Chapter 15 Paramedic Airway Management, Respiration, and Artificial Ventilation – Flashcards

• all structures above the glottis • nasopharynx • frontal, maxillary, ethmoid, sphenoid sinuses • oropharynx • laryngopharynx • larynx

• all structures below the glottis • trachea • bronchial tree • alveoli • lungs • ends where the trachea bifurcates into the right and left main bronchi; at the level of the jugular notch

• a recess located on either side of the larynx • foreign materials that are swallowed may become lodged in these areas

• a downward and backward projection of the last tracheal cartilage • forms a ridge that seperates the opening of the right and left mainstem bronchus • occurs at the sternal angle (aka the angle of louis)

CONDUCTING AIRWAYS 1. right and left main bronchi 2. branch into secondary bronchi 3. they then divide into tertiary segmental bronchi 4. finally terminal bronchioles (smallest airways without alveoli) RESPIRATORY UNIT 5. terminal bronchioles divide into respiratory bronchioles 6. and then alveolar ducts

• functional units of the respiratory system • make up most of the lung tissue • together the two lungs have about 300 million alveoli • the alveoli are coated with pulmonary surfactant (then film produced by the alveolar cells that prevents alveoli from collapsing

• two lungs are seperated by the mediastinum • the contents of the mediastinum are: 1. heart 2. blood vessels 3. trachea 4. esophagus 5. lymphatic tissue 6. vessels

• left lung has 2 lobes, right has 3 • each lobe is divided into lobules • the left has 9, the right has 10 lobules

pleura cavity • the two laters of the pleura are visceral and parietal • they are separated by a serous fluid that acts as a lubricant to allow the membranes to slide past each other during breathing

respiration

RESPIRATION: • THE EXCHANGE OF OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE BETWEEN AND ORGANISM AND THE ENVIRONMENT VENTILATION: • MECHANICAL MOVEMENT OF AIR INTO AND OUT OF THE LUNGS VENTILATION MAKES RESPIRATION POSSIBLE

1. thoracic cage 2. phrenic nerve 3. mediastinum

• protects vital organs • prevents collapse of thorax during ventilation • consists of: 1. thoracic vertebrae 2. ribs and their associated costal cartilages 3. sternum

• most important muscle for ventilation • when the diaphragm contracts: 1. abdominal contents are pushed downward 2. intercostal muscles move the ribs upward and outward 3. increasing the volume and decreasing pressure in the thoracic cavity

• composed mostly of motor nerve fibers • produces contractions of the diaphragm (because of nerve fibers) • originates from the spinal cord between cervical nerves C3 and C5. Injury to this area may damage nerve cells that stimulate the phrenic nerve which fascilitates contraction of the diaphragm