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In the final days of the Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln

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insisted that the Confederacy had no legal right to exist.

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At the end of the Civil War, the number of slaves that emerged from bondage was

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almost 4 million.

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In 1865, Southern blacks defined "freedom" as

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an end to slavery and the acquisition of legal rights and opportunities that would allow them to live as did whites.

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In 1865, Southern whites defined "freedom" as

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controlling their future without Northern interference.

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The Freedmen's Bureau

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distributed food to millions of Southern blacks.

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As Republicans planned for Reconstruction,

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Radicals sought a range of punishments for white Southerners.

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President Abraham Lincoln's "10 percent" plan for the South referred to the

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number of white voters required to take loyalty oaths before setting up a state government.

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The Wade-Davis Bill

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sought to bring about the disenfranchisement of leading Confederates.

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The assassination of President Abraham Lincoln

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involved a larger conspiracy to kill other members of the administration.

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As president, Andrew Johnson

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offered amnesty to Southerners who pledged their loyalty to the United States.

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In the 1860s, Black Codes were

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designed to give whites control over freedmen.

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The Fourteenth Amendment

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gave citizenship rights to all people born in the United States.

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In 1867, congressional plans for Reconstruction

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required new state governments in the South to give voting rights to black males.

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The Fifteenth Amendment dealt with the issue of

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suffrage.

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The Tenure of Office Act

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was designed to limit President Andrew Johnson's authority.

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As a result of the Supreme Court's ruling in Ex parte Milligan, some Radical Republicans

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proposed abolishing the Court.

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In 1868, President Andrew Johnson was impeached because he

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All these answers are correct.

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At the conclusion of President Andrew Johnson's impeachment trial,

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Johnson was acquitted by a margin of one vote.

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During Reconstruction, the term "scalawags" referred to

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Southern white Republicans.

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During Reconstruction, most "carpetbaggers" were

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Northern white veterans who moved to the South.

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During Reconstruction, Southern African American officeholders

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underrepresented the total number of blacks living in the South.

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During Reconstruction, there was a dramatic improvement in Southern

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education.

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During Reconstruction, the Southern school system

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reached 40 percent of all black children by 1876.

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During Reconstruction, regarding land ownership in the South,

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ownership by whites declined, while ownership by blacks increased.

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Black sharecropping

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was a very common occupation of former slaves.

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During Reconstruction, per capita income for Southerners

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rose for blacks and declined for whites.

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During Reconstruction, the black labor force worked

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significantly fewer hours than had been the case during slavery.

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After the Civil War, most poor rural Southerners relied on credit from

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country stores.

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In the South, the crop-lien system along with the burdensome credit system

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encouraged the planting of cash crops.

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By the end of Reconstruction,

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roughly half of all black women were working for wages.

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In 1868, Ulysses S. Grant

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entered the White House with no political experience.

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Schuyler Colfax, Grant's vice president,

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was involved in a stock-fixing scandal.

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The Panic of 1873

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was the nation's worst economic depression to that time.

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During the Johnson administration, the United States acquired

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Alaska.

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The Alabama claims

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involved complaints by the United States against England.

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The "redeemed" governments of the South

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were so named when Democrats took back control of the government.

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Congressional passage of the Enforcement Acts in 1870-1871

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was aimed at reducing white repression of blacks in the South.

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Northern commitment to Reconstruction waned as a result of

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All these answers are correct.

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The elections of 1876 saw

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the candidate with the most popular votes fail to get elected.

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As president, Rutherford B. Hayes

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promised to serve only one term.

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Which of the following statements about the end of Reconstruction is accurate?

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Many white Southern leaders sympathized with Republican economic policies in the South but could not publicly support them.

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After Reconstruction, political power under southern "Redeemers"

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was very often restricted and conservative.

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Advocates of the "New South"

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promoted southern industry and railroad development.

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In the South during the last twenty years of the nineteenth century,

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textile manufacturing increased ninefold.

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During the last quarter of the nineteenth century, southern agriculture

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saw the great majority of farmers live under the tenant system.

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Among other ideas, Booker T. Washington

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favored industrial over classical education.

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In his 1895 "Atlanta Compromise" speech, Booker T. Washington

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called for tacit acceptance of the emerging system of racial segregation.

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The Supreme Court ruled in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) that

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racial segregation was legal if whites and blacks had equal "accommodations."

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Grandfather laws established that

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men who could not meet the literacy and property qualifications could vote if their ancestors had voted before Reconstruction began.

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Jim Crow laws

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imposed a system of state-supported segregation.

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By the 1890s, voting percentages in the South had

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decreased for both whites and blacks.

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In the 1890s, the black journalist Ida B. Wells devoted her writing to attacking

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the crime of lynching.

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General Oliver O. Howard ran the ________, an agency that established schools and helped provide basic services for former slaves following the Civil War.

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Freedmen's Bureau

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Lincoln wanted ex-Confederate states admitted to the Union when ________ percent of a state's white voters took a loyalty oath.

answer

10

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State laws designed to restore slavery in all but name in the post-Civil War South were called the ________.

answer

Black Codes

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The Fourteenth Amendment offered the first constitutional definition of ________.

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citizenship

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The Tenure of Office Act was designed to protect the job of Secretary of War ________.

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Edwin Stanton

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Many of the so-called scalawags were former Southern ________.

answer

Whigs

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The most numerous Republicans in the South were the ________.

answer

black freedmen

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After the Civil War, most black agricultural workers toiled as tenants of white landowners and were known as ________.

answer

sharecroppers

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Enemies of President Grant and "Grantism" were called ________ Republicans.

answer

liberal

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The Panic of 1873 began with the failure of a leading investment banking firm, ________.

answer

Jay Cooke and Company

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The Treaty of Washington provided for ________ with Britain over "Alabama claims."

answer

international arbitration

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"Seward's Folly" refers to the American purchase of ________.

answer

alaska

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An end to Reconstruction was achieved by the ________ of 1877.

answer

compromise

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The last ________ were withdrawn from the South by President Hayes.

answer

federal troops

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Democrats restored to power in the South were known variously as the "________" or the "Bourbons."

answer

redeemers

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Booker T. Washington outlined his basic philosophy in an 1895 speech that has come to be called the ________ Compromise.

answer

atlanta

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In 1896 the Supreme Court declared that "separate but equal" in matters of race relations was constitutional, in the case of ________.

answer

Plessy v. Ferguson

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Ida B. Wells was a black journalist who was most concerned about stopping the practice of ________ in the late nineteenth-century South.

answer

lynching

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