Conceptual Physics Chapter 27: Light – Flashcards
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Photon
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In the particle model of electromagnetic radiation,a particle that travels only at the speed of light and whose energy is related to the frequency of the radiation in the wave model.
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Light Year
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The distance that light travels in a vacuum in one year.
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Electromagnetic Wave
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A wave that is partly electric and partly magnetic and carries energy. Emitted by vibrating electric charges.
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Electromagnetic Spectrum
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The range of electromagnetic waves extending from radio waves to gamma rays.
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Infrared
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Electromagnetic waves of frequencies lower than the red of visible light.
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Ultraviolet
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Electromagnetic waves of frequencies higher than those of violet light.
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Transparent
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Term applied to materials that allow light to pass through them in straight lines.
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Opaque
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Term applied to materials that absorb light without re-emission, and consequently do not allow light through them.
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Ray
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A thin beam of light.
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Shadow
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A shaded region that results when light falls on an object and thus cannot reach into the region on the far side of the object.
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Umbra
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The darker part of a shadow where all t he light is blocked
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Penumbra
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A partial shadow that appears where light from part of the source is blocked and light from another part of the source is not blocked.
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Polarization
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The aligning of vibrations in a transverse wave, usually bu filtering out waves of other directions
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Einstein
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Light consists of tiny particles of energy that travel as waves.
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Newton
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Light consists of tiny particles.
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Euclid
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Vision results from streamers or filaments emitted by the eye making contact with an object.
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Huygens
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Light is a wave.
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Dual Nature
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In modern theory, Light has a dual nature; part particle and part wave.
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R.M.I.V.U.X.G.
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Radio waves, microwaves, infrared waves, visible light, ultraviolet rays, gamma rays.
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Energy in an Electromagnetic Wave
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Energy is part electric and part magnetic.
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DO NOT Pass through Light
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Infrared and Ultra-violet light do not pass through glass while visible light does.
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Resonance on Glass
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Electron in glass have a natural frequency in ultra-violet range.
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Atmosphere Transparency
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Our atmosphere is transparent to visible light and some infrared, but almost opaque to ultra-violet light.
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Clouds
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Are semi-transparent to ultraviolet.
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Observation from the Umbra during a Solar Eclipse
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Brief darkness during the day.
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Observation from the Penumbra during a Solar Eclipse
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A partial eclipse in which the sunlight is dimmed.
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Polarized Object
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Vibrating Electron
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Un-Polarized Object
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Incandescent bulb, the sun, a candle flame.
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1600s
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The idea that light consists of tiny particles was first proposed.
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Roemer
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His measurement of discrepancies in the position of Jupiter's moon lo was the first demonstration showing that light travels at a finite speed.
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Receiving Material Response
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When light is incident upon it depends on the frequency of the light and the natural frequency of the electron in the matter/
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Electron's Response
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Are able to respond to the ultra-fast vibration of visible light because the electrons have small enough mass to vibrate fast.
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Structure of glass
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Infrared waves vibrate only the electrons in glass.
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Transparent Materials
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Absorb light energy and re-emit it so that it is passed on to neighboring atoms.
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Opaque Materials
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An coordinated vibrations given by light to the atoms and molecules are turned into random kinetic energy, or internal energy.
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Defined Edges
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Few shadows have clearly defined edges.
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Can
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Shadows can occur when light is bent while passing through a transparent material.
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Polarization is a..
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Characteristic of transverse waves and longitudinal waves.
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Combination of Views
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You see from both eyes which gives depth to what you see.
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High Frequency and Short Wavelength
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Ultra-violet has a higher frequency than violet light and has a shorter wavelength.
