Maxin’s Enzyme Exam 2 – Flashcards
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Unlock answersBreaks down starch (amylose) |
Amylase |
Breaks down cysteine |
Cysteine Desulfhydrase |
Breaks down Urea |
Urease |
Breaks down Nitrate |
Nitrate reductase ; |
Breaks down nitrite |
Nitrite reductase |
Breaks down Gelatin |
Gelatin Hydrolysis ; or ; Gelatin hydrolase ; or; ; Gelatinase |
Breaks down lactose |
Lactase |
Breaks down sucrose |
Sucrase |
Breaks down Dextrose |
Dextrase |
The product of breakdown of starch (amylose) by amylase yields what? ; |
Glucose C6H12O6 |
Iodine is added to an innoculated starch agar plate and a dark blue/black zone appears. ;The organism is _____. |
Starch negative ; (The organism did not break down the starch into glucose) |
Iodine is added to an innoculated starch agar plate and a clear zone appears. ;The organism is _____. |
Starch positive ; (The organism has the amylase enzyme which broke down the starch into glucose) |
An innoculated triple sugar iron (TSI) agar slant turned black in the bottom of the tube. ;This organism is ______ and a(n)________.; |
Cysteine positive + ; An anaerobe ; (The organism contains the enzyme cysteine desulfhydrase which breaks down cysteine to yield Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) which reacts with the iron in the agar to form a black precipitate.) |
; An innoculated triple sugar iron (TSI) agar slant turned black in the top of the tube. ;This organism is ______ and eats via ________.; ; |
; Cysteine positive + ; aerobic respiration ; (The organism contains the enzyme cysteine desulfhydrase which breaks down cysteine to yield Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) which reacts with the iron in the agar to form a black precipitate.) ; |
An innoculated triple sugar iron (TSI) agar slant turned the entire tube black. ;This organism is ______ and gets its energy ________.; |
; Cysteine positive + ; Aerobically AND Anaerobically ; (The organism contains the enzyme cysteine desulfhydrase which breaks down cysteine to yield Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) which reacts with the iron in the agar to form a black precipitate.) ; |
Cysteine is what type of molecule? |
Cysteine is an amino acid that contains sulfur. ; (Think CySteine) S = Sulfur |
An innoculated triple sugar iron (TSI) agar slant is yellow. ;This organism is ______;? |
Cysteine negative - |
Innoculated Urea broth turned hot pink. ;The organism is urea ____. |
Urea positive ; (The organism contains urease which breaks down the Urea into ammonia (NH3OH). ;Since ammonia is alkaline/basic, it turns the phenol red within the broth hot pink.) |
Innoculated Urea broth is Urea +, what product formed to turn the broth hot pink? |
Ammonia NH3OH |
Innoculated Urea broth turned yellow. ;The organism is urea ____. |
Urea negative - ; (Phenol red in the broth turns yellow in acidic conditions, meaning the organism lacks the ability (enzyme: urease) into ammonia.) |
Innoculated nitrate broth is treated with reagents sulfanilic acid and dimethylalphanaphthylamine. ;Which test is being performed? |
Nitrate reductase |
; Innoculated nitrate broth is treated with Nesslers' reagent. ;Which test is being performed? ; |
Nitrite reductase |
1. Innoculated nitrate broth turns red with the addition of reagents;sulfanilic acid and dimethylalphanaphthylamine. ;The organism is _______? ; 2. What product caused the red color? |
1. Nitrate positive ; 2. Nitrite (NO2) |
Innoculated nitrate broth is yellow with the addition of reagents;sulfanilic acid and dimethylalphanaphthylamine. ;The organism is _______? |
Nitrate negative |
1. Innoculated nitrate broth is treated with Nesslers' reagent (aka HCl) and a yellow/brown precipitate forms. ;The organism is ______? ; 2. What is the product that forms the precipitate? |
1. Nitrite (NO2) positive ; 2. Ammonia (NH3 or N2) ; (Nitrite reductase within the organism broke down Nitrite to Ammonia which combined with Nesslers to form Ammonium, the brown precipitate) |
Innoculated nitrate broth is treated with Nesslers' reagent (aka HCl) and is yellow. ;The organism is ______? |
Nitrite negative -; |
The same organism is innoculated into two tubes, A and B, containing Nitrate Broth. ;Sulfanilic acid and Dimethylalphanaphthylamine reagents are added to Tube A which yields a red color. ;Nesslers' reagent is added to Tube B and yields a yellow color. This organism is nitrate ___ and nitrite ____? |
Nitrate positive ; Nitrite negative |
; The same organism is innoculated into two tubes, A and B, containing Nitrate Broth. ;Sulfanilic acid and Dimethylalphanaphthylamine reagents are added to Tube A which yields a red color. ;Nesslers' reagent is added to Tube B and yields a brown precipitate. What enzyme(s) does this organism possess? ; |
Nitrate reductase ; and; ; Nitrite reductase |
