question

Phantom pain

answer

is difficult to treat because its origins and processes are unknown

question

Whether individuals can understand legal proceedings and can assist their attorney in their defense is called

answer

competence to stand trial.

question

Pediatric psychologists received specialized training in

answer

mental health problems associated with physical conditions

question

Insanity

answer

is a legal term whose standards have evolved over time.

question

The cooperation of professionals from many disciplines to facilitate the successful treatment of children and adolescents

answer

is supporting the concept of integrated primary care.

question

A treatment is considered efficacious if

answer

it works in large-scale studies run under controlled conditions.

question

Because he is an ethical and competent researcher, when the doctor reports the outcome of his study, he will

answer

a. use the CONSORT Standards. b. present a flow chart portraying the progress of his clients through each stage of the study. c. publish his findings in a peer-reviewed journal

question

Which of the following have been identified as components of stress hardiness?

answer

a. optimism b. resilience and curiosity c. faith and hope

question

Which of the following is NOT a therapist characteristic associated with demonstrable effectiveness?

answer

strict adherence to a theoretical approach

question

The use of projective tests with children

answer

"sometimes ...tell us poorly something we already know."

question

Which of the following is NOT a focus of pain research and treatment for health psychologists?

answer

developing medications to eliminate chronic pain

question

Which of the following accounts for the least amount of variance in most psychotherapy-outcome research?

answer

specific treatment techniques

question

The most common intelligence test used with children is the ___________ and the most frequently used achievement test is the ____________.

answer

WISC-IV; WJ-III

question

Malingering refers to

answer

Trying to appear more impaired and mentally ill, so as to avoid prosecution.

question

The fact that demographic variables are related to risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) indicates that

answer

lower socioeconomic status is inversely related to health-damaging behaviors.

question

Major depressive disorder

answer

may present different symptom patterns based on the child's developmental stage.

question

Family therapy has proven effective for

answer

a. improving communication patterns. b. improving behavior of the identified client. c. improving parental discipline techniques.

question

Which of the following have been used to improve adherence to medical procedures?

answer

a. breathing exercises and distraction techniques b. hypnosis c. systematic desensitization and relaxation

question

One main reason for the development of clinical child psychology is the finding that

answer

traditional adult-oriented approaches to assessment and intervention may have limited applicability for childhood disorders.

question

More recent research on general therapy outcomes that used meta-analyses indicates

answer

most forms of psychotherapy produce better outcomes than no treatment.

question

Which of the following practitioners would offer advice to attorneys about jury selection and eyewitness testimony?

answer

litigation psychologists

question

Autistic spectrum disorders

answer

a. have evidenced an alarming rate of increase in the past decade. b. are characterized by difficulties in social functioning.

question

Federal Rule of Evidence 702 concerns

answer

a. the reliability of scientific expert testimony. b. the applicability of the testimony to the facts of the case. c. the qualifications of the expert who is testifying.

question

What is a reason custody mediation might be undertaken?

answer

a. Protracted custody battles can leave families emotionally and financially challenged. b. Mediation helps the parties emotionally accept the situation. c. Mediation can help settle disputes and help establish a stable co-parenting relationship.

question

The interdisciplinary science that integrates knowledge from the social/behavioral sciences and medicine, and focuses on understanding and treating medical disorders is called

answer

behavioral medicine.

question

The core features of ADHD include

answer

a.inattention. b. impulsivity. c. overactivity.

question

Individuals who are at risk for developing CVD or hypertension

answer

can benefit from prevention programs aimed at reducing health-damaging behaviors.

question

Children with separation anxiety disorder

answer

experience distress upon separation, concerns about future separations, and are reluctant to be alone.

question

Comorbidity

answer

a. is the co-occurrence of two or more disorders. b. often happens in adult populations. c. tends to be the rule, rather than the exception, in child clinical populations.

question

Anticipatory nausea

answer

a. is an example of a classically conditioned response. b. can cause patients to forego treatments that could be lifesaving. c. is poorly controlled by standard anti-nausea medications.

question

Which of the following behaviors would constitute a "tort."

answer

a. malpractice b. libel and slander c. negligent behavior causing harm to another

question

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a person who is considered to have a Type A personality?

answer

problem-focused coping style

question

Which of the following statements about clinicians' use of outcome research findings in their practices is true?

answer

Practicing clinicians have become far more aware of treatment manuals, especially those who are younger and favor behavioral techniques.

