Professional Roles & Values WGU 2016 – Flashcards

An idea or a general impression. Concepts are the basic ingredients of theory. Examples of nursing concepts include pain, quality of life, health, stress, and adaptation.

A group of concepts that are associated because of their relevance to a common theme.

collection and organization of data related to nursing and its associated components.

The compilation of data that defines, describes, and logically relates information that will explain past nursing phenomena and predict future trends. Theories provide a foundation for developing models or frameworks for nursing practice development.

*I SCARF 1.Inclusiveness- INCLUDES all concepts related to area of interest 2. Consistency- add new entities without the founding assumptions being changed 3. Accuracy- predicts future outcomes 4. Relevance- relate to scientific foundation 5. Fruitfulness- generate new directions for future research 6. Simplicity- can be replicated, makes SENSE

A method of bringing together facts and giving them coherence and integrity Hypothesis Method Data collection Results Evaluation

Statement that proposes the relationship between and among concepts.

A diagram or visual representation of concepts, conceptual models, or theory.

Novice Advanced beginner Competent nurse proficient nurse Expert

is a beginner with no experience. They are taught general rules to help perform tasks, and their rule-governed behavior is limited and inflexible. In other words, they are told what to do and simply follow instruction.

shows acceptable performance, and has gained prior experience in actual nursing situations. This helps the nurse recognize recurring meaningful components so that principles, based on those experiences, begin to formulate in order to guide actions.

A nurse generally has two or three years' experience on the job in the same field. These nurses are more aware of long-term goals, and they gain perspective from planning their own actions, which helps them achieve greater efficiency and organization.

perceives and understands situations as whole parts. more holistic understanding of nursing, which improves decision-making. These nurses learn from experiences what to expect in certain situations, as well as how to modify plans as needed.

no longer rely on principles, rules, or guidelines to connect situations and determine actions. They have a deeper background of experience and an intuitive grasp of clinical situations. Their performances are fluid, flexible, and highly-proficient.

Florence Nightingale

Peplau Rogers Orem Roy Watson Newman Mishel

Psychodynamic Nursing Theory *People Explored interpersonal relationship of the nurse and the client The four phases of nurse-patient relationships are: 1. Orientation 2. Identification 3. Exploitations 4. Resolution The six nursing roles are: 1. Stranger 2. Resource person 3. Teacher 4. Leader 5. Surrogate 6. Counselor

A Grand Theory/Unitary of Man Science of unitary man: energy fields, openness, pattern, and organization Nurse promotes synchronicity between human beings and their universe/environment describes the entire nursing process.

Mid-range Theory: Self care deficit theory Self-care maintains wholeness. Three Theories: Theory of Self-Care Theory of Self-Care Deficit Theory of Nursing Systems Nursing Care: Wholly compensatory (doing for the patient) Partly compensatory (helping the patient do for himself or herself) Supportive- educative (Helping patient to learn self care and emphasizing on the importance of nurses' role

Adaptation Model often broad in scope and may describe and explain large segments of human experience. Nurse will be the change agent in assisting the individual with adaptation when an insult renders him in need of environmental modification Adaptation occurs by assisting the biopsychosocial client in modifying external stimuli

Journey to Well-Being based on Watson's Caring Theory Caring among nurse, environment, and client is essential to healing Holistic outlook addresses the effect and importance of altruism, sensitivity, trust, and interpersonal skills *CARING

Defines health as "expanding consciousness," or increasing complexity Theory stimulated by concern for those whom health as the absence of disease or disability is not possible Nurse's role: recognize person's unique pattern of life and work within that pattern to achieve person's goals Every person in every situation, no matter how disordered and hopeless it may seem, is part of the universal process of expanding consciousness

Uncertainty in illness is stress-producing and capable of contributing to negative physical and/or psychologic outcomes Uncertainty exists when client is unsure about a diagnosed illness Four-step framework assists nurses in working with clients: stimuli frame, appraisal stage, initiation of coping mechanisms, and adaptation

The conduct of one person makes another person fearful and apprehensive (threatening to place a nasogastric tube in a client who is refusing to eat).

Intentional and wrongful physical contact with a person that involves an injury or offensive contact (restraining a client and administering an injection against her wishes).

A person is confined or restrained against his will (using restraints on a competent client to prevent his leaving the health care facility).

A nurse releases the medical diagnosis of a client to a member of the press.

A nurse tells a coworker that she believes the client has been unfaithful to her spouse.

