Final Practical Test Questions – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
| What is the purpose of viral transport media? |
answer
| The purpose of viral transport media is to keep the human cell culture alive in order to support the virus and keep it alive for identification |
question
| What is contained in the viral transport media? |
answer
| The transport media contains proteins, sugars and salts to keep the cells alive. |
question
| How does a shell vial differ from a cell culture used in diagnostic virology? |
answer
| The shell vial differs from the cell culture in that the shell vial is a mixture of the cell culture and immunofluorescence. The shell vial contains a layer of cell line at the bottom, and it allows for rapid ID via immunofluorescence by utilizing a high speed centrifuge to increase the rate of viral attachment. |
question
| In latex agglutination testing, what coats the latex particles? |
answer
| In latex agglutination an antibody or an antigen can coat the latex particle, it depends whether you are searching for an antibody or an antigen |
question
| detection molecule in ELVIA |
answer
| Beta galactosidase |
question
| detection molecule in EIA/ELISA |
answer
| chromogen |
question
| detection molecule in IFA/DFA |
answer
| monoclonal antibody with fluorescent molecule attached |
question
| detection molecule in Chemilluminescence |
answer
| luminol |
question
| detection molecule in Amplification techniques |
answer
| fluorescence, luminal, radioactive material, or chromagens |
question
| 5. A patient has a positive HIV screen. The western blot confirmatory test was negative. What may have caused this discrepancy |
answer
| The western blot could have been negative because the patient hasn’t seroconverted yet, or the western blot was searching for HIV 2 and you were testing with an HIV 1 sample |
question
| An HIV RNA PCR test is ordered for the patient. What additional information will the molecular test give the physician? |
answer
| The PCR will give the physician information about viral load or the amount of virus present. |
question
| What is Latex Agglutination |
answer
| Qualitative and semiquantitative w/end point titres on Serum |
question
| ASO – anti-streptolysin O latex agglutination for? |
answer
| Group A strep detection |
question
| Cryptococcal Antigen Latex Agglutination on which type of specimen? |
answer
| CSF or serum |
question
| Monospot (EBV) Latex Agglutination for? |
answer
| Heterophile Ab |
question
| What is Flocculation? |
answer
| Clumping of visual charcoal particles |
question
| RPR – Rapid Plasma Reagin Ab test on and for? |
answer
| Plasma or serum Screening test for syphilis |
question
| VDRL – Venereal Disease Research Laboratory on? |
answer
| CSF |
question
| EIA is a.. |
answer
| Ag-Ab chromogen reaction on nitrocellulose strip |
question
| EIA with what sample? |
answer
| NP Wash or Swab |
question
| Pneumococcal Ag test on which sample? |
answer
| Serum or CSF |
question
| Legionella Ag on which sample? |
answer
| Urine |
question
| Mycoplasma pneumoniae testing for what antibody in which specimen? |
answer
| IgM in Serum |
question
| Rapid Influenza A&B on which specimen? |
answer
| NP wash or swab |
question
| Rapid HIV (EIA) on which specimen? |
answer
| Serum or whole blood |
question
| ELISA can be |
answer
| automated or manual with spec used for C. diff toxin |
question
| DSX can test for? |
answer
| Mumps, Measles, Rubella, VZV, EBV, CMV, Herpes, Toxoplasma (serum) |
question
| chemilluminescence |
answer
| Luminol when mixed with oxidizing agent |
question
| As electrons return to their ground state... |
answer
| excess energy is liberated as a photon of visible blue light |
question
| chemilluminescence measured on |
answer
| photometer |
question
| Hepatitis chronic panel |
answer
| 1. Hep BSAg 2. Hep C Ab |
question
| Hepatitis acute panel |
answer
| 1. Hep BSAg 2. Hep C Ab 3. Hep A IgM 4. Hep BC IgM |
question
| HBsAG -, anti-HBc -, anti-HBs - = |
answer
| susceptible to hep B infection |
question
| HBsAG -, anti-HBc +, anti-HBs + = |
answer
| immune from past infection |
question
| HBsAG -, anti-HBc -, anti-HBs + = |
answer
| immune from hep B vaccination |
question
| HBsAG +, anti-HBc +, IgM anti-HBc +, anti-HBs - = |
answer
| acute infection |
question
| HBsAG +, anti-HBc +, IgM anti-HBc -, anti-HBs - = |
answer
| chronic infection |
question
| HBsAG -, anti-HBc +, anti-HBs + = |
answer
| (1) recovering from acute (2) immune and anti-HBs not detectable (3) susceptible to false-positive anti-HBc or (4) chronically infected and HBsAG not detectable |
question
| HIV Ab screen can be done via |
answer
| ELISA, rapid EIA or Chemilluminescence |
question
| HIV & West Nile Confirmatory Test |
answer
| western blot |
question
| Immunofluorescence can be |
answer
| direct or indirect |
question
| FTA – Fluorescent Treponema Antibody confirms |
answer
| RPR |
question
| Respiratory Panel contains |