question

Research has demonstrated that the most health-risky aspect of the Type A personality is

answer

hostility

question

Which of the following types of research attempts to understand the most helpful parts of treatments that are known to work?

answer

dismantling design

question

The psychoanalytic and behavioral traditions often look at an individual subject's response to treatment over time. In evaluating response to treatment, these clinicians are likely to use the

answer

within-subjects design

question

The increase in neuropsychological evidence about the development of the brain has led to discussions about

answer

whether juveniles should be tried and punished under the same standards as adults.

question

Asperger's disorder is

answer

a. a less severe pervasive developmental disorder than autistic disorder. b. is characterized by poor social skills. c. more common than autistic disorder.

question

Which of the following is likely to be found not competent to stand trial?

answer

a person who has schizophrenia and has never received treatment

question

According to published guidelines, which of the following is NOT considered essential for a child custody evaluation?

answer

a. A review of documents relevant to the case. b. interviews with and observations of the parents and the children c. standardized testing of parents and children Correctd. all of the above are essential in a child custody evaluation

question

The insanity plea is entered in what percent of criminal cases?

answer

0.5%

question

Which of the following is NOT a technique frequently used to improve adherence to treatment?

answer

offering fewer treatment options to patients who demonstrate low adherence.

question

_______________________ occurs when a psychologist attempts to evaluate the psychological state of an individual after than individual is deceased.

answer

A psychological autopsy

question

Which of the following client factors probably increase effectiveness of clinical interventions?

answer

a. openness. b. high levels of self-disclosure c. strong expectations of treatment success

question

Recommending that a depressed client increase his or her activity level and get regular exercise is an example of

answer

an evidence-based intervention that falls outside the traditionally defined roles of the psychotherapist.

question

The concept of coping

answer

a. refers to cognitive, emotional, and behavioral efforts to deal with stressors. b. is understood to entail two distinct types: emotion-focused and problem-focused.

question

A treatment is considered effective if

answer

it is useful in the real world of clinical service delivery.

question

When prevalence estimates for CD and ODD are combined, ___________of children can be considered to have one of these disruptive disorders.

answer

4% to 25% of girls or 4% to 32% of boys

question

In an experiment evaluating two treatments for anxiety, the treatment would be the _____________ variable, and the changes in the level of anxiety measured would be the _____________ variable.

answer

independent; dependent

question

In neither civil nor criminal courts can experts

answer

present their opinion about the parties' sanity at the time of the offense.

question

Which of the following is NOT considered an essential ability for competent decision making?

answer

being of at least average intelligence

question

The only consistent developmental data included in the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria are

answer

age of onset and course of the disorder.

question

Pediatric psychologists are committed to

answer

a. the treatment of mental conditions in children that are related to physical illnesses. b. the prevention of mental conditions that might arise because of physical illnesses in children.

question

ADHD

answer

is considered one of the most common childhood disorders.

question

The theory that describes several perceptual sets patients maintain that affect treatment compliance or adherence is called

answer

the health belief model.

question

Which of the following has NOT been demonstrated to be an effective program for preventing mental health problems in children and adolescents?

answer

DARE program

question

Which of the following was NOT presented as an illustration of the effectiveness of preventive interventions in the text?

answer

DARE programs effectiveness in reducing drug use in high schools.

question

An understanding that a child's temperament and behavior influences parental behavior, and that parental tolerance and responses alter child behavior is reflected in the concept of

answer

reciprocal or bidirectional interactions.

question

What is the most common parenting recommendation made by experts in custody cases?

answer

joint custody with parents splitting physical custody 50%/50%.

question

Evidence-based practices

answer

have been shown through empirical research evidence to work effectively.

question

The transtheoretical model in health psychology

answer

a. addresses cognitive factors involved in people's decision to change health-related behaviors. b. assesses a client's readiness and ability to inhibit certain behaviors. c. assesses a client's ability to perform certain behaviors.

question

Forensic psychology is a specialty area that

answer

a. has become a major professional activity for many clinical psychologists. b. applies psychological principles and knowledge to legal issues. c. is a growth area in clinical psychology.

question

When a child experiences depression, anxiety, somatic problems, and other significant discomfort, these are indications of

answer

internalizing behaviors.

question

A major contribution health psychologists have made to working with individuals with HIV/AIDS is

answer

focusing attention on the fact that most cases can be prevented by encouraging the avoidance of risky behavior patterns.