A nurse fails to implement safety measures for a client who has been identified as at risk for falls.

failure of a person with professional training to act in a reasonable and prudent manner. A nurse administers a large dose of medication due to a calculation error. The client has a cardiac arrest and dies.

system of principles that govern the actions of the nurse in relation to patients, families, other health care providers, policymakers, and society

-most widely accepted; a cognitive developmental process that is sequential in nature -Rules imposed by authority -Conformity to expected social and religious mores -Autonomous thinker who strives for a moral code beyond the issues of authority and reverence

concern for the welfare of others

acting in accordance with fair treatment regardless of economic status, race, ethnicity, age, citizenship, disability, or sexual orientation

respect for inherent worth and uniqueness of individuals and populations

right to self-determination

a system of principles by which a person can determine what ought and ought not to be done

an action is right if it leads to the greatest possible balance of good consequences, or to the fewest possible bad consequences

humans are rational and act out of principles that are consistent and objective and compel them to do what is right A decision is right only if it conforms to an overriding moral duty and wrong only if it violates that moral duty All decisions are made in such a way that the decision could become universal law

Principle of respect for the person: primary moral principle Concepts of freedom and informed consent are grounded in this principle

To promote goodness, kindness, and charity To abstain from injuring others and help others further their own well-being by removing harm; risks of harm must be weighed against possible benefits

duty not to inflict harm To abstain from injuring others

truth-telling

Jacob's grief of older women theory of unpleasant symptoms diabetic self-care management Tsai and colleagues' theory of chronic pain.

Initial and any subsequent assessment that requires nursing knowledge, judgment, and skill Determination of nursing diagnoses Establishment of nursing care goals Development of nursing plan of care Evaluation of patient's progress Health counseling or teaching Activities that require specialized nursing knowledge, skill, or judgment

Right task: delegated tasks must conform to established guidelines Right circumstances: tasks do not require independent nursing judgment Right person: one who is qualified and competent Right direction and communication: clear explanation about the task and outcomes and when the delegatee should report back to the RN Right supervision and evaluation: feedback to assess and improve the process; evaluate patient outcomes

American Red Cross

1st African American professional RN

Uses credential FAAN. Transform health care policy through nursing knowledge.

accreditation of BSN/MSN

Governs nursing practice in each state

Represents the nations rn population. develops standards of care in nursing

1) Grand theory, often broad in scope; describe and explain large segments of human experience. (Rogers's theory of unitary man describes the entire nursing process). 2) Middle- range and Practice theory, smaller in scope and simpler to understand, may refer to a specific population or situation, and used to guide nurses daily practice (Jacob's - grief of older women, Sousa and Zauszniewski's - diabetic self-care management, or Tsai and colleagues' - chronic pain). 3) Middle-range theory (Lenz and Pugh's - theory of unpleasant symptoms and Mishel's - uncertainty in illness).

AADPIE assessment analysis and diagnosis planning implementation evaluation

is a clinical judgement about an individual to actual health problems or life processes derived from assessment

provides a means of standardizing care for patients with similar diagnoses

describe phenomena speculate why and consequences

addresses nursing interventions ("prescription") for a phenomenon and predicts the outcome of intervention

Laws written and enacted by legislative bodies Violations are criminal offenses and are punishable by fines or imprisonment

Compassionate Patient-centered care is the provision of holistic care with respect for values, preferences and needs of the patient, family and community in the journey to well being across the lifespan. Evidence based practice is integrating "best current evidence with clinical expertise and patient/family preferences and values for delivery of optimal healthcare" (QSEN, 2009). Genomics and Genethics includes knowledge about the genetic basis of health and illness, the variables that impact the responses to genomic information and related ethical issues. Informatics/Technology Informatics is the engineering, storing, organizing and manipulation of data to support the provision of safe, effective quality care. Technology is the continuously changing array of devices and software used for patient care. Leadership/Education Leadership is the process of identifying and prioritizing goals to achieve optimal quality outcomes. Education is assessing learning needs and facilitating acquisition of knowledge, skills and abilities. Safety & Quality care minimizes risk of harm to patients, families, communities and providers through analyses of systems' effectiveness and individual performance while continually measuring quality of care in terms of cost, structure, process, and outcomes. Cultural competency is providing care that is acceptable to patients, families and communities from diverse cultural, ethnic and social backgrounds. Communication is effective interaction with patients, families, communities, professional colleagues and other health care team members. Teamwork and collaboration is effective engagement with nursing and interprofessional teams to foster open communication, mutual respect and shared decision making to achieve quality patient care. Professional/Legal/Ethical is effective decision-making and reflection within a framework of social justice and law, advocacy, and standards of practice to promote the common good.