Microbiology Exam 1 Test Questions – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Unlock answers
question
True or False:

Archaea contain peptidoglycan in their cell walls.
answer
False
question
Which microorganism class are extreme halophiles and extreme thermophiles.
answer
Archaea
question
True or False:

Fungi are prokaryotes
answer
False

Eukaryotes
question
True or False:

Yeasts are unicellular fungi
answer
True
question
What type of motility does a sporozoan have?
answer
No motility
question
Amoebae move via what method of motility?
answer
Pseudopods
question
Photosynthetic eukaryotes are also known as _______?
answer
Algae
question
Who proposed the cell theory?
answer
Robert Hooke
question
Who discovered microorganisms?
answer
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
question
Who disproved the theory of spontaneous generation
answer
Pasteur and Tyndall
question
Who developed the vaccine for anthrax? Rabies?
answer
Louis Pasteur
question
Who proposed aseptic technique?
answer
Louis Pasteur
question
True or False:

Louis Pasteur proposed the germ theory
answer
True
question
What scientist(s) was/were credited for discovering fermentation?
answer
Louis Pasteur
question
Who is known as the father of antiseptic surgery?
answer
Lister
question
True or False:

Lister was known for using carbolic acid.
answer
true
question
Who postulated the germ theory?
answer
Koch
question
Who identified the microbes which caused anthrax rabies etc?
answer
Koch
question
What scientist created micro. media and streak plates?
answer
Koch
question
Who discovered penicillin>
answer
Alexander fleming
question
What term means to measure the relative velocity of light passing through an objective?
answer
Refractive index
question
Basic dyes have what charged ion? Acidic ions? Purpose of each.
answer
Basic - positive - stains bacteria
Acidic - negative - stains background
question
What are the functions of granules in a bacterial cell?
answer
To hold nutrients
question
What cell structure in bacteria helps adhesion to various other substances?
answer
Fimbraie
question
Function of pilus/
answer
Transfer DNA to other cells
question
Axial filament function?
answer
locomotion
question
What is the virulence factor and what is it composed of?
answer
prevents phagocytosis but enhancing adhesion

Made up of sugars
question
What composes the cell envelope?
answer
Anything external to the cytoplasm
question
True or False:

Gram + bacteria have a thinner peptidoglycan layer than gram -
answer
False
question
True or False:

Techoic acids are part of the peptidoglycan layer
answer
true
question
What is the function of techoic acids?
answer
to prevent cell wall breakdown
question
True or False:

Only gram positive bacteria contain a periplasmic space
answer
False

Only gram negative does
question
True or False:

Both gram positive and gram negative bacteria contain porins.
answer
False

Only gram negative
question
Why is mycoplasma considered to be an atypical cell wall
answer
No cell wall (Only sterol membrane)
question
Why is mycobacterium considered atypical?
answer
It contains mycolic acids in the cell wall
question
Where does ATP production occur at in a bacterial cell?
answer
Plasma membrane
question
What is group translocation and describe its locomotion?
answer
Group translocation describes a mode of active transport that requires PEP. It chemically alters the transported material during transport
question
What % of the cytoplasm is water/
answer
80 percent
question
True or False:

If a bacterial cell does not contain a plasmid, it cannot survive.
answer
false

plasmids are typically not required to survive
question
Describe the morphology of a bacterial cell dna?
answer
Small, circular, dsDNA
question
What is the size of the ribosomal subunits for prokaryotes and what is the total size?
answer
70s with 50s and 30s subunits
question
What is a vibros cell shaped like?
answer
Half circle, bacilli
question
What is the ribosome size and subunit size of a eukaryotic cell?
answer
80s with 60s and 40s subunits
question
Via the Embden Meyerhoff pathway, what does glucose produce?
answer
2 pyruvate, 2 atp, 2 nadh
question
Via fermentation, how many atp molecules can be produced by one glucose molecule
answer
2
question
What is the main source of carbon for photoautotrophs?
answer
CO2
question
What is the main source of carbon for photoheterotrophs?
answer
Organic compounds
question
Chemoautotrophs use ___________ as the chief source for energy? Use ___________ as principle carbon source.
answer
electrons from reduced inorganic compounds

CO2
question
Chemoherterotrophs use _____________ as the main source of energy? Use _________ as principle carbon source.
answer
hydrogen ions from organic compounds

carbon comes from same source as energy
question
True or false:

Bacteria, fungi, and animals are considered chemoautotrophs.
answer
False:

They are chemoheterotrophs
question
What is an amphibolic pathwya?
answer
One that does anabolic and catabolic functions
question
Optimal environment for a psychrophile?
answer
Below 15 deg. C
question
Optimal environment for a mesophile?
answer
20 - 40 deg. C
question
Optimal environment for a thermophile?
answer
Above 45 deg. C
question
Optimal environment for a halophile?
answer
Salt concentration above 2%
question
What 4 elements are needed for bacterial cell growth? What other 2 factors are needed?
answer
Carbon, nitrogen, sulfer, phosphorus