question

Which of the following is NOT an example of problem-focused coping?

answer

distancing oneself from the situation

question

Research on the therapeutic alliance indicates that

answer

a better therapeutic alliance is associated with better treatment outcomes.

question

Research conducted by Gurman and Snyder (2011) on couples therapy indicates that most couples

answer

experience generally positive effects and were better off after treatment.

question

Which of the following are considered psychological risk factors?

answer

aggressiveness, anxiety, and depression

question

Which of the following is a change that has been made to the insanity defense in the last 20 years?

answer

Several states have abolished the insanity defense altogether.

question

Expert witnesses on psychological matters

answer

testify in as many as 1,000,000 civil trials a year.

question

Pediatric psychologists received specialized training in

answer

mental health problems associated with physical conditions

question

When a child is exhibits acting-out behavior, such as aggression and delinquency, these behaviors are considered

answer

externalizing behaviors.

question

Health psychology has grown because

answer

a. medical professionals are often not well-trained to deal with the behavioral and psychological aspects of disease. b. as many as 60% of office visits are associated with patient distress. c. prevention and treatment of stress and difficulties related to illness are increasingly carried out by health psychologists.

question

Dr. Who is planning to apply for federal funding from the NIH for his study comparing two distinct forms of therapy he encountered during his travels. He will be most likely to get funded if he uses

answer

randomized clinical trials

question

Characteristics within the child, family, or community that increase the probability a child will develop an emotional or psychological problem are called

answer

risk factors

question

Which of the following is NOT a reason that an alternative to box score reviews was sought?

answer

The statistics used for the analyses were too complex.

question

Conduct disorder (CD)

answer

a. is more severe than Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). b. is often preceded by ODD. c. is referred to in the DSM as a disruptive behavior disorder.

question

Several types of psychotherapeutic interventions have been studied for treating the depression that often accompanies HIV/AIDS diagnosis. Which ones were found to be the most helpful?

answer

interpersonal therapy and supportive therapy, plus antidepressant medication

question

The relatively new field of study that looks at the study of childhood disorders in the context of the development of competencies, as well as disorders, is

answer

developmental psychopathology.

question

Better outcomes for group therapy members are achieved when

answer

the group encourages independent learning and confrontive interactions.

question

The individual who called the pattern of central and autonomic nervous system responses the general adaptation syndrome was

answer

Hans Selye.

question

Individuals who are at risk for developing CVD or hypertension

answer

can benefit from prevention programs aimed at reducing health-damaging behaviors.

question

A formalized indication of a desire to not receive life-sustaining medical treatment if one becomes incapacitated is called

answer

an advance medical directive

question

The concept of normative discontent illustrates

answer

how important it is to understand a child's developmental level when assessing problems.

question

Behavior rating scales are

answer

are inexpensive, easy to administer, and usually reliable and valid.

question

Behavioral observations

answer

are considered an integral part of the assessment of childhood disorders.

question

The theorist who argued that the spontaneous remission rate for individuals who did not receive therapy was higher than the remission rates for those who did was

answer

Hans Eysenck

question

What is one of the primary goals in designing psychotherapy outcome experiments?

answer

a. having high levels of internal validity b. having high levels of external validity

question

Criminal profiling remains somewhat controversial because

answer

there is a lack of empirical evidence to support the practice.

question

Poverty is associated with which of the following?

answer

a. housing instability. b. chaotic family environments. c. exposure to maladaptive peer networks.

question

Estimates of abuse in the general child population are _______________, while estimates of the percentage of children seeking psychological care who have been abused are about _______________.

answer

5% to 26%; 46%

question

_________________ studies combine and compare the results of many studies.

answer

Meta-Analytic

question

Many researchers suspect that _____________________is the factor that links stress to illnesses, such as colds and cancers.

answer

immunosuppression

question

According to the text, which of the following legal situations do many mental health professionals consider the most ethically challenging and clinically difficult?

answer

child custody and parental fitness evaluations

question

The health belief model (HBM) helps explain

answer

why some patients don't adhere to treatment plans.

question

Emotion-Focused coping

answer

is favored for stressors involving health issues.

question

The Task Force on Promotion and Dissemination of Psychological Procedures

answer

a. identified 145 treatments as at least "promising" to be efficacious. b. found that between 60% and 90% of empirically supported treatments were cognitive-behavioral in nature. c. established a set of criteria for research designs capable of reliably and validly drawing conclusions about the effectiveness of clinical interventions.

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