ANTHRO CHAPTER 10 – Flashcards
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Black English Vernacular (BEV)
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a rule-governed dialect of American English with roots in southern English. BEV is spoken by African American youth and by many adults in their casual, intimate speech- sometimes called ebonics
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call systems
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systems of communication among nonhuman primates, composed of a limited number of sounds that vary in intensity and duration; tied to environmental stimuli
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cultural transmission
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a basic feature of language; transmission through learning
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daughter languages
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languages developing out of the same parent language; for example, French and Spanish are this of Latin
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descriptive linguistics
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The scientific study of a spoken language, including its phonology, morphology, lexicon, and syntax
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diglossia
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the existence of "high" (formal) and "low" (familial) dialects of a single language, such as German
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displacement
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a linguistic capacity that allows humans to speak of things and events that are not present
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focal vocabulary
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a set of words and distinctions that are particularly important to certain groups, such as types of snow to Eskimos or skiers
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historical linguistics
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subdivision of linguistics that studies languages over time
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kinesics
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the study of communication through body movements, stances, gestures, and facial expressions
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lexicon
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vocabulary: a dictionary containing all the morphemes in a language and their meaning
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morphology
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the study of form; used in linguistics and for form in general - for example, biomorphology relates to physical form
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phoneme
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significant sound contrast in a language that serves to distinguish meaning, as in minimal pairs
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phonemics
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the study of the sound contrasts (phonemes) of a particular language
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phonetics
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the study of speech sounds in general; what people actually say in various languages
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phonology
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the study of sounds used in speech
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productivity
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the ability to use the rules of one's language to create new expressions comprehensible to other speakers; a basic feature of language
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protolanguage
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language ancestral to several daughter languages
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Saphir-Whorf hypothesis
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theory that different languages produce different ways of thinking
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semantics
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a language's meaning system
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sociolinguistics
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study of relationships between social and linguistic variation; study of language in its social context
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style shifts
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variations in speech in different contexts
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subgroups
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languages within a taxonomy of related languages that are most closely related
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syntax
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the arrangement and order of words in phrases and sentences
