Exam 2 – Microbiology Flashcard
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| Platyhelminthes characteristics |
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| flatworms, require at least 1 intermediate host, 2 classes (cestoidea and trematoda) |
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| Cestoda (Tapeworms) characteristics |
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| absent alimentary canal, hermaphroditic |
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| segmented body |
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| proglottid |
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| scolex |
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| anterior end by which attachment occurs |
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| adults |
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| intestine of definitive host |
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| larvae |
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| tissues of intermediate hosts |
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| Cestoda (Tapeworms)species |
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| Taenia saginata (beef), Taenia solium (pork), Diphyllobothrium lataum (broad fish), Hymenolepis nana (dwarf), Hymenolepis diminuta (rat) Echinococcus granulosus (dog;hydatid) Dipylidium caninum (dog or cat) |
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| Taenia saginata distribution |
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| cosmopolitan; southwest US |
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| Taenia solium distribution |
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| cosmopolitan |
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| Taenia spp. disease |
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| Most asymptomatic, and Abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss |
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| T. solium characteristics |
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| man as intermediate host, cysticercus cyst |
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| Taenia spp. diagnosis |
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| egg in feces and proglottids |
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| T. saginata proglottids |
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| 15-30 lateral branches; scolex 4 suckers |
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| T. solium proglottids |
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| 7-12 lateral branches; scolex 4 suckers & crown of hooks |
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| Taenia spp. egg characteristics |
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| hexacanth embryo, radial striations on yellow-brown embryophore, three pairs of hooklets, 35-45 uM |
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| Diphyllobothrium latum distribution |
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| Europe, Asia, parts of Africa & S. America; Great Lakes region of US |
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| Diphyllobothrium latum disease |
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| Obstruction; anemia; nervous system disturbances; weight loss & weakness |
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| Diphyllobothrium latum diagnosis |
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| egg in feces, proglottids and scolices in feces (rare) |
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| Diphyllobothrium latum egg diagnosis |
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| terminal knob, operculum, undeveloped coracidium, 75- 45 uM |
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| Hymenolepis nana distribution |
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| Worldwide; southeastern US |
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| Hymenolepis nana disease |
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| autoreinfection |
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| Hymenolepis nana light infection |
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| asymptomatic |
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| Hymenolepis nana heavy infection |
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| abdominal pain; diarrhea; headaches; dizziness |
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| Hymenolepis nana diagnosis |
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| eggs in feces |
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| Hymenolepis nana egg characteristics |
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| colorless shell, filaments emerge from polar thickenings, hooklets, hexacanth embryo, 50-30 uM |
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| Hymenolepis diminuta distribution |
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| worldwide |
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| Hymenolepis diminuta zoonosis |
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| adults in rat intestine |
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| Hymenolepis diminuta disease |
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| mild |
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| Hymenolepis diminuta diagnosis |
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| egg in feces |
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| Hymenolepis diminuta egg characteristics |
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| 50-70 ?m, round – slightly oval; 2 membranes; slight polar knobs; no polar filaments; embryonated with 6 hooked oncosphere |
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| Echinococcus granulosus distribution |
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| worldwide |
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| Echinococcus granulosus zoonosis |
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| intestine of cats, dogs, wild canines |
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| Echinococcus granulosus disease |
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| hydatid cysts in liver, lung |
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| Echinococcus granulosus diagnosis |
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| Serology and X-ray, ultrasound |
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| Dipylidium caninum distribution |
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| worldwide |
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| Dipylidium caninum zoonosis |
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| intestines of cats & dogs |
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| Dipylidium caninum disease |
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| mild |
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| Dipylidium caninum diagnosis |
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| egg in feces |
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| Dipylidium caninum egg characteristics |
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| 20-40 um, round; passed in packets of 15-25; resemble Taenia eggs |
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| Trematode lifecycle |
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| Adults lay eggs that leave definitive host via feces, urine or sputum and Freshwater snails serve as intermediate hosts, several cycles of asexual reproduction, after ingestion excysted metacercaria migrate to appropriate site & mature |
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| Trematode infective species |
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| Metacercaria |
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| Miracidium (trematode) |
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| ciliated 1st stage, free-swimming larva which emerge from egg & penetrate specific snail species |
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| Cercaria (trematode) |