An innoculated Tryptic Soy Gelatin tube is liquid after refrigeration. ;The organism is gelatin ______. |
Gelatin positive |
; An innoculated Tryptic Soy Gelatin tube turns to gel after refrigeration. ;The organism is gelatin ______. ; |
Gelatin negative |
; An innoculated Tryptic Soy Gelatin tube is liquid after refrigeration. ;The organism contains what enzyme? ; |
Gelatin hydrolase ; (Gelatin hydrolase breaks down the gelatin so the conents of the tube can no longer solidify and so they remain liquid) |
This test uses and inverted Durham tube in order to collect gas. |
Carbohydrate Fermentation (Carbohydrase) Test |
This test can be used with any complex sugar (-ose) |
; Carbohydrate Fermentation (Carbohydrase) Test ; (Carbohydrase breaks down complex sugars into glucose, to pyruvic acid, to carbon molecules, to acids and/or gases.) ; |
Innoculated Phenol Red Lactose Broth turned yellow and has a bubble inside the Durham tube. ;The organism used _____ to produce _______. |
Lactase ; Acid and Gas ; (The organism is lactose positive + for acid and gas) |
; ; Innoculated Phenol Red Lactose Broth turned yellow and did not have bubble inside the Durham tube. ;The organism used _____ to produce _______. ; ; |
Lactase ; Acid only ; (Organism is Lactose positive for acid) |
; ; Innoculated Phenol Red Dextrose Broth turned yellow and had a bubble inside the Durham tube. ;The organism used _____ to produce _______. ; ; |
Dextrase ; Acid and Gas ; (Organism is dextrose positive +) |
Innoculated Phenol Red Sucrose Broth turned red and had no bubble inside the Durham tube. ;The organism used _____ to produce _______. |
Trick question: ; The organism is Sucrose negative - it does not contain sucrase and thefore could not break down the sucrose into acids nor gas. |
Phenol red turns what color in acids |
Yellow |
Phenol red turns what color in base? |
Hot pink |
What four tests make up the IMViC tests? |
;
; |
The Indole (Tryptophanase) test uses this reagent. |
What is Kovacs' reagent |
Innoculated 1% tryptone broth is treated with Kovacs' reagent. ;A red layer forms.; 1) What is this red layer? 2) What enzyme formed this product? |
1. Indole 2. Tryptophanase |
Innoculated 1% tryptone broth is treated with Kovacs' reagent. ;A red layer forms. The organism is Indole ____ |
Indole positive + |
; Innoculated 1% tryptone broth is treated with Kovacs' reagent. ;No color appears after 15 minutes. The organism is ____? ; |
Indole Negative -; |
Kovacs' reagent turns red in the prescence of ______? |
Indole |
These tests are used to identify intestinal bacteria in the colon. |
IMViC
|
These tests use MR-VP medium (containing dextrose/glucose) |
Methyl Red (MR) ; and; ; Voges-Proskauer (VP) |
Methyl red indicator added to innoculated MR-VP turned the tube red. ;The organism is _____ and the product is ______. |
Dextrose positive + ; Acid |
Methyl red indicator turns red in _____. |
Acid |
; Methyl red indicator turns yellow/orange in _____. ; |
Non-acid |
; Innoculated MR-VP turns yellow/orange after 15 minutes. ;The organism is _____. ; |
Dextrose negative - |
Barritt's solutions include what? ; In what test is it used? |
1. alphanaphthol 2. potassium hydroxide (KOH) ; Voges-Proskauer (VP) |
Barritt's solutions are added to innoculated MR-VP medium. ;It turns pink/orange/red. ;The organism is ______ and the product is _______. |
Butanediol positive + ; Acetyl methyl carbionl (Acetoin) |
; Barritt's solutions are added to innoculated MR-VP medium. ;After 30 minutes, it does not turn pink/orange/red. ;The organism is ______. ; |
Butanediol negative - |
What is the difference between the MR and VP test? |
MR test identifies organisims that make strong acids VP test identifies organisims that make weak acids ; (The weak acids are more neutral, but still acidic) ; "MR. Strong, meet VP weak" |
With Bromthymol pH indicator, the color green means what? |
pH ; 7.6 "pH is less than 7.6" ; Products range from neutral to acidic |
With Bromthymol pH indicator, the color blue means what? |
pH ; 7.6 "pH is greater than 7.6" ; The products range from neutral to basic/alkaline |
Innoculated Simmons Citrate Agar slant turned blue. ; 1) The organisim is citrate _____. 2) The organism contains what enzyme? |
1) Citrate positive 2) Citrase ; (Lots of coliforms (bacteria that grow in the colon) produce a lot of alkaline products. ;Bromthymol indicator turns blue in presence of alkaline products.) |
; Innoculated Simmons Citrate Agar slant turned green. ; 1) The organisim is citrate _____. 2) The organism contains what enzyme? ; |
1) Citrate negative 2) Trick question: it does NOT contain Citrase ; (Citrate negative organisms will not grow in the medium) |
What would be a more correct word for catalase and why? |
"Dehydrogenperoxidease" ; It breaks down hydrogen peroxide (de-) and is an enzyme (-ase) |
Hydrogen peroxide is poured over an innoculated agar plate. ;Bubbles form. ;The organism is _______. ;The bubbles are made of what? |
