Evolution by Natural Selection Study Guide – Flashcards
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fossil record
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information about past life, including the structure of organisms, what they ate, what ate them, in what environment they lived, and the order in which they lived
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comparative anatomy
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The comparison of body structures and how they vary among species
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similar embryology
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theory that a developing embryo represents the organisms evolution
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biogeography
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Dealing with the geographical distribution of animals and plants
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molecular biology
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The study of sequence data (nucleotides, peptides) for common biological molecules such as DNA, RNA, and ribosomal proteins and how these sequences differ among species
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how the theory of natural selection is supported
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conditions for natural selection
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-individuals vary in their traits -some of these variations are heritable -some individuals survive and reproduce better than other individuals -differential survival and reproduction (fitness) is influenced by the heritable traits of individuals
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evidences of natural selection
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fossil record, geographical distribution of living things, homologous structures of living organisms, and enbryology
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Galapagos islands and natural selection
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the tortoises and finches looked different at different islands, so must have evolvled differently on each island
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Charles Lyell
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Principles on Geology- the earth is a very old planet that is constantly changing; slowly- gradualism
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James Hutton
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Scottish geologist who described the processes that have shaped the surface of the earth (1726-1797)
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Jean Baptiste-Lamarck
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his Theory was that by selective use or disuse of organs, organisms acquired or lost certain traits during their lifetime. These traits could be passed on to their offspring. Over time, this process led to the change in a species.
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Thomas Malthus
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an English economist who argued that increases in population would outgrow increases in the means of subsistence (1766-1834)
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Alfred Wallace
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..., a British naturalist, the one who independently proposing a theory of natural selection which prompted Charles Darwin to publish his own more developed and researched theory sooner than he had intended
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survival of the fittest
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process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully; also called natural selection
