Absolute And Relative Ethics Commerce Essay Example

generates. Personally, I advocate for considering both types of ethical principles when making decisions. We should prioritize judgments that promote either individual well-being or societal welfare on a broader scale.

Absolute and comparative morals

Absolute morals emphasize a universal moral code that applies equally to all individuals, regardless of age or circumstances, without changing in different situations or perspectives. In contrast, relative morals suggest that moral standards vary depending on circumstances, influenced by cultural and religious differences. These factors significantly impact the determination of ethical or immoral actions. For example, Islam permits having multiple wives, whereas Christianity considers it immoral.

Examples of ethical issues impacting business operations

Ethical behavior brings various advantages such as enhanced revenue through positive consumer support.

This will also lead to improved brand and business awareness and recognition. Additionally, if the business operates ethically, it will result in enhanced employee motivation and recruitment. Ultimately, the business will grow due to new sources of financing. Nevertheless, challenging situations and ethical dilemmas are sometimes encountered.

When considering situations like child labor and forced labor, it can be difficult to decide between right and wrong. Employing children or compelling individuals to work without their consent is against the law. Engaging in child labor and participating in forced labor, regardless of the agreement of the child or their parents, are both morally unacceptable and illegal.

Manufacturing in sweatshops is seen as unethical due to the extremely challenging or hazardous work conditions they offer. It is the duty of employers to prioritize workplace safety and ensure fair compensation for their employees. When assigning demanding tasks or requiring employees to work extra hours, ethical considerations should be kept in mind. Refusing breaks to workers

who have been working nonstop for extended periods violates their basic rights.

Regardless of any deadlines or workload, it is imperative to guarantee that all workers are given fundamental rights. Neglecting wellness, safety, and environmental standards due to financial constraints is unethical. The employer must fulfill the required criteria in these aspects without any justification for such conduct.

Employee behavior is a contentious issue for employers. The question of whether employees should be allowed to read their personal emails at work is a common point of debate. Additionally, employers must determine how to handle allegations of workplace harassment. These examples highlight ethical concerns surrounding employee behavior.

Supplier/Customer Relations also present ethical dilemmas, as businesses must consider whether it is ethical to engage with other businesses that have unethical practices.

Mentions:

Ethical Studies Second Edition, Bob Bowie, Robert Bowie, Edition 2, illustrated, Publisher Nelson Thornes, 2004

Ethical Issues in Youth Work, Professional moralss, Sarah Banks, Taylor & Francis, 2010

Ethical Issues in Business: Inquiries, Cases and Readings Peg Tittle Broadview Press 2000

Current Issues in Business Ethics Peter W. F.

< p >Davies, Routledge, 1997

< h3>Undertaking 2

< p>An aim refers to a specific state or condition that a business seeks to achieve. It can be seen as a desired goal or outcome. In the business context, aims are usually expressed in terms of profit. Business aims can be categorized into long-term and short-term goals. Long-term aims include market standing, productivity, innovation, financial resources, profitability, and employee performance. Furthermore, businesses may have public and social responsibilities as part of their long-term objectives.

Although net income, client orientation, endurance, growth, increase in gross revenues, increase in market share, and efficiency are all functional or short-term objectives,
the level of

commitment a company or business has towards achieving these objectives differs.
It is important to consider several legal and ethical concerns. To illustrate,
the company aims to expand and maximize profits.
Nevertheless, they have identified a flaw in the product they are marketing,
yet customers continue to buy it without any complaints so far.
Persisting with the sale of this product contradicts moral and ethical principles.

Another example of unethical behavior is when a company provides assistance to the public without having trained and authorized individuals to do so. This may result in desired profits and gaining favor with clients, but it is the employer's responsibility to acknowledge that this behavior goes against ethics. Stakeholder groups differ in their level of interest in business activities and their ability to influence business decisions.

