Exam chapter 9 – Flashcards
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The following are steps used to make DNA fingerprints. What is the third step?
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Digest with a restriction enzyme.
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The reaction catalyzed by reverse transcriptase is
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mRNA → cDNA.
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Which of the following is an advantage of using E. coli to make a human gene product?
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Its genes are well known.
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Which of the following is NOT an agricultural product made by DNA techniques? A) Bacillus thuringiensis insecticide B) glyphosate-resistant crops C) pectinase D) nitrogenase (nitrogen fixation) E) Endotoxin may be in the product and it does not secrete most proteins.
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Pectinase
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If you have inserted a gene in the Ti plasmid, the next step in genetic engineering is
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Inserting the Ti plasmid into Agrobacterium.
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Biotechnology involves the
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Use of microorganisms to make desired products, the use of animal cells to make vaccines, and the development of disease-resistant crop plants.
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Which of the following is NOT a desired characteristic of DNA vectors used in gene cloning procedures? A) circular form of DNA or integrates into the host chromosome B) large size C) self-replication D) may replicate in several species E) has a selectable marker
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Large size.
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An advantage of synthetic DNA over genomic or cDNA is the ability to
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Insert desired restriction sites into the DNA sequence.
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An advantage of cDNA over genomic DNA is that it
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Lacks introns.
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Pieces of DNA stored in yeast cells are called a
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Library.
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A population of cells carrying a desired plasmid is called a
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Clone.
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Self-replicating DNA used to transmit a gene from one organism to another is a
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Vector.
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The Human Genome Project, which was completed in 2003, was focused on
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Determining the nucleotide sequence of the entire human genome.
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A colleague has used computer modeling to design an improved enzyme. To produce this enzyme, the next step is to
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Determine the nucleotide sequence for the improved enzyme.
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You have a small gene that you wish replicated by PCR. After 3 replication cycles, how many double-stranded DNA molecules do you have?
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8 double-stranded DNA molecules.
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Which of the following are used to silence specific genes and hold promise for treating cancer or viral diseases, such as hepatitis B? A) RNA interference (RNAi) B) reverse transcriptase PCR (rtPCR) C) DNA fingerprinting D) tumor-inducing plasmids (Ti plasmids) E) complementary DNA (cDNA)
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RNA interference (RNAi)
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Which of the following techniques is NOT used to introduce recombinant DNA into plants? A) Ti plasmids and Agrobacterium B) protoplast fusion C) microinjection D) gene guns E) electroporation
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Microinjection.
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A source of heat-stable DNA polymerase is
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Thermus aquaticus.
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Gene silencing blocks an undesirable product by
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Making double-stranded RNA.
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You want to determine whether a person has a certain mutant gene. The process involves using a primer and a heat-stable DNA polymerase. This process is
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PCR
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Assume you have discovered a cell that produces a lipase that works in cold water for a laundry additive. You can increase the efficiency of this enzyme by changing one amino acid. This is done by
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Site-directed mutagenesis.
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The use of an antibiotic-resistance gene on a plasmid used in genetic engineering makes
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Direct selection possible.
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The use of "suicide" genes in genetically modified organisms is designed to
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Prevent the growth of the modified organisms in the environment.
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A restriction fragment is
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A segment of DNA.
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In the Southern blot technique, which of the following is NOT required? A) transfer of DNA to nitrocellulose B) electrophoresis to separate fragments C) addition of heat-stable DNA polymerase to amplify DNA D) restriction enzyme digestion of DNA E) addition of a labeled probe to identify the gene of interest
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Addition of heat-stable DNA polymerase to amplify DNA
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Which of the following processes is NOT involved in making cDNA? A) RNA processing to remove introns B) translation C) reverse transcription D) transcription
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Translation.
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PCR can be used to identify an unknown bacterium because
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The RNA primer is specific.
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The random shotgun method is used in
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Genome sequencing.
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Restriction enzymes are
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Bacterial enzymes that destroy phage DNA.
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The study of genetic material taken directly from the environment is
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Metagenomics.
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The term biotechnology refers exclusively to the use of genetically engineered organism for the production of desired products.
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False
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In recombinant DNA technology, a vector is a self replicating segment of DNA, such as a plasmid or viral genome.
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True
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The practice of breeding plants and animals for desirable traits, such as high crop yield, is called natural selection.
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False
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A shuttle vector is a plasmid that is used to move pieces of DNA among organisms, such as bacterial, fungal, and plant cells.
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True
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Nearly all cells, including E. coli and yeast, naturally take up DNA from their surroundings without chemical treatment.
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False
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The disadvantage of genomic libraries over cDNA libraries is that genomic libraries contain gene introns.
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True
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One of the first commercial successes of recombinant DNA technology was the production of human insulin using genetically engineered E. coli
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True
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Bioinformatics is the use of computer technology to compare and analyze genome sequence.
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True
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The Ti plasmid isolated from Agrobacterium can be used to insert DNA into any type of plant.
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False
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The Bt toxin derived from Bacillus thuringiensis has been introduced into some crop plants to make them resistant to insect destruction.
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True
