Flashcards and Answers – MIS Chapter 1
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Information Technology
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relates to any computer-based tool that people use to work with information and to support the information and information processing needs of an organization
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Information system
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collects, processes, stores, analyzes, and disseminates information for a specific purpose
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informed user
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a person knowledge about information systems and information technology reasons why you should be informed: 1. you will benefit more from your organizations it apps because you will understand what is behind your screen. 2. you will be in a position to enhance the quality of your organizations it apps with your inputs 3. you will be in a position to recommend it applications 4. being an informed user will keep you abreast of both new info tech and rapid developments in existing technologies. 5. you will understand how using it can improve your organization's performance and teamwork as well as your own productivity.
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Chief Information Officer (CIO)
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highest ranking IS manager; is responsible for all strategic planning in the organization works with the CEO and CFO, often become CEO's.
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IS Director
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manages all systems throughout the organization and the day-to-day operations of the entire IS organization
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Information Center Manager
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manages IS services such as help desk, hot lines, training, and consulting
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Applications development manager
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coordinates and manages new systems development projects
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Projects manager
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manages a particular new systems development project
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systems manager
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manages a particular existing system
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operations manager
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supervises the day to day operations of the data and/or computer center
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programing manager
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coordinates all application programming efforts
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systems analyst
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interfaces between users and programers; determines information requirements and technical specifications for new applications - has a problem domain and solves problems and saves company money
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business analyst
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focuses on designing solutions for business problems; interfaces closely with users to demonstrates how IT can be used innovatively
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systems programmer
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creates the computer code for developing new systems software or maintaining existing system software
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applications programmer
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creates the computer code for developing new applications or maintaining existing applications
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emerging technologies manager
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forecasts technology trends; evaluates and experiments with new technologies
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network manager
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coordinates and manages the organization's voice and data networks
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database administrator
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manages the organizations databases and oversees the use of database management software
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auditing or computer security manager
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oversees the ethical and legal use of information systems
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webmaster
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manages the organizations world wide website
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web designer
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creates world wide websites and pages
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digital nomad
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uses IT to work remotely
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Data
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an elementary description of things, events, activities, and transactions that are recorded, classified, and stored but are not organized to convey any specific meaning. (3, 22, 2.96, 7.8, 99)
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information
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data that has been organized so that they have meaning and value to the recipient
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knowledge
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consists of date and or info that has been organized and processed to convey understanding, experience, accumulated learning, and expertise as they apply to a current business problem
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Computer-based information systems (CBIS)
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an information system that uses computer technology to perform some or all of its intended tasks. although not all info systems are computerized, most are.
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information technology components
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first four basic components of a computer based information system (hardware, software, database, network)
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hardware
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consists of devices such as the processor, monitor, keyboard, and printer. together, these devices accept, process, and display data and info
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software
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a program or collection of programs that enable the hardware to process data
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database
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a collection of related files or tables containing data
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network
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a connecting system (wire line or wireless) that permits different computers to share resources
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procedures
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the set of instructions for combing hardware, software, database, and network components in order to process info and generate the desired output
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information technology infrastructure
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the IT components (hardware, software, database, network) and the IT services
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Information services
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IT personnel use IT components to develop information systems, oversee secure and risk, and manage data.
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app
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a computer program designed to support specific task or business processes
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departmental information system
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the collection of application programs in a single department (also known as function area information system) for example HRIS
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functional area information systems (FAISs)
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ISs that support a particular functional area within the organization
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in sales and marketing, managers use information technology to perform the following functions:
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product analysis: developing new goods and services Site analysis: determining the best location for production and distribution facilities promotion analysis: identifying the best advertising channels price analysis: setting product prices to obtain the highest total revenue
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Enterprise resource planning systems
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Information systems designed to correct a lack of communication among the functional areas ISs by tightly integrating the functional area Iss via a common database
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Transaction Processing System
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supports the monitoring, collection, storage, and processing of data from the organization's basic business transactions, each of which generates data. (a transaction is anything that changes the firm's database) processes transaction data from business events.
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inter-organizational information systems
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information systems that connect two or more organizations. supports supply chain
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supply chain
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the flow of materials, information, money, and services from suppliers of raw materials through factories and warehouses to the end customers.
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Electronic Commerce Systems
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another type of inter organizational information systems. enables organizations to conduct transactions, B2B (business to business) or B2C (business to consumer)
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knowledge workers
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professional employees such as financial and marketing analysts, engineers, lawyers, and accountants. they create info and knowledge, which they integrate into business. advise middle managers and executives
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office automation systems (OASs)
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typically support the clerical staff, lower and middle managers, and knowledge workers. these employees use OASs to develop documents, schedule resources, and communicate.
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Business Intelligence Systems
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provide computer based support for complex, non routine decisions, primarily for middle managers and knowledge workers.
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Expert Systems (ES)
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attempt to duplicate the work of human experts by applying reasoning capabilities, knowledge, and expertise within a specific domain.
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Dashboards
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a special form of IS that support all managers of the organization. they provide rapid access to timely info and direct access to structured info in the form of reports
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Functional Area IS
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supports the activities within a specific functional area. (aka developed for something specific)
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office automation system
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supports daily work activities of individuals and groups
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management information system
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produces reports summarized from transaction data, usually in one functional area
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decision support system
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provides access to data and analysis tools
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expert system
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mimics human expert in a particular area and makes decisions
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executive dashboard
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presents structures, summarized information about aspects of business important to executives
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supply chain management system
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manages flows of products, services, and information among organizations
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electronic commerce system
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enables transactions between organizations and organizations and customers
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ergonomics
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the science of adapting machines and work environments to people; designing machines and work settings that minimize injury and illness. focuses on creating an environment that is safe, well lit, and comfortable
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information technology platform
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formed by the IT components of hardware, software, networks, and databases
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information technology services
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IT personnel use IT components to perform these IT services: develop information systems, oversee security and risk, and manage data
