Chemistry Matter and Change – Glencoe – Chapter 5 – Flashcards
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electomagnetic radiation
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form of energy that exhibits wavelike behavior as it travels through space such as light
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wavelength
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shortest distance between equivalent points on a continuous wave
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frequency
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the number of waves that pass a given point per second
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amplitude
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the wave's height from the origin to a crest or trough
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electromagnectic spectrum
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includes all forms of electromagnetic radiation, with the only differences in the types of radiation being their frequencies and wavelengths
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quantum
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minimum amount of energy that can be gained or lost by an atom
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Planck's constant
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value of 6.626x10^-34J*s, where j is the symbol fo rjoule, the SI unit of energy
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photoelectric effect
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electrons are emitted from a metal's surface when light of a certain frequency, or higher than a certain frquency, shines on the surface
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photon
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a massless particle that carries a quantumof energy
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atomic emission spectrum
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the set of frequencies of the electromagnetic waves emitted by atoms of the element
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ground state
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the lowest allowable energy state of an atom
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quantum number
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the number assigned to each orbit
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de Broglie equation
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predicts that all moving particles have wave characteristics
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Heisenberg uncertainty principle
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states that it is fundamentally impossible to know precisely both the velocity and position of a particle at the same time
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quantum mechanical model of the atom
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the atomic model in which electrons are treated as waves
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principal quantum number
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indicates the relative size and energy of atomic orbitals
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principle energy level
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major energy level
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energy sublevel
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pricipal energy level
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atomic orbital
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wave function predicts a three-dimensional region around the nucleus
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electron configuration
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the arrangement of electrons in an atom
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aufbau principle
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states that each electron occupies the lowest energy orbital available
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Pauli exclusion principle
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states that a maximum of two electrons can occupy a single atomic orbital but only if the electrons have opposite spins
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Hund's rule
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states the single electrons with the same spin must occupy each equal-energy orbital before additional electrons with opposite spins can occupy the same orbitals
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valence electron
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are defined as electrons in the atom's outermost orbitals - generally those orbitals associated with the atom's highest principal energy level
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electron-dot structure
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consists of the element's symbol, which represents the atomic nucleus and inner-level electrons, surrounded by dots represnenting all of the atom's valence electrons
