question

Jill reminisced about her first date and how she felt when she received her first kiss. Memories associated with life experienced like Jill's are called :

answer

episodic memories

question

The notion that a person would forget something because that memory would be threatening to the individual in some way is known as the theory of :

answer

Motivated forgetting

question

During a test, if you were asked to answer the essay question \"Who was the founder of experimental psychology?\", this question would most require the use of ___ in order to answer the question.

answer

Recall

question

On Lincoln's birthday Mary recited the Gettysburg Address. While she was reciting, the information was being held in ___ memory.

answer

working

question

The memory exercise in your test presented a \"study\" list of words and a \"test\" list of words later. Many students incorrectly recalled \"sleep\" as being in the study list when it was not. This illustrates:

answer

the false memory construction of memory.

question

Which of the following are the operations associated with the information-processing model of memory?

answer

input, storage, and retrieval.

question

The phrase \"7 plus or minus 2\" refers to the:

answer

storage capacity of short-term memory

question

Synaptic facilitation is a term that describes the process of synapses

answer

changing the brain to form new memories.

question

Long-term memory is to short-term memory as

answer

permanent storage is to temporary storage.

question

Short-term memories are primarily handled by the ___ of the brain.

answer

frontal lobes.

question

According to motivated forgetting theory, which type of experience is most likely to be forgotten?

answer

an upsetting experience

question

In preparing for any test, which of the following would be most beneficial?

answer

elaboration.

question

In the levels of processing model of memory, there ___ memory store(s) beyond the sensory register.

answer

is one

question

Research has shown that when drawing ambiguous figures from memory, people will alter the drawing to better suit the labels that have been assigned to the drawings. This research has been interpreted as support for the:

answer

schema theory of forgetting.

question

Suppose a person is injected with a drug that leaves current memory intact, but prevents new information from passing from short-term to long-term memory. This drug would produce _____.

answer

anterograde amnesia.

question

Which of the following is the best explanation of the spreading activation model of long-term memory?

answer

We form connections between concepts based on experience.

question

Anterograde amnesia is the inability to store and retrieve ____ information in long-term memory.

answer

New

question

In the stage theory of memory, the different stages are the:

answer

sensory register, short-term memory, and long-term memory stages.

question

You were introduced to your date's best friend just 10 minutes ago. Now you need to get her attention but you cannot remember her name. You forgot because of the limits of:

answer

short-term memory.

question

The two fundamental levels in the levels of processing theory of memory are

answer

shallow and deep.

question

If you remember the 12-letter series NBVIBMCBSFBI in the form of three letter abbreviations for well-known organizations NBC IBM CBS FBI, you improve your ability to recall the series by means of ____ .

answer

chunking

question

Memories for how to ride a bike or other types of skills are known as ____ memories.

answer

procedural

question

Generally speaking, when attempting to remember information, the ___ method leads to better memory performance than the ___ method.

answer

recognition; recall

question

You cannot quite recall a word, but you remember what letter it begins with. This is characteristic of the ___ phenomenon.

answer

tip-of-the-tongue

question

According to the levels of processing model, the best memory for a list of words would be obtained by

answer

relating an important event in your life to each word.

question

Visual information is retained in the sensory register for about ___ of a second.

answer

one-quarter

question

Rehearsal is a process that helps renew the information being held in

answer

short-term memory.

question

Weaker sensory \"Echoes\" from auditory information can be held in the sensory register for up to ___ seconds.

answer

4

question

Our working memory space tends to overlap with the functions of

answer

short-term memory.

question

The theory of memory that suggests that the basis of learning and memory is due to unique patterns of neuronal activity causing changes in synapses to occur is known as:

answer

synaptic facilitation.

question

The organization of long-term memory is not necessary to increase storage capacity, but it is necessary to

answer

facilitate memory retrieval.

question

According to the information-processing model, attention serves as a:

answer

control mechanism.

question

Damage to the hippocampus, as in H.M.'s case, can lead to the memory problem:

answer

anterograde amnesia.

