sheets or 25 split sheets (50)
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Response time for M8 paper is?
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20 seconds
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M8 paper results for yellow, red, and green?
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Yellow (G), Red (H), Green (V)
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Only displays shades of red?
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M9 paper
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Temperatures above what will display false reading on M9 paper?
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Above 125 degrees F or 52 degrees C
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t/f M9 paper works in rain and snow ?
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True
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Shelf life for M9 paper?
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One year if opened two in frigid zones
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Three defined levels of biological agent identification ?
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Presumptive, confirmatory, and definitive
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Ships are provided for the lowest level of biological agent identification which is?
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Presumptive
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Jslist wear days in an uncontaminated environment
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45
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Jslist good for how many days after opening original factory seal
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120
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Jslist shelf life?
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5 years
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Maximum shelf life of jslist ( inspection extension)
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15 years
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Jslist are vacuum packed and heat sealed into what?
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Nylon foil
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T/f duct tape can be used on nylon foil bags tears or holes bigger and smaller than?
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A dime
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Two types of canisters for the MCU2P?
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c2 and C2A1
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After the seal is removed from packaging C2 canister can retain operation for how many days?
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60
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C2 series canisters have a max service life of what when exposed to blood agents?
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15 minutes
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c2 canisters exposed to chemical agents (besides blood) may be serviceable for up to how many days? With a limit of how many days after removal of packaging seal?
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30 days.. 60 days
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The JSLIST overgarment has a nylon-cotton poplin outer shell that is treated to?
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Repel water and oil.
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The JSLIST has a chemical protective inner liner containing?
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Activated carbon
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The wear time in a contaminated environment for the chemical protective over garment is?
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6 hours
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In an uncontaminated environment, the CPO has a total cumulative wear time of how many hours within 30 days after opening the protective packages?
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100
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Blister agents must be decontaminated within how many minutes after exposure to prevent serious effects?
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1-2
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You should administer antidotes or start other first-aid measures within how many seconds after nerve and blood agent symptoms appear?
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30
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The rate at which the body counteracts the effects of chemical agents?
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Rate of detoxification
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The effects of (HD) distilled mustard may appear in how many hours after exposure ?
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4 to 6
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High temperatures of what will cause false readings on m9-liquid-agent detector
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160 degrees
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M9 paper is issued by roll in how many feet long, and how many inches wide?
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30 feet long, 2 inches wide
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JSLIST Has an accumulation of how many wear days?
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45
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JSLIST has how many calendar days from opening the original factory seal?
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120
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The JSLIST last how many more hours in a contaminated area
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24
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How many atropine auto injectors are issued?
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3
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How many 2-Pam cl injectors are issued?
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3
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What items are stored in the pocket on the left arm of the JSLIST?
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Atropine, 2-Pam cl, and Nerve agent pre-treatment pyridostigmine (NAPP) and the M291 skin decontamination kit
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Removal of load-bearing equipment and wet weather gear, and gross decontamination if masks, boots, and gloves prior to re entering the ship. Gross Devon is performed outside the entrance to the CCA or cps Devon station
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Decontamination Stage one
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Removal of JSLIST over garment. This step is performed as close to the point of entry into the interior of the ship as possible, usually at CCA
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Decontamination stage 2
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Removal of inner clothing
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Decontamination stage 3
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Showering and, in CPS Devon stations located within a CPS zone, removal of chemical protective mask
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Decontamination stage 4
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Medical review
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Decontamination stage 5
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Each M291 SDK of two packets covers a minimum of how many squares inches of skin?
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200 square inches of 1300 square centimeters