Trace elements (cofactors)
Organic growth factors (vitamins)
question
What is another name for a capnophile
optimal environment?
answer
Microaerophile

Lower O2 [ ] and higher CO2 [ ] than present in atmosphere
question
Function of superoxide dismuatse?
answer
Get rid of O2 radical
question
Function of catalase?
answer
Break down H2O2 into H20 and O2
question
True or False:

An oxidizing medium is required for an anaerobe culture.
answer
False

A reducing medium
question
Function of pallidium in anaerobic chamber?
answer
Gets rid of O2
question
Function of a selective medium?
answer
Suppress unwanted bacterial growth
question
Blood agar is what type of medium? MacConkey agar? Mannitol Salt agar?
answer
Blood agar - differential

MacConkey - differential and selective

Mannitol salt - selective
question
Disinfectant vs antiseptic
answer
disinfected - used on inert substances
antiseptic - used on living tissue
question
Time in min. required to know thermal death point?
answer
10 min
question
What is the decimal reduction time?
answer
time in min. that it takes to kill 90 percent of bacteria
question
How does moist heat kill?
answer
Breaking H-bonds and coagulating proteins
question
How long does it take an autoclave to kill pathogens?
answer
15 mins
question
describe HTST?
answer
72 deg C for 15 sec
question
How does ionizing radiation work? (h20)
answer
By forming highly reactive hydroyl radicals
question
Chemically defined synthetic medium?
answer
Exact chemical structure is known for every substance
question
Complex medium?
answer
Atleast 1 exact structure is unknown
question
How do UV rays kill and cause mutations?
answer
Formation of thymine dimers
question
How do phenol and its derivatives kill?
answer
Injures plasma membrane, inhibits enzymes and protein function
question
What is the number one disinfectant here at ruby? How does it work?
answer
Hibiclens

Works by damaging plasma membrane (not sporicidal)
question
What is the second rated surgical scrub? How does it work?
answer
Betadine

Works by oxidizing SH groups of pathgens by combining with tyrosine
question
Hypochlorous acid aka _______?
answer
Bleach
question
How do heavy metals disinfect?
answer
By combining with SH groups
question
Surfactants disinfect by ____________?
answer
Mechanical methods (scrubbing)
question
True or False:

Quaternary Ammonia Compounds are anionic.
answer
False

Cationic
question
True or False:

Quaternary Ammonia Compounds work better on gram - positive rather than gram - negative.
answer
true
question
Cepacol and Zephiran are what type of disinfectants?
answer
Quaternary Ammonia Compounds
question
How does formaldehyde work as a disinfectant?
answer
Forms covalent cross-links with organic compounds
question
What type of disinfectant is ethylene oxide and how does it work?
answer
Gaseous Chemosterilizer

Works by denaturing proteins
question
True or False:

H2O2 is a good disinfectant for open wounds.
answer
True

By NOT a good antiseptic
question
True or False:

Constituitive enzymes are produced only when needed
answer
false

they are constantly produced
question
How does a repressor work?
answer
Represses the ability of RNA pol. to initiate transcription
question
What are inducible enzymes?
answer
enzymes synthesized in the presence of an enzyme
question
What region of a lac operon codes for the repressor?
answer
I region
question
What molecule binds to the lac operon to initiate transcription?
answer
RNA pol.
question
A lac operon repressor will bind to which region?
answer
O region
question
What lactose and glucose are present, the lac operon is _____________.
answer
Repressed
question
How are genes transferred between bacteria? (form, not method)
answer
As naked DNA
question
What form must the genetic material be in for bacterial conjugation to occur?
answer
Plasmid form
question
True or False:

Conjugating cells must be opposite type?
answer
true
question
True or False:

Bacterial conjugation occurs by direct cell-to-cell contact
answer
true
question
An F+ cell is described as? F- Cell?
answer
F + donor cell with plasmid

F - donor cell without plasmid
question
How does an HFr cell occur?
answer
If the F factor of one cell moves into the chromosome of a cell without an F factor
question
Lysogenic is described as...
answer
incorporating dna into bacterial chromosome
question
True or False:

Bacterial transduction involves a bacteriophage (bacterial virus)
answer
true
question
What is another name for transposable genes?
answer
jumping sequences
question
during recombinant gene formation, what role does reverse transcriptase play with mRNA?
answer
it digests mRNA
question
What produces DNA from an mRNA template?
answer
reverse transcriptase
Get an explanation on any task
Get unstuck with the help of our AI assistant in seconds
New