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Life on the frontier was

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downright grim for most pioneer families.

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All of the following gave rise to a more dynamic, market-oriented, national economy in early nineteenth-century America except

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government regulation of all major economic industry.

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Pioneering Americans marooned by geography

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became ill informed and individualistic in their attitudes.

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In early-nineteenth-century America,

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the urban population was growing at an unprecedented rate.

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The dramatic growth of American cities between 1800 and 1860

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resulted in unsanitary conditions in many communities.

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"Ecological imperialism" can best be described as

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the aggressive exploitation of the West's bounty.

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George Catlin advocated

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the preservation of nature as a national policy.

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The influx of immigrants to the United States tripled, then quadrupled, in the

answer

1840s and 1850s.

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Ireland's great export in the 1840s was

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people.

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The Irish immigrants to early nineteenth-century America

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were mostly Roman Catholics and hated the British.

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When the Irish flocked to the United States in the 1840s, they stayed in the larger seaboard cities because they

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were too poor to move west and buy land.

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When the "famine Irish" came to America, they

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mostly remained in the port cities of the Northeast.

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Native-born Protestant Americans distrusted and resented the Irish mostly because these immigrants

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were Roman Catholic.

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German immigrants in the early nineteenth century tended to

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preserve their own language and culture.

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German immigrants to the United States

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came to escape economic hardships and autocratic government.

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When German immigrants came to the United States, they

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prospered with astonishing ease.

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Those who were frightened by the rapid influx of Irish immigrants organized

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the Order of the Star-Spangled Banner.

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The sentiment of fear and opposition to open immigration was called

answer

nativism.

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Native-born Americans feared that Catholic immigrants to the United States would

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"establish" the Catholic church at the expense of Protestantism.

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Immigrants coming to the United States before 1860

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helped to fuel economic expansion.

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The "Father of the Factory System" in the United States was

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Samuel Slater.

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Eli Whitney was instrumental in the invention of the

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cotton gin.

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Most of the cotton produced in the American South after the invention of the cotton gin was

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sold to England.

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The American phase of the industrial revolution first blossomed

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with textile mills.

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As a result of the development of the cotton gin,

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slavery revived and expanded.

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The underlying basis for modern mass production was the

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use of interchangeable parts.

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The early factory system distributed its benefits

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mostly to the owners.

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1.Samuel Morse 2. Cyrus McCormick 3. Elias Howe 4. Robert Fulton

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1.telegraph 2.mower-reaper 3.sewing machine 4.steamboat

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The American work force in the early nineteenth century was characterized by

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substantial employment of women and children in factories.

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One reason that the lot of adult wage earners improved was

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the enfranchisement of the laboring man.

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In the case of Commonwealth v. Hunt, the supreme court of Massachusetts ruled that

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labor unions were not illegal conspiracies.

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The "cult of domesticity"

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glorified the traditional role of women as homemakers

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Early-nineteenth-century American families

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were getting smaller.

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One of the goals of the child-centered family of the 1800s was to

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raise independent individuals.

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The effect of early-nineteenth-century industrialization on the trans-Allegheny West was to encourage

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specialized, cash-crop agriculture.

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With the development of cash-crop agriculture in the trans-Allegheny West,

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farmers quickly faced mounting indebtedness.

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In the 1790's a major transportation project linking the East to the trans-Allegheny West was the

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Lancaster Turnpike.

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Western road building faced all of the following problems except

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competition from canals.

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The major application for steamboats transporting freight and passengers in the United States was on

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western and southern rivers.

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The "canal era" of American history began with the construction of the

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Erie Canal in New York.

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Construction of the Erie Canal

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forced some New England farmers to move or change occupations.

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Most early railroads in the United States were built in the

answer

North.

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Compared with canals, railroads

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could be built almost anywhere.

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In the new continental economy, each region specialized in a particular economic activity: the South _________ for export; the West grew grains and livestock to feed _________; and the East _________ for the other two regions.

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grew cotton, eastern factory workers, made machines and textiles

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As a result of the transportation revolution,

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each region in the nation specialized in a particular type of economic activity

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In general, _________ tended to bind the West and South together, while _________ and _________ connected West to East.

answer

steamboats, canals, railroads

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All of the following were legal questions raised as a result of the new market economy except

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who should own the new transportation network?

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As the new continental market economy grew,

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the home came to be viewed as a refuge from the workday world.

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A major economic consequence of the transportation and marketing revolutions was

answer

a steady improvement in average wages and standards of living.

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