question

It's difficult not to be able to remember items that others expect you to remember. If you just started making up memories to answer others' questions, this is known as:

answer

confabulation.

question

In a study of the serial position effect, what happened when recall was delayed for more than 30 seconds?

answer

Items at the end of the list were poorly recalled.

question

To stretch the storage capacity of short-term memory, individuals are capable of grouping like items together. For instance, the directions north, south, east, and west can be grouped as \"directions,\" and \"directions\" could be one item in memory. This process of stretching the limits of short-term memory in the fashion is called:

answer

chunking.

question

If you believe that long-term memories are permanently stored, then which of the following is the most logical explanation for forgetting long-term memories?

answer

There is not a strong enough retrieval cue to recover the memory.

question

When asked what your parent's phone number is, you cannot repeat it, but a moment later you can dial it from memory without looking it up. In this case, which memory system has served you well?

answer

procedural memory.

question

In long-term memory, a memory disorder in which one cannot store or retrieve new information is called ____.

answer

anterograde amnesia.

question

The famous memory case of \"H.M.\" illustrates the memory disorder known as ____ .

answer

anterograde amnesia

question

This multiple-choice item is best characterized as a question that requires ___ in order to answer it correctly (remember, one of the answers below is correct!)

answer

recognition

question

If I were to tell you that I was recalled an episodic memory, that would mean that I was remembering:

answer

a specific time r event from my life.

question

Memory theories based on the similarities between the operation of the human brain and the computer are called ___ theories.

answer

information processing

question

You wish to log in to your computer network and the system requests your password. You no longer have the piece of paper you wrote the password on, so you must rely on ____ .

answer

recall

question

Which of the following is an example of a control mechanism?

answer

retrieval

question

You cannot remember much of what you learned in high school chemistry but you learn the same chemistry material in college much faster than you did in high school. Which method of memory evaluation does this illustrate?

answer

relearning

question

Unlike forgetting in short-term memory, forgetting in long-term memory is due to:

answer

retrieval problems.

question

Information stored in LTM is integrated in the ___ before it is transferred to ___ areas for permanent storage.

answer

hippocampus; cortical

question

Donald Hebb described a process that he believed was the physiological process responsible for learning and memory. He termed this process:

answer

synaptic facilitation.

question

The depth at which we process information determines how well it is encoded, stored, and retrieved. This statement is the central idea of the:

answer

levels of processing model.

question

Piaget's use of the term egocentric means that the child:

answer

cannot see things from another's perspective.

question

A 13-year-old breaks up with his first girlfriend and he is very upset. No one can console him, because he believes that no one else has ever been hurt as badly as he has been. The boy's beliefs are consistent with:

answer

adolescent egocentrism.

question

What changes in the brain have researchers associated with later adulthood?

answer

a decrease in brain weight

question

In helping to understand how we develop, the ___ approach suggests we are controlled by biological factors, while the ___ approach suggests that the psychological environment determines who we are.

answer

nature; nurture

question

Which of the following is an effect of climacteric in men?

answer

decline in sperm cell production

question

If you were to study the basic values of adolecents, such as attutudes toward work, saving money, and competition, you would probably find them to be similar to those

answer

of their peers.

question

An adolescent who hypothesizes and speaks in terms of possibilities may well be functioning in the cognitive stage of

answer

formal operational thought.

question

Which of the following terms is most closely tied with the nurture side of the nature versus nurture debate?

answer

learning

question

Based on the research by the Harlows, what happened when mother-deprived monkeys became mothers themselves?

answer

they rejected and attacked their own infants.

question

In the first level of Gilligan's theory of moral development, children are concerned with

answer

what is good for them

question

Overall, what effect does aging have on personality characteristics?

answer

fundamental aspects of personality are fairly stable.

question

Friendship groups or cliques begin to develop during which stage of cognitive development?

answer

concrete operational

question

The idea that objects continue to exist even when they are out of sight is known as

answer

object permanence

question

According to Kohlberg, nearly all children use only ___ reasoning at age of 7 years.

answer

premoral

question

Which of the following would be an example of telegraphic speech?

answer

Milk all gone.

question

Stage theorists believe that all children pass through different stages

answer

in the same order.

question

According to Kohlberg, higher levels of moral development reflect an increase in

answer

concern over the ethics of a person's actions.

question

During Erikson's stage known as intimacy vs. isolation, what happens?

answer

Individuals form into couples or become separated from meaningful relationships.

question

Which of the following behaviors is an example of Kohlberg's premoral level?

answer

getting good grades to earn money from your parents

question

One major change from the concrete operations stage to the formal operational stage is the acquisition of the ability to

answer

tink abstractly

question

What do stage theorists mean when they discuss that the transition between stages is a gradual blending?

answer

A child may have mastered part of the next stage while still struggling with part of the previous stage.

question

If a child can understand that 2+2=4 and 4-2=2, then the child possesses the characteristic of:

answer

reversibility

question

Puberty marks the onset of:

answer

adolescence

question

Between ages 7 and 11, many of the restrictions of earlier patterns disappear and children can think in sophisticated ways as long as what they are thinking about is tangibly represented. Piaget calls this stage:

answer

concrete operations.

question

The term ___ describes the use of oversimplified logic by adolescents.

answer

pseudo-stupidity

question

Bob has an unknown liquid and must determine what it is. He decides to systematically use a number of tests to determine what it is. What stage of cognitive development has Bob reached?

answer

formal operational

question

Monkeys who were reared alone for the first 6 months of their lives and placed with an opposite-sex monkey at adulthood:

answer

were fearful or clumsy in sexual situations.

question

The ability to use abstract concepts is a key component of the ___ stage of Piaget's theory of cognitive development.

answer

formal operations.

question

Right after Larry discovered he was terminally ill he felt like he could beat the illness. Which of Kubler-Ross's stages will Larry most likely experience next?

answer

anger

question

The first time a child possesses the ability of conservation occurs during the ___ stage of cognitive development.

answer

concrete operations

question

Which of the following is a common physical cause of intellectual decline in old age?

answer

hardening of the arteries of the brain

question

which of the following is a primary feature of adolescent egocentrism?

answer

hypocrisy

question

What three emotions are neonates capable of expressing?

answer

surprise, pleasure, and distress

question

Jean Piaget is notable for proposing a widely influential theory of ___ development.

answer

cognitive

question

When monkeys were raised in isolation for the first few months of their lives and then introduced into a normal environment,

answer

their behavior was affected, even three years later.

question

According to Kubler-Ross, the first stage of death and dying is

answer

denial

question

Over the lifespan, our brain

answer

loses weight

question

One of the problems associated with stage theories of adult development is that

answer

very few studies take into account women and aging.

question

During which stage of social development do peer relationships become the most important relationship?

answer

adolescence

question

Compared to individuals in their 20s, individuals in their 70s showed declines in

answer

fluid intelligence

question

On what tests do older adults tend to perform better than younger adults?

answer

word meaning and wise decision making

question

Which of the following would indicate that a human parent and child have formed a strong attachment?

answer

separation anxiety

question

The fact that a two-year-old child cannot catch a ball with one hand would emphasize the importance of ___ in the development.

answer

maturation

question

Which of the following is the correct order of stages in Kohlberg's theory of moral development?

answer

Premoral, conventional, principled

question

Which of Piaget's stages of cognitive development is characterized by egocentric thought?

answer

preoperational

question

The first two weeks of life are known as the ____ period.

answer

neonatal

question

\"Out of sight, out of mind\" can describe the behavior of a child who has not mastered the concept of

answer

object permanence

question

In Piaget's cognitive development theory, the infancy period occurs during the ___ stage.

answer

sensorimotor

question

Which of the following is a key psychological variable of happy aging?

answer

ignoring myths about old age

question

Which of the following statements best describes moral reasoning at the conventional level?

answer

Individuals make choices based on what others will think of them.

Psychology Ch 8 10 – CJK

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards