Thank you for arguing chapters 1-13 – Flashcards
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To win a delibertaive arguement
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Dont try to outscore your opponent. Try instead to get your way
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The three goals a speaker can have for an audience
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Change their mood, mind, willingness to act
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The three core issues
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Blame Values Choice
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Blame- tense
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Past
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Values-tense
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Present
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Choice-tense
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Future
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Present tense
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Demonstrative
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Past-tense
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Forensic
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Future-tense
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Deliberative
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Choice
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The most productive arguements use this as their central issue
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Control the clock
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Keep your arguement in the right tense
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Arguement's rule number one
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Never debate the undebatable
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Arostotles three most powerful tools of persuasuion
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Arguement by Charcater Logic Emotion
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Logos
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Arguement by logic
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Ethos
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Arguement by character
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Pathos
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Argument by emotion
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Concession
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Using the opponents argument to your own advantage
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Sympathy
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Registering concern for your audience's emotions and then chnaging the mood to suit your argument
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Most important appeal of all
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Ethos
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Decorum
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Your audience find you agreeable if you meet their expectations
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The perfect audience
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Receptive Attentive Well disposed towards you
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Aristotles three essential qualities of persuasive ethos
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Virtue-cause Practical wisdom-craft Disinterest-caring
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Virtue/cause
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The audience believes you share their values
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Practical wisdom/craft
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You appear to know the right thing to do on every occasion
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Disinterest/caring
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Caring only about the audience's interests rather than your own
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Bragging
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Easiest way to show how great you are
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Character refrences
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Get others to fo your bragging for you
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Changing your position
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When an arguement is dooned to go aganist you, support the other side
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Tactical flaw
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Reveal a weakness that wins sympathy or shows the sacrifice you have made for the cause
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Ways to pump up your rhetorical virtue
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Brag Character refrence Tactical flaw Switch sides
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Practical wisdom
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The audience thinks you know your craft, and can solve the problem at hand
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Tools for enhancing your practical wisdom
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Show off your experience Bend the rules Appear to take the middle course
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How to help disinterest
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The reluctant conclusion The personal sacrifice Dubitatio
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Dubitatio
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Show doubt in your own rhetorical skill
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Emotion comes from
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Experience and expectation
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Tell a story when
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You want to change someones mood
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Speak simply
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When arguing emotionally
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Self-control
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Pathos depends on
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Emulation
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Provide only the kind of role model your audience already admires
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Patriotism
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Rouse your audience's group feelings by showing a rival groups sucess
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Desire
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Exploting your audience's lust for something
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Tools of pathos
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Belief Storytelling Volume control Simple speech Anger Patriotism Emulation Unannounced emotion Desire Persuasion gaps
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Passive voice
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Pretend that things happened on their own
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Comfort
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Cognitive ease Simple Empower Smile
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Humor
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Urbane humor Wit Facetious humor Banter
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Backfire
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Calm an indiviuduals emotion in advance by overplaying it
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Commonplace
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Beliefs or rules of thumb not facts
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The advantageous
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Make the audience believe your choice is the advantageous one
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Babbling
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When your audience repeats the same thing over and over
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Techniques for labeling
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Term changing Redefinition Definition jujitsu Definition judo
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Framing techniques
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Commonplace words Broadest context Specific problem
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Stance
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Facts Definition Quality Relevance
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Deduction
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Uses a commonplace to reach a conclusion
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Enthymeme
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We shoud... because...
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Induction
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Arguement by example
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Three kinda od inductive logic
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Fact Comparison Story