Hydrogen peroxide or Catalase positive + ; Bubbles are Oxygen (O2) |
Hydrogen peroxide is poured over an innoculated agar plate. ;No bubbles form. ;The organism is _______. ; |
Hydrogen peroxide or catalase negative - ; |
Catalase breaks down hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into O2 and what other product? |
Water H2O |
After a gram stain, the bacteria are blue. ;Is the organisim gram + or gram -? |
Gram + |
After a gram stain, the bacteria are red. ;Is the organisim gram + or gram -? |
Gram - |
List the four stains used in the Gram Stain procedure |
|
A gram + bacteria will ______ the primary stain and ______ the counter (secondary) stain. |
Retain the primary Lose the secondary ; (Gram + bacteria are blue/violet due to Gram's crystal violet |
A gram - bacteria will ______ the primary stain and ______ the counter (secondary) stain. |
Lose the primary stain Retain the counter/secondary stain ; (Gram - bacteria are red because they retain the Safranin counter stain) |
Two tubes containing MR-VP medium are red. ;What traits does the organism possess? ; |
The organism is positive for dextrose + and positive for butanediol +. ;It makes both strong and weak acids. |
Litmus is red in _____ Litmus is blue in ____ |
Litmus is red in acids Litmus is blue in bases |
Innoculated litmus milk turned pink. ;Interpret this result. |
The organism contains lactase which broke down (fermented) the lactose and made acids. The organism is lactose positive + |
; Innoculated litmus milk turned blue. ;Interpret this result. ; |
The organism does not contain lactase so the lactose was not fermented The organism is lactose negative - |
; Innoculated litmus milk turned clear/yellow. ;Interpret this result. ; |
The organism contains casein hydrolase which broke down the casein protein in the milk. The organism is casein + |
; Innoculated litmus milk turned white. ;Interpret this result. ; |
The organism has reduced the litmus. ;The white is the milk. Organism is Casein negative - |
; Innoculated litmus milk turned pink with a solid precipitate (curd) in the tube. ;Interpret the result. ; |
The organism is lactose + and fermented the lactose into acids. ;The acids reacted with the casein to form a precipitate--the hard curd. |
Innoculated litmus milk turned pink with a solid precipitate (curd) in the tube. Since the organism is lactose +, the acids reacted with what to form the precipitate?
|
Casein (protein) |
Innoculated litmus milk turned blue with a solid precipitate (curd) in the tube. Since the organism is lactose -, what reacted with casein to form the precipitate?
|
Rennin (a protein) reacted with Casein (another protein) to form the soft curd. |
Mr. Maxin's agar supplier sent Mr. Maxin contaminated blood agar dishes. ;The (presumed) bacteria formed a clear area in the blood. ;This clear area was formed by _______, and in this case is an ____-enzyme. |
Hemolysin ; exo-enzyme |
A supplier sent Mr. Maxin contaminated blood agar dishes. ;The (presumed) bacteria formed a clear area in the blood. ;The organism is hemolytic (hemoglobin) positive or negative? ;Is the organism alpha or beta? |
Hemolytic + Beta Hemolytic |
; A supplier sent Mr. Maxin contaminated blood agar dishes. ;The (presumed) bacteria formed a green area in the blood. ;The organism is hemolytic positive or negative? ;Is the organism alpha or beta? ; |
Alpha hemolytic positive + |
A clear area forms around penicillin;filter paper on a lawn streak agar plate. ;The area is called ______ and the organism is ________ to penicillin. |
;the Zone of inhibition ; Sensitive |
No zone of inhibition forms around bacitracin filter paper on a lawn streaked blood agar plate. ;The organism is sensitive or resistant to bacitracin? |
Resistant |
In this test, one looks for a zone of inhibition. |
Beyer Kirby Filter Paper Test |
Iodine reagent is used in what test? |
Starch |
Nessler's reagent is used in what test?
What is Nessler's reagen? |
Nitrite Reductase ; HCl |
Kovacs' reagent is used in what test? |
Indole |
Barritt's reagent is used in what test? |
Voges Proskauer |
Alphanaphthol and Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) are chemicals of what solution? ; |
Barritt's Solutions |
What are the reagents for the Nitrate reductase test? |
Sulfanilic acid and Dimethylalphanaphthylamine |
Which pH indicator is used in the Urease test? |
Phenol red |
Which pH indicator is used in the Carbohydrate fermentation tests? |
Phenol red |
Which pH indicator is used in the MR test? |
Methyl Red indicator |
Which pH indicator is used in the Citrase test? |
Bromthymol blue |
Which pH indicator is used in the Litmus Milk Reactions? |
Litmus |
What is the substrate in the MR test? |
Dextrose |
What is the product in the MR test? |
Acid |
What is the substrate in the VP test? |
Butanediol |
What is the product in the VP test? |
Acetyl methyl carbinol |