Chapter One (quiz one) – Flashcards
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| Various types of microorganisms? |
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| 1. Prokaryotes 2. Euaryotes 3. Viruses |
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| Prokaryotes? |
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| Bacteria and archaea |
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| Eurkaryotes? |
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| Fungi, algae, protozoa and helminths |
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| Viruses? |
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| Viruses and bacteriophages |
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| Are viruses living organisms? |
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| No, because they can not reproduce they need host to do so |
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| Examples of how microbes impact the Earth? |
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| -Most of the atmospheric oxygen on earth is from MICROBIAL PHOTOSYNTHESIS -Microbes play a role in decomposition of dead organisms (S, N, P) |
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| Why is the theory of Evolution still a theory for sciensts? |
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| it is a theory because once something is a teory in science it has gone through years of testing and hasn't been disproven |
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| Ways humans manipulate organisms? (9examples) |
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| -baker's yeast -brewer's yeast -food preservation -mold on wounds -produce antibotics -extract metals from mines -clean up after oil spills -Biotechnology -Bioremediation |
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| What is Biotechnology? |
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| Genetic Engineering= creating new profucts and genetically modified organims (GMOS) Recombinant DNA technology= allows microbes to be engineered to synthesize desirable proteins (drugs or hormones) |
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| What is Bioremediation? |
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| introducing microbes to the environment ro restore stability or clean uo toxic polluntants ex. oil spills, chemical spills, water and sewage treatment |
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| Whats up with human diseases caused by microbs |
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| -there is an increasing number of emergind diseases caused by microbes (SARS, AIDS, hep C, viral encephalitis) -Other diseases previously not linked to microbes now are (ulcers, cancers, schizophernia, MS, OCD, coronary artery disease) |
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| Prokarytoic vs Eukaryotic Cells (3) |
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| 1. Prokarytoic are 10x smaller thna Eukaryotic 2. Prokarytoic cells lack organelles 3. All prokaryotes are microoganisms, but only eukaryotes are |
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| Size of microbs (smallest to largest) |
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| Virus, bacteria, fungi, protozoa |
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| Taxonomic Categories (8) |
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| Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species (dude, kevin's poor cow only feels good sometimes) |
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| Binomial Naming? |
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| Genus species (underlines) ex: Staphylococcus aureus (underlined) |
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| Name the 3 domains? |
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| 1. Archaea 2. Bacteria 3. Eukarya |
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| What is an indivdual virus called? |
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| virus particle or viron |
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| A small ammount of DNA or RNA wrapped in protein and sometimes by a lipid membrane |
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| What are viruses |
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| Antonie van Leeuwenhoek |
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| 1684 -father of bacteriology -first person to accurately describe living organisms |
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| Robert Hooke |
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| 1660's first to see microorganisms -coined the word "cell" |
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| Louis Pasteur |
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| -pasterization (ammoint of microoganisms is lowered to it wont cause ill effects -the Germ Theory of Disease |
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| John Tyndall |
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| showed evidence that some microbes have high heat resistance and are difficult to destroy |
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| Joseph Lister |
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| introduced aseptic technique |
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| Robert Koch |
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| -Koch's postulates -Verified the germ theory |
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| What where Koch's Postulates |
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| -disease always in sick, not in well -isolates microoganisms to indentify -infection with pure mictobe results in disease -re-isolate microorganism from infected individuals |