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| 2nd stage larvae develop in snail & are released in water |
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| Metacercaria (trematode) |
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| resting stage that develops when cercaria shed tails, secrete a protective wall & encyst, seen on water plants or 2nd intermediate host |
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| Trematode organ flukes |
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| Fasciolopsis buski (large intestinal fluke) Fasciola hepatica (sheep liver fluke) Clonorchis sinensis (Chinese liver fluke) Paragonimus westermani (Oriental lung fluke) |
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| Trematode blood flukes |
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| Schistosoma mansoni (blood) Schistosoma japonicum (blood) Schistosoma haematobium (bladder) |
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| Fasciolopsis buski distribution |
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| far east |
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| Fasciolopsis buski adults |
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| 7 cm, live in small intestine |
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| Fasciolopsis buski acquired |
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| ingesting encysted metacercariae on raw vegatation |
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| Fasciolopsis buski disease |
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| mucosal ulcers; pain, diarrhea, intestinal obstruction; +/- fatal |
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| Fasciolopsis buski diagnosis |
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| eggs in feces |
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| Fasciola hepatica distribution |
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| worldwide |
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| Fasciola hepatica hosts |
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| Sheep natural host; man accidental host |
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| Fasciola hepatica adults |
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| 3 cm, live in bile ducts |
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| Fasciola hepatica acquired |
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| ingesting encysted metacercariae on raw vegetation |
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| Fasciola hepatica disease |
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| jaundice, diarrhea, anemia, eosinophilia |
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| Fasciola hepatica diagnosis |
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| eggs in feces |
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| F. buski & F. hepatica egg characteristics |
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| similar for both parasites, operculum, undeveloped miracidium, 150- 90 uM |
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| Clonorchis sinensis distribution |
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| far east |
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| Clonorchis sinensis adults |
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| 1-2.5 cm, live in bile duct |
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| Clonorchis sinensis acquired |
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| ingesting encysted metacercariae in uncooked fish |
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| Clonorchis sinensis disease |
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| jaundice; eosinophilia; heavy infections – liver impairment |
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| Clonorchis sinensis diagnosis |
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| eggs in feces |
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| Clonorchis sinensis egg characteristics |
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| operculum, thickened rim around operculum (shoulders), developed miracidium, small knob, 30- 16 uM |
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| Paragonimus westermani distribution |
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| Far East, India, parts of Africa |
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| Paragonimus westermani adults |
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| 1 cm, live encysted in lungs |
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| Paragonimus westermani acquired |
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| ingesting encysted metacercariae in uncooked crab or crayfish |
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| Paragonimus westermani disease |
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| chronic fibrotic d.; bloody sputum |
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| Paragonimus westermani diagnosis |
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| eggs in feces or sputum |
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| Paragonimus westermani egg characteristics |
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| opercular rim (shoulders), smooth, thin , shell, terminal shell thickening, undeveloped miracidium, operculum, 85-55 uM |
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| S. mansoni distribution |
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| Africa, South & Central America, West Indies |
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| S. haematobium distribution |
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| Africa, Middle East |
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| S. japonicum distribution |
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| far east |
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| Schistosomiasis adults |
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| 22cm |
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| S. mansoni adults |
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| venules of large intestine; eggs trapped in liver & other tissues |
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| S. haematobium adults |
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| venules of bladder, rectum; eggs caught in tissues |
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| S. japonicum adults |
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| venules of small intestine; eggs trapped in liver & other tissues |
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| Schistosomiasis Acquired |
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| fork-tailed cercariae burrowing into the capillary beds of feet, legs, arms |
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| S. mansoni & S. japconicum disease |
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| cirrhosis of liver, granuloma formations around eggs; toxic & allergic reactions |
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| S. hematobium disease |
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| irritable bladder, bladder CA |
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| S. mansoni & S. japconicum diagnosis |
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| eggs in feces |
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| S. hematobium diagnosis |
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| eggs in urine |
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| S. mansoni egg characteristics |
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| developed miraciadium, large lateral spine, 180-80 uM |
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| S. hematobium egg characteristics |
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| developed miraciadium, large terminal spine, 160- 80 uM |
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| S. japconicum egg characteristics |
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| developed miraciadium, small lateral spine, 80- 60 uM |