answer
| Adenovirus, Influenza A&B, Para influenza 1,2 & 3, RSV |
question
| Phenotypic |
answer
| unique physical characteristics that can be observed |
question
| Immunologic |
answer
| unique antigens |
question
| Serologic |
answer
| indirect identification targeting unique antibodies |
question
| Molecular |
answer
| unique nitrogenous base sequences |
question
| Watson & Crick - 1953 |
answer
| Molecular Structure of Nucleic acids |
question
| Kary Mullis - 1983 |
answer
| PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) |
question
| Steps in PCR (5) |
answer
| Extraction Denaturation Primer anneal Extension Detection of products |
question
| PCR amplification in a |
answer
| thermal cycler |
question
| Real-time polymerase chain reaction |
answer
| amplify and simultaneously quantify a targeted RNA or DNA sequence. The amplified DNA is detected as the reaction progresses in real time, a new approach compared to standard PCR, where the product of the reaction is detected at the end. |
question
| Method for detection in Real Time-PCR |
answer
| sequence-specific probes consisting of oligonucleotides labeled with a fluorescent reporter |
question
| Abbreviations used for real-time PCR |
answer
| RTQ-PCR, Q-PCR or qPCR |
question
| Real-time reverse-transcription PCR is denoted as |
answer
| qRT-PCR, RRT-PCR,or RT-rt PCR |
question
| acronym RT-PCR commonly denotes |
answer
| reverse-transcription PCR and not real-time PCR |
question
| SDA |
answer
| Strand displacement amplification |
question
| NASBA |
answer
| Nucleic acid sequence based amplification |
question
| TMA |
answer
| transcription mediated amplification |
question
| LCR |
answer
| Ligase chain reaction |
question
| Cepheid Gene Xpert |
answer
| PCR detection of MRSA from nasal swabs |
question
| Hybridization Used for speciation of AFB |
answer
| genprobe or labeled probe |
question
| Frederick Sanger – The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980 |
answer
| DNA sequencing |
question
| Human Genome Project |
answer
| 3 billion base pairs in 23 chromosomes Only 1.5% of the human genome codes for proteins 2003 |
question
| Gene sequencing of Actinomycetes |
answer
| Micro seq 500™ |
question
| HCV genotype testing is used to determine |
answer
| required length and potential response to interferon-based therapy |
question
| Microarray Technology |
answer
| Chip w/oligonucleotide DNA probes Intensity of hybridization is determine using imaging processing software |
question
| Virion |
answer
| complete viral particle comprised of genetic material & the capsid |
question
| virus innfects cells by |
answer
| lytic or latent |
question
| structures of virus |
answer
| enveloped, helical, icosohedral |
question
| genome can be |
answer
| ssRNA, dsRNA, dsDNA or ssDNA |
question
| Positive sense 5’ – 3’ |
answer
| Viral RNA serves as mRNA for translation |
question
| Negative sense 3’ – 5’ |
answer
| Virus provides RNA polymerase to convert to positive sense RNA |
question
| Rotavirus found in |
answer
| stool |
question
| enterovirus found in |
answer
| stool CSF, NP or throat swab |
question
| Respiratory panel done on |
answer
| patient specimen or patient infected mixed cell line (r-mix) |
question
| H glycoproteins |
answer
| help attach |
question
| N glycoproteins |
answer
| help leave |
question
| Syncytia |
answer
| fusion of cells |
question
| RSV |
answer
| Respiratory Syncytial Virus |
question
| RSV test |
answer
| EIA |
question
| oncovirus |
answer
| triggers a cell to become cancerous, HIV |
question
| seroconversion |
answer
| indeterminate results |
question
| JCV & BKV |
answer
| Transplant patients |
question
| JCV & BKV testing on |
answer
| Urine, Plasma, CSF or Tissue |
question
| BSL 4 organisms |
answer
| Marburg Virus and Ebola Virus |
question
| Prions |
answer
| protein particles that can destroy nerve tissue |
question
| Creutzfeldt-Jacobs Disease |
answer
| mad-cow, caused by prion |
question
| It is best to collect specimens for viral isolation during |
answer
| first few days of illness, during the febrile, acute (IgM) period |
question
| Blood for virus collection to |
answer
| rule out viremia |
question
| Indirect viral detection |
answer
| 2 antibodies |
question
| SEM |
answer
| scanning electron microscope |
question
| TEM |
answer
| transmission electron microscopy |
question
| direct detection |
answer
| EM |
question
| examples of CPE |
answer
| synica, inclusions, lysis, enlargement |
question
| Direct - DFA |
answer
| Tagged MCAb + Virus infected cell Respiratory panel, CMV, HSV, VZV |
question
| Indirect IF |
answer
| Tagged Ab + MCAb + Virus infected cell |
question
| Rapid cell culture w/fluorescent staining used on which vial with what virus |
answer
| shell vial with CMV |
question
| ELVIS |
answer
| enzyme linked virus inducible system |
question
| Whats in an ELVIS |
answer
| Hamster Kidney Cells w/Beta galactosidease gene |
