Bio Ch. 8 – Flashcard
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While on the voyage of the HMS Beagle, Darwin:
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nurtured his love of studying nature, exploring plant and animal diversity, and collecting fossils
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-- refers both to the process by which organisms become better matched to their environment and to the features of an organism that make it more fit than other individuals
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Adaptation
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What are the primary line of evidence demonstrating the occurrence of evolution?
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fossil record, biogeography, comparative anatomy and embryology, and molecular biology
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-- selection favors organisms that have character values at both extremes of the phenotypic distribution
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disruptive
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-- makes it possible to determine the absolute age of fossils
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radiometric dating
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the appropriate unit for defining and measuring genetic variation is the:
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population
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The consistent accumulation of mutations that creates differences in the DNA sequences of two diverging groups of organisms is referred to as:
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a "molecular clock."
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During gene flow, where do the genes flow to?
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the genes flow into and out of the population due to migration of individuals from one population to another
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During genetic drift, where do the genes drift to?
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the genes do not drift at all- drift is a mathematical metaphor that means gene frequencies are unstable and drift from one number to another
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-- still exhibits differential reproductive success; however, mating and crossing is directed by humans and not nature
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artificial Selection
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Tiktaalik appears to:
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represent a transitional species, somewhere between fish and land animals
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-- is a change in allele frequencies in a population
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evolution
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When a group of individuals colonizes a new habitat, this is likely to be an evolutionary event because:
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small founding populations are rarely genetically representative of the initial populayion
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"Survival of the fittest" is a misleading phrase. Individuals with the greatest --are the most fit in any population.
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reproductive output
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-- : patterns in geographic distribution of organisms
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biogeography
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--: physical evidence of organisms from the past
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fossil record
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--: implementation of the scientific method to observe and study evolution
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laboratory and field studies
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--: growth, development, and body structures of major groups of organisms
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comparative anatomy
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How is an organism's fitness measured?
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relative to other genotypes/phenotypes in the population, only for a specific environment, by reproductive success, and for a given point in time
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What is a primary line of evidence demonstrating the occurrence of evolution?
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fossil record, biogeography, comparative anatomy and embryology, and molecular biology
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Radiometric dating is useful in conjunction with the study of the fossil record because:
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it allows a determination not only of the relative ages of different fossils, but their absolute ages as well
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What is an agent of evolutionary change?
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genetic drift, natural selection, mutation, and migration
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Estimates of evolutionary relatedness based on a "molecular clock"are supported by:
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the fossil record and observations of comparative anatomy
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The taxonomic rank that includes genera but not order is:
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family
