Biology: Cell Structure & Function Review Study Guide/ Key Concept – Flashcards
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State the 3 key points of the Cell Theory.
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- All living things are composed of one or more cells. - The cell is the smallest unit having the properties of life. - The continuity of life arises directly from the growth and reproduction of single cells.
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Name the 3 features that all cells have in common.
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1. Plasma Membrane 2. Cytoplasm 3. Nucleiod Region or Nucleus
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Describe the Plasma Membrane feature that all cells have in common.
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- Is the outermost membrane of the cell. - It maintains the cell as a distinct entity/ unit of life.
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Describe the Cytoplasm feature that all cells have in common.
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- The semi-fluid matrix of a cell. - Is found between the Plasma Membrane and Nucleiod Region or Nucleus.
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Describe the Nucleiod Region or Nucleus feature that all cells have in common.
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Depending of the species... Nucleiod Region - The DNA occupies the region of the Cytoplasm. Nucleus - Is surrounded by a membrane.
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Do chromosomes always have the same appearance during a cell's life?
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No, their appearance remain changing during a cell's life.
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Cell Walls are typical of the cells of which organism?
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- All plants, fungi, bacteria and many protistans
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What are the key differences between Prokaryotic Cells and Eukaryotic Cells?
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- Prokaryotic Cells DO NOT have a Nucleus - Eukaryotic Cells DO have a Nucleus
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What is a Cell?
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- Smallest unit of life - Prokaryotic/ Eukaryotic Cell
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What do cells look like?
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- Comes in all shape, sizes and color. - Depends on what organism it is.
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What is a Prokaryotic Cell?
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- Do NOT have a nucleus, nor do they contain any other membrane-bound Organelle. - Simplest cell (Smallest cell). - DNA is not enclosed in a Nucleus. - Have a Plasma Membrane and Cytoplasm.
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What organisms are Prokaryotic Cells?
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- ALL bacteria cells are Prokaryotic. Two kingdoms of Prokaryotic Celled organism - Archeabacteria - Eubacteria
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What are the functions of the Central Vacuole?
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- May take up as much as 50 - 90% of the cell interior. - It allows the cell to maintain its turgidity and stiffness.
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What is a Eukaryotic Cell?
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- Cells that have a membrane-bound Nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles in the Cytoplasm. - Specialized structures that make up the cell and preform functions essential for survival. - ALL Eukaryotic Cells contain organelle.
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What organism have Eukaryotic Cells?
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- You either have a Nucleus or once had a Nucleus.
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What do cells have in common?
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- Plasma Membrane - Cytoplasm - Nucleiod Region or Nucleus
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What is the biological significance of Organelles?
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- Organelles amount to a degree of compartmentalization and therefore a type of specialization. - The compartmentalization allows a large number of activities to occur simultaneously in a very limited space. - Physically separate chemical reactions, many of which are incompatible with each other.
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What are the basic tenets of the "Cell Theory"?
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- All living things are composed of one or more cells. - The cell is the smallest unit having the properties of life. - The continuity of life arises directly from the growth and reproduction of single cells.
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Who developed the "Cell Theory"?
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- Robert Hooke - Antony Van Leeuwenhoek - Robert Brown * - Matthias Schliedeh * - Theodor Schwann * - Rudolf Virchow
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What is the difference between Chromatin and Chromosomes?
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- Chromatin - Thin and threadlike, has a diffuse granny appearance (not dividing). - Chromosomes - Condenses and shortens into identifiable rod-shaped structure (undergo dividing).
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What is a Plasma Membrane?
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- Is the outermost membrane of the cell.
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What is Cytoplasm?
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- The semi-fluid matrix of the cell.
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Describe the structure and functions of the following Eukaryotic Organelles... Nucelus.
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- Generally the largest and most conspicuous structural area within the cell. FUNCTIONS TO: - Plays a central role in Cellular Respiration. - Plays a key role on determining what the cell wall becomes and what form it will have at maturity. - Directs the metabolic activities of the cell. - In summary - It basically controls the life process of the cell.
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Describe the stucture and functions of the following Eukaryotic Organelles... Rough Enodoplasmic Reticulum.
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- Exists as flattened , fluid-filled, membrane-enclosed sacs. - The rough appearance is due to many ribosomes being embedded in the membranes.
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Describe the structure and functions of the following Eukaryotic Organelles... Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum.
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- Does not have Ribosomes embedded in it. - Has much more or a tubular appearance. FUNCTIONS TO: - Synthesize membrane phospholipids. - To package proteins in vessels for transport. - As sites for chemical reactions.
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Describe the structure and functions of the following Eukaryotic Organelles... Golgi Bodies.
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- They appear like a stack or plates or pancakes. FUNCTION TO: - Modify lipids and proteins - Sort, packages, and ships to specific locations of the cell or out of the cell.
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Describe the structure and functions of the following Eukaryotic Organelles... Mitochondria.
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- Peanut of globular shaped. - Referred to as the "Powerhouse" of the cell.
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Describe the structure and functions of the following Eukaryotic Organelles... Chloroplasts.
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- Oval or disk-shaped. - Sac-like organelle used for storage
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Describe the structure and functions of the following Eukaryotic Organelles... Lysosome.
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- Digest cellular debris, parts of cells or whole cells.
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Describe the structure and functions of the following Eukaryotic Organelles... Chromoplast.
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- Red to yellow pigments - Store photosynthesis pigments, other than Chlorophylls. - Store Carotenoids
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Describe the structure and functions of the following Eukaryotic Organelles... Amyloplasts.
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- Are not colored - They store starch grains
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Describe the structure and functions of the following Eukaryotic Organelles... Peroxisome.
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- They multiply in a cell via fission