Stockholders play a vital role in a business as they are interested in profit growth, share price growth, and dividends. They hold the power to elect managers. While it may be a common practice to keep them satisfied with material gifts and rewards, this is unethical and a responsible business should avoid such practices. Banks and other lenders are also important stakeholders as they support the business by providing funds. It is important to consider ethical considerations when dealing with banks and other lenders.

The role of directors and managers as stakeholders is to ensure repayment of involvement and principal, maintain recognition evaluation, implement loan agreements, and withdraw banking facilities. Additionally, they have an important role in dealing with wage, share options, and job satisfaction. They also make informed decisions based on detailed information about the company. Employees are a significant part of the stakeholder group.

To promote ethical behavior, proper

wages, rewards, job security, job satisfaction, and motivation should be ensured. If these factors are ethically implemented, the outcome will be beneficial in terms of turnover, industrial action, and service quality improvement. Long-term contracts, prompt payment, and business growth for suppliers would also be more appealing. When deciding on pricing, quality, and product availability, ethical considerations should be taken into account. Customers have a crucial role as stakeholders.

For businesses, meeting customer expectations is crucial. Customers seek dependable quality, reasonable prices, product availability, and outstanding customer service. Ethics play a significant role in achieving these goals as businesses strive to satisfy customers for financial gain. Satisfied customers often recommend the business to others, contributing to its success. Additionally, the community also holds importance as a key stakeholder.

Business people should prioritize security and compliance with health and safety regulations and laws. It is unethical to operate a business without abiding by these rules. Additionally, creating a safe environment is crucial. Businesses should also strive to create local job opportunities to contribute towards employment in the area. The government plays a significant role in establishing laws that must always be followed by business people. To establish an ethical standard for conducting business, it is essential to go beyond merely having a written policy.

It is crucial that all individuals, including policy makers and managers, follow and enforce ethical standards to guarantee their efficacy. While written documents and policies hold significance, our conduct, habits, and actions form the foundation for establishing ethical standards.

References:

Marketing Plans: How to Fix Them, How to Use Them by Malcolm McDonald, Hugh Wilson (John Wiley ; Sons, 2011) Introduction to Travel and Tourism Marketing by J.

Alf Bennett, J.W. Strydom, J.A.

Undertaking 3

An entity with the ability to distinguish between right and wrong is known as a moral agent. In addition, a moral agent can be held accountable for their actions or choices. Moral agents have both privileges and obligations. If we argue against blaming or assuming responsibilities, we are contradicting the concept of moral agency and rejecting duties and rights. To meet the requirements of being a moral agent, one must be a living being because they need to comprehend basic moral principles and apply them in decision-making processes. They should possess qualities like uneasiness, memory, adherence to moral principles, values, reasoning capabilities, and judgment-making skills.

Businesses are now acknowledged as entities that go beyond pursuing profit. They are also seen as moral agents responsible for their interactions with employees, clients, investors, and suppliers. Society regards companies as having equal rights and responsibilities as individual citizens. Companies are accountable for the actions of their employees. By advocating for benefits, compensation, or competitive practices, businesses assert themselves as moral agents.

Companies must comply with regulations and ordinances that establish acceptable business conduct. While not a person, a business can be viewed as a moral agent in society. Failure to operate ethically can result in severe penalties or fines from regulatory bodies. Businesses should strive to involve their employees, particularly when it comes to the ethical performance of the company. the engagement and involvement of employees are designed to enhance their performance and commitment.

To ensure that all employees are familiar with the company's policies and guidelines, it is essential to establish pleasant policies for each concern. It is important that every individual within the company

comprehends their roles and responsibilities precisely in order to maintain ethical conduct. Regular meetings and discussions should be held between the employer and employees. Any issues causing confusion or uncertainty regarding ethical matters need to be addressed, with assistance always available to employees. Thorough training must be provided to guarantee a full understanding of job functions and associated expectations.

Maintaining ethical standards and upholding integrity is crucial for the company. All employees should actively participate in this responsibility, not just a select few. Collaboration as a team is essential. Each employee must contribute to achieve profitability while adhering to ethical values. Recent events have emphasized the importance of ethics in organizations. Although some research suggests a slight correlation between ethical practices and financial success, the exact mechanism behind this connection remains uncertain.

When employees witness their company upholding higher ethical standards, they cultivate a stronger sense of loyalty towards the company. This loyalty subsequently leads to employees exhibiting organizational citizenship behaviors towards their colleagues, ultimately resulting in enhanced financial performance. The degree to which an individual emotionally connects with their employer is the most significant factor in how business ethics contribute to financial rewards. By establishing and adhering to strong ethical guidelines, a company grants its employees a clear comprehension of job expectations.

Increasing productivity is a result of reducing ambiguity in job roles. It is crucial for employees to provide support and go beyond their assigned tasks to assist colleagues, even if it means helping with overdue tasks. This behavior ensures that necessary activities are accomplished regardless of who performs them. Alongside ethics training, it is vital to establish a code of ethics and guidelines that adhere

to legal and professional standards.

Employers should maintain patience and composure, recognizing that new employees may require time to adjust to their surroundings. After completing training, all employees will collaborate towards the common objective of attaining financial prosperity. Consequently, it is imperative for employees to feel involved and empowered concerning the ethical execution of business operations.

Mentions:

Business Ethical motives: Ethical Decision Making ; A ; Cases, O. C. Ferrell, John Fraedrich, Ferrell, Cengage Learning, 2012 Ethical Issues in Contemporary Human Resource Management, Diana Winstanley, Jean Woodall, Palgrave Macmillan, 2000

Undertaking 4

The chosen concern is a private acquisition Centre or an academy that provides various vocational classes to students.

The Centre operates unethically by offering assistance to students during their final exams, knowing that the examination papers are already known. Despite students benefiting from this aid and achieving excellent results, it raises ethical concerns. Another major ethical concern is that instructors lack the necessary qualifications to teach the courses. However, the business thrives and generates significant profit. It easily attracts numerous students who wish to pass their exams effortlessly.

Underqualified instructors are being paid less by the employer, which is beneficial for all parties involved: the employer, employee, and service users. However, it is important to consider ethics in this situation. For example, a student who has completed a first aid course and obtained a certification might be proud of their achievement. Nevertheless, the crucial question is whether they will be capable of handling an emergency situation.

In order to improve the ethics of its operations and also ensure that the Center is meeting objectives and promoting a positive employer/employee

relationship, there is much work to be done. Employers must acknowledge that this behavior is unethical. Examinations should be conducted in stringent conditions, without offering any assistance to the students. Engaging in such actions is both unethical and illegal.

If any review bureau is aware of this, the entire company could face severe charges and may even be forced to shut down. Consequently, the students would also be negatively affected. To improve their operations significantly, it is crucial for this company to evaluate and address every aspect of their business ethically. The unlawful act of providing assistance to students and employing underqualified instructors ultimately hampers the development of bright students. Therefore, it is evident that this private company is not contributing any positive impact.

These pressing matters require careful consideration and thorough action must be taken against this company. Teachers should be fully qualified and properly trained. The test should be conducted in a transparent manner without any assistance provided. Practice sessions should be provided to students, if necessary. If students are able to afford it, they should be offered assistance with their curriculum and practice sessions. Competence - when excessive or false claims are made or individuals attempt to mislead, there should be a definite set of ethical guidelines and procedures to address such situations in business.

ABC Learning Academy, a private institute that offers vocational classes, has developed a comprehensive moral code for its employees. The institution is primarily composed of esteemed scholars and various staff roles including managers, board members, directors, instructors, decision-makers, cleaners, and assistants. This moral code serves as a reliable guide for staff members during challenging situations and establishes a solid

ethical framework that must be adhered to in all workplace decisions